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  • 1
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    Morphogenesis of the polarized epithelial cell phenotype (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: Polarized epithelial cells play fundamental roles in the ontogeny and function of a variety of tissues and organs in mammals. The morphogenesis of a sheet of polarized epithelial cells (the trophectoderm) is the first overt sign of cellular differentiation in early embryonic development. In the adult, polarized epithelial cells line all body cavities and occur in tissues that carry out specialized vectorial transport functions of absorption and secretion. The generation of this phenotype is a multistage process requiring extracellular cues and the reorganization of proteins in the cytoplasm and on the plasma membrane; once established, the phenotype is maintained by the segregation and retention of specific proteins and lipids in distinct apical and basal-lateral plasma membrane domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodriguez-Boulan, E -- Nelson, W J -- GM 35527/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-34107/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-37675/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):718-25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2672330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Membrane Lipids/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Organelles/physiology ; *Phenotype
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Delay of gratification in children (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: To function effectively, individuals must voluntarily postpone immediate gratification and persist in goal-directed behavior for the sake of later outcomes. The present research program analyzed the nature of this type of future-oriented self-control and the psychological processes that underlie it. Enduring individual differences in self-control were found as early as the preschool years. Those 4-year-old children who delayed gratification longer in certain laboratory situations developed into more cognitively and socially competent adolescents, achieving higher scholastic performance and coping better with frustration and stress. Experiments in the same research program also identified specific cognitive and attentional processes that allow effective self-regulation early in the course of development. The experimental results, in turn, specified the particular types of preschool delay situations diagnostic for predicting aspects of cognitive and social competence later in life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mischel, W -- Shoda, Y -- Rodriguez, M I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):933-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York 10027〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological ; Attention ; Child ; *Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; *Cognition ; Female ; *Frustration ; Humans ; *Individuality ; Male ; Reward ; Social Adjustment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A parathyroid hormone-related protein implicated in malignant hypercalcemia: cloning and expression (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-08-21
    Description: Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common complication of lung and certain other cancers. The hypercalcemia results from the actions of tumor factors on bone and kidney. We report here the isolation of full-length complementary DNA clones of a putative hypercalcemia factor, and the expression from the cloned DNA of the active protein in mammalian cells. The clones encode a prepro peptide of 36 amino acids and a mature protein of 141 amino acids that has significant homology with parathyroid hormone in the amino-terminal region. This previously unrecognized hormone may be important in normal as well as abnormal calcium metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suva, L J -- Winslow, G A -- Wettenhall, R E -- Hammonds, R G -- Moseley, J M -- Diefenbach-Jagger, H -- Rodda, C P -- Kemp, B E -- Rodriguez, H -- Chen, E Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 21;237(4817):893-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3616618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*genetics ; Lung Neoplasms/complications/*genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; Parathyroid Hormone/genetics ; Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Kalman filtering, smoothing, and recursive robot arm forward and inverse dynamics (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The recursive difference equations of Kalman filtering and Bryson-Frazier fixed time-interval smoothing, arising in the state estimation theory for linear state space systems, are used here to solve problems of serial manipulator inverse and forward dynamics. The configuration analyzed is that of a joint connected N-link serial manipulator attached to an immobile base. The equivalence between the filtering and smoothing techniques from state estimation theory and recursive robot dynamics methods is demonstrated. Several areas for future research are suggested.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation (ISSN 0882-4967); RA-3; 624-639
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  • 5
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    Recursive forward dynamics for multiple robot arms moving a common task object (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Recursive forward dynamics algorithms are developed and presented for an arbitrary number of robot arms moving a commonly held object. The multiarm forward dynamics problem is to find the angular accelerations at the joints and the contact forces that the arms impart to the task object. The problem also involves finding the acceleration of this object. The multiarm forward dynamics solutions provide a thorough physical and mathematical understanding of the way several arms behave in response to a set of applied joint moments. Such an understanding simplifies and guides the subsequent control design and experimentation process. The forward dynamics algorithms also provide the necessary analytical foundation for conducting analysis and simulation studies. The multiarm algorithms are based on the filtering and smoothing approach recently advanced for single-arm dynamics, and they can be built up modularly from the single-arm algorithms. The algorithms compute recursively the joint angle accelerations, the contact forces, and the task-object accelerations. Algorithms are also developed to evaluate in closed form the linear transformations from the active joint moments to the joint angle accelerations, to the task object accelerations, and to the task-object contact forces. A possible computing architecture is presented as a precursor to a more complete investigation of the computational performance of the dynamics algorithms.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation (ISSN 1042-296X); 5; 510-521
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  • 6
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    Kalman-like estimation for static distributed systems Antenna shape from radiation measurements (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: This paper advances an approach to the determination of shape of static distributed systems. It also illustrates the application of the approach to the problems of surface diagnosis of large parabolic reflectors. The estimation methods developed combine in an optimal sense the information from an elliptic model of the structure and from measurements of the structural deflection and of the far-field pattern changes due to the structural deformation. The estimators have a predictor-corrector structure, quite similar to that of a Kalman filter. The system model is first used to obtain a predicted estimate. A correction term is then added to the prediction to obtain the final state estimate. The relative weighting between prediction and correction terms is determined by an estimator gain. As in a Kalman filter, the estimator gain can be expressed in terms of the state estimation error covariance.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
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  • 7
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    Intelligent test integration system (1988)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: A new test technology is described which was developed for space system integration. The ultimate purpose of the system is to support the automatic generation of test systems in real time, distributed computing environments. The Intelligent Test Integration System (ITIS) is a knowledge based layer above the traditional test system components which can generate complex test configurations from the specification of test scenarios.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Second Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Space Applications; p 177-185
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  • 8
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    Kalman filtering, smoothing and recursive robot arm forward and inverse dynamics (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The inverse and forward dynamics problems for multi-link serial manipulators are solved by using recursive techniques from linear filtering and smoothing theory. The pivotal step is to cast the system dynamics and kinematics as a two-point boundary-value problem. Solution of this problem leads to filtering and smoothing techniques identical to the equations of Kalman filtering and Bryson-Frazier fixed time-interval smoothing. The solutions prescribe an inward filtering recursion to compute a sequence of constraint moments and forces followed by an outward recursion to determine a corresponding sequence of angular and linear accelerations. In addition to providing techniques to compute joint accelerations from applied joint moments (and vice versa), the report provides an approach to evaluate recursively the composite multi-link system inertia matrix and its inverse. The report lays the foundation for the potential use of filtering and smoothing techniques in robot inverse and forward dynamics and in robot control design.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: NASA-CR-180135 , JPL-PUB-86-48 , NAS 1.26:180135
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Static shape control for flexible structures (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An integrated methodology is described for defining static shape control laws for large flexible structures. The techniques include modeling, identifying and estimating the control laws of distributed systems characterized in terms of infinite dimensional state and parameter spaces. The models are expressed as interconnected elliptic partial differential equations governing a range of static loads, with the capability of analyzing electromagnetic fields around antenna systems. A second-order analysis is carried out for statistical errors, and model parameters are determined by maximizing an appropriate defined likelihood functional which adjusts the model to observational data. The parameter estimates are derived from the conditional mean of the observational data, resulting in a least squares superposition of shape functions obtained from the structural model.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: SAE PAPER 861822
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  • 10
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    Recursive inverse kinematics for robot arms via Kalman filtering and Bryson-Frazier smoothing (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This paper applies linear filtering and smoothing theory to solve recursively the inverse kinematics problem for serial multilink manipulators. This problem is to find a set of joint angles that achieve a prescribed tip position and/or orientation. A widely applicable numerical search solution is presented. The approach finds the minimum of a generalized distance between the desired and the actual manipulator tip position and/or orientation. Both a first-order steepest-descent gradient search and a second-order Newton-Raphson search are developed. The optimal relaxation factor required for the steepest descent method is computed recursively using an outward/inward procedure similar to those used typically for recursive inverse dynamics calculations. The second-order search requires evaluation of a gradient and an approximate Hessian. A Gauss-Markov approach is used to approximate the Hessian matrix in terms of products of first-order derivatives. This matrix is inverted recursively using a two-stage process of inward Kalman filtering followed by outward smoothing. This two-stage process is analogous to that recently developed by the author to solve by means of spatial filtering and smoothing the forward dynamics problem for serial manipulators.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 87-2261
    Format: text
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