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  • Articles
  • Other Sources  (233)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (183)
  • ASTRONOMY  (50)
  • 1985-1989  (233)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1989  (233)
  • 1
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    Relativistic magnetospheric electrons: Lower ionospheric conductivity and long-term atmospheric variability (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Long term observations of relativistic electrons in the earth's outer magnetosphere show a strong solar cycle dependence with a prominent intensity maximum during the approach to solar minimum. This population therefore closely corresponds to the presence of high speed solar wind streams emanating from solar coronal holes. Using a numerical code, the precipitating electron energy deposition in the earth's upper and middle atmosphere were calculated. Observed events (typically persisting several days) would have maximum effect in the 40 to 60 km altitude range with peak energy depositions greater than 110 keV/cu cm-s. It is suggested that this electron population could play an important long term role in modulating lower D region ionization and middle atmospheric ozone chemistry. Methods are described of observing middle atmospheric and lower ionospheric effects of the electrons including balloon, riometer, and space-based ozone sensor systems. A particularly promising approach may involve the monitoring of global Schumann resonance modes which are sensitive to global changes in the properties of the earth-ionosphere cavity. Present work indicates that Schumann resonance properties are moderately correlated with the flux of precipitating relativistic electrons thus offering the possibility of continuously monitoring this aspect of magnetosphere-atmosphere coupling.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 217-219
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Fast spectroscopic variations on rapidly-rotating, cool dwarfs. 3: Masses of circumstellar absorbing clouds on AB Doradus (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: New time-resolved H alpha, Ca II H and K and Mg II h and k spectra of the rapidly-rotating K0 dwarf star AB Doradus (= HD 36705). The transient absorption features seen in the H alpha line are also present in the Ca II and Mg II resonance lines. New techniques are developed for measuring the average strength of the line absorption along lines of sight intersecting the cloud. These techniques also give a measure of the projected cloud area. The strength of the resonance line absorption provides useful new constraints on the column densities, projected surface areas, temperatures and internal turbulent velocity dispersions of the circumstellar clouds producing the absorption features. At any given time the star appears to be surrounded by at least 6 to 10 clouds with masses in the range 2 to 6 x 10(exp 17) g. The clouds appear to have turbulent internal velocity dispersions of order 3 to 20 km/s, comparable with the random velocities of discrete filamentary structures in solar quiescent prominences. Night-to-night changes in the amount of Ca II resonance line absorption can be explained by changes in the amplitude of turbulent motions in the clouds. The corresponding changes in the total energy of the internal motions are of order 10(exp 29) erg per cloud. Changes of this magnitude could easily be activated by the frequent energetic (approximately 10(exp 34) erg) x ray flares seen on this star.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-186563 , NAS 1.26:186563
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  • 3
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    CDAW 8 observations of plasmoid signatures in the geomagnetic tail - An assessment (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Magnetotail observations from the ISEE 3 distant (1983) tail mission taken during the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop 8 (CDAW 8) A and G events are investigated. The ISEE 3 magnetic field, plasma, and energetic particle measurements taken in these two plasmoids have been analyzed and compared with various equilibrium structures and propagating waves/tail oscillation modes. Results indicate general agreement with either the closed-loop (Hones, 1977) or very small pitch angle flux rope (Hughes and Sibeck, 1987; Birn et al., 1989) models of plasmoid structure and poorer agreement with other hypotheses. Calculations based upon typical plasmoid and tail parameters are presented, indicating that the J and B force associated with the disconnected lobe field lines may be sufficient to accelerate plasmoids up to the speeds observed by ISEE 3. Overall, the energy expended in accelerating the plasmoids down the tail appears comparable to that dissipated in the inner magnetosphere and ionosphere. The study produces strong evidence in favor of the plasmoid model of substorm tail dynamics.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 15153-15
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    An analysis of the effects of N2 absorption on the O(+) 834-A emission from rocket observations (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Altitude profiles of the O(+) 834-A emission, obtained from rocket observations at moderate and high solar conditions, are compared with model calculations. The model showed that when viewing the atmosphere horizontally at altitudes below the F2 layer, the 834-A intensity was virtually independent of the O(+) density. The 834-A intensity was found to be highly sensitive to the N2 absorption cross section. Comparisons with model calculations suggest that absorption by N2 is a factor of 10 lower than the currently accepted values.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 17281-17
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  • 5
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    Substorms, plasmoids, flux robes, and magnetotail flux loss on March 25, 1983 - CDAW-8 (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: During a 9-hour period following a storm-sudden commencement, six spacecraft near geosynchronous orbit, one over the pole, and three in the mgnetotail, monitored a complex sequence of magnetospheric variations. Magnetic field compressions associated with the sudden commencement were seen first by the near-earth spacecraft and subsequently by the three down-tail spacecraft with increasing time delays that were consistent with the tailward movement of an interplanetary-shock-associated pressure enhancement. Ground magnetograms and synchronous orbit data are used to identify 7 substorm intensifications during this geomagnetically active period. Six of these intensifications are clearly associated with tail lobe field decreases about 18 R sub E behind the earth. Four of these intensifications are followed by both Bz field increases in the tail lobes at about 18 and about 30 R sub E and by the subsequent observation of rapidly flowing plasma sheet plasma at ISEE 3 about 110 R sub E down the tail. During two substorms where DE 1 was optically observing the auroral oval, the area of the polar cap was observed to decrease as the tail lobe field decreased at 18 R sub E. All these observations are consistent with the substorm associated release of a plasmoid at a neutral line near 20 R sub E.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 15135-15
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  • 6
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    Lagrangian photochemical modeling studies of the 1987 Antarctic spring vortex. I - Comparison with AAOE observations (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results from the Lagrangian photochemical model integrated along computed air parcel trajectories intersected by the ER-2 aircraft are presented and compared with AAOE observations. According to the model, the BrO observations made from the ER-2 within the dehydