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  • 1
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    Potential vorticity and mixing in the south polar vortex during spring (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Fluid dynamic aspects of the Antarctic ozone hole phenomena are studied. Data collected by the ER-2 aircraft as part of the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment (AAOE) are used to calculate the potential vorticity distribution on potential temperature surfaces. Most of the ER-2 flights show a monotonic decrease in potential vorticity and nitrous oxide toward the pole on isentropic surfaces.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11625-11
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  • 2
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    Tectonics of the central Andes (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Acquisition of nearly complete coverage of Thematic Mapper data for the central Andes between about 15 to 34 degrees S has stimulated a comprehensive and unprecedented study of the interaction of tectonics and climate in a young and actively developing major continental mountain belt. The current state of the synoptic mapping of key physiographic, tectonic, and climatic indicators of the dynamics of the mountain/climate system are briefly reviewed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-183425 , NAS 1.26:183425
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  • 3
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    Ozone precursors and ozone photochemistry over eastern North Pacific during the spring of 1984 based on the NASA GTE/CITE 1 airborne observations (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Simultaneous high-resolution measurements of O3, NO, CO, dew point temperature, and UV flux obtained during the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation (GTE/CITE 1) spring 1984 airborne field exercise over the eastern North Pacific Ocean are analyzed. Mid-tropospheric CO, O3, and NO mixing ratios averaged about 120 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), 50 ppbv, and 10 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), respectively. Statistical analysis of the high-resolution data indicates the existence of two ozone sources, one related to the downward transport of ozone-rich air from the upper troposphere and stratosphere, and the other to the transport of ozone-rich air from the continents. Modeling calculations based on these average levels imply that, from the surface to about 8 km, photochemical reactions probably supplied a net sink of ozone to the region overlying the eastern North Pacific Ocean during the sampling period. However, because the NO levels measured during the flights were frequently at or near the detection limit of the instruments and because the results are very sensitive to the absolute NO levels and their temporal variability, the conclusion must be considered provisional.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 9799-980
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  • 4
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    ARCS 3 ionospheric artificial argon ion beam injections - Waves near the heavy ion gyrofrequencies (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Low-frequency electric field data below the proton gyrofrequency are presented for the duration of the argon ion beam experiment conducted as part of the Argon Release for Controlled Studies (ARCS) program. An argon ion beam was injected from the subpayload antiparallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field at altitudes from 250 to 405 km. During the injections, the wave spectra were broadband near the subpayload and narrow-band near heavy ion gyrofrequencies at perpendicular separation distances between 42 and 254 m. It is suggested that the narrow-band waves are associated with both the perpendicular argon ion beam and an unexpected flux of low-energy ions which peaked in energy near 15 eV and pitch angle near 90 deg with respect to the magnetic field.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 2645-265
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  • 5
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    Ground-based infrared measurements of tropospheric source gases over Antarctica during the 1986 austral spring (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Simultaneous measurements of the atmospheric burdens of CH4, N2O, CO2, CF2Cl2, and CO above McMurdo Station, Antarctica, have been derived from solar absorption spectra obtained by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. In all cases the burdens are smaller than midlatitude values. Furthermore, retrievals of N2O and CH4 indicate that the tropospheric mixing ratios were normal and that the depletion of the burdens can best be accounted for by a downward shift of the volume mixing ratio profiles by some 6-8 km. This rules out the possibility of large-scale upwelling of ozone-poor tropospheric air into the stratosphere being the cause of the Antarctic springtime ozone depletion.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11613-11
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  • 6
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    In situ ozone measurements within the 1987 Antarctic ozone hole from a high-altitude ER-2 aircraft (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In situ ozone measurements were made from the ER-2 aircraft during the 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment both inside and outside the ozone hole. Midday measurements from late August until late September during aircraft ascent near 53 deg S latitude indicate no clear temporal trend in ozone mixing ratio but instead reflect the distance of the measurement from the chemically perturbed region. The measurements made within the ozone hole at 72 deg S show altitude-dependent decreases in ozone of 61 percent at a potential temperature of 425 K down to 39 percent at 365 K. Temporal trends are also calculated at various positions relative to the boundary of the chemically perturbed region to locate the region of large ozone decreases and thereby accurately locate the boundary of the ozone hole.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16547-16
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  • 7
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    Stratospheric effects of solar ultraviolet variations on the solar rotation time scale (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A summary is presented of some current work on measurement and interpretation of stratospheric ozone and temperature responses to observed short term solar ultraviolet variations. Although some studies have yielded provisional evidence for a nearly in-phase ozone-solar cycle relationship, they extend at most over only one or two 11 year cycles so the statistical significance of the correlations is not large. Similarly, the relatively short lengths of individual satellite data sets combined with the problem of estimating the effect of changes in instrument sensitivity (drift) during the observing period have complicated attempts to infer long term or solar cycle ozone trends. The solar rotation and active region development time scale provides an alternate time scale for which detailed studies of middle atmospheric ozone and temperature responses to solar ultraviolet variability are currently possible using available satellite data sets. At tropical latitudes where planetary wave amplitudes are relatively small, clear correlative evidence for the existence of middle atmospheric ozone and temperature responses to short term solar ultraviolet variations has been obtained in recent years. These measurements will ultimately allow improved empirical and theoretical calculations of longer term solar induced ozone and temperature variations at low and middle latitudes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Volume 29. Part 1: Extended Abstracts, International Symposium on Solar Activity Forcing of the Middle Atmosphere. Part 2: MASH Workshop, Williamsburg, 1986; p 76-81
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  • 8
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    Report from magnetospheric science (1989)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: By the early 1990s, magnetospheric physics will have progressed primarily through observations made from Explorer-class spacecraft, sounding rockets, ground based facilities, and shuttle based experiments. The global geospace science (GGS) element of the International Solar Terrestrial Physics program, when combined with contributions to the ESA Cluster mission and ground based and computer modeling programs, will form the basis for a major U.S. initiative in magnetospheric physics. The scientific objectives of the GGS program involve the study of energy transport throughout geospace. The Cluster mission will investigate turbulence and boundary phenomena in geospace, particularly at high latitudes on the dayside and in the region of the neutral sheet at geocentric distances of about 20 earth radii on the night side of the earth. The current state of knowledge is reviewed and the goals of these missions are briefly discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Solar-Terrestrial Science Strategy Workshop; p 25-30
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  • 9
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    Measurement of vertical velocity using clear-air Doppler radars (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A new clear air Doppler radar was constructed, called the Flatland radar, in very flat terrain near Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. The radar wavelength is 6.02 m. The radar has been measuring vertical velocity every 153 s with a range resolution of 750 m almost continuously since March 2, 1987. The variance of vertical velocity at Flatland is usually quite small, comparable to the variance at radars located near rough terrain during periods of small background wind. The absence of orographic effects over very flat terrain suggests that clear air Doppler radars can be used to study vertical velocities due to other processes, including synoptic scale motions and propagating gravity waves. For example, near rough terrain the shape of frequency spectra changes drastically as the background wind increases. But at Flatland the shape at periods shorter than a few hours changes only slowly, consistent with the changes predicted by Doppler shifting of gravity wave spectra. Thus it appears that the short period fluctuations of vertical velocity at Flatland are alsmost entirely due to the propagating gravity waves.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 477-481
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  • 10
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    Seasonal variability in global sea level observed with Geosat altimetry (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Time changes in global mesoscale sea level variances were observed with satellite altimetry between November 1986 and March 1988, showing significant, geographically coherent seasonal patterns. The NE Pacific and NE Atlantic variances show the most reliable patterns, higher than their yearly averages in both the fall and winter. The response to wind forcing appears as the major contributor to the NE Pacific and Atlantic signals; errors in the estimated inverse barometer response due to errors in atmospheric pressure, residual orbit errors, and errors in sea state bias are evaluated and found to be negligible contributors to this particular signal. The equatorial regions also show significant seasonal patterns, but the uncertainties in the wet tropospheric correction prevent definitive conclusions. The western boundary current changes are very large but not statistically significant. Estimates of the regression coefficient between sea level and significant wave height, an estimate of the sea state bias correction, range between 2.3 and 2.9 percent and vary with the type of orbit correction applied.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 17959-17
    Format: text
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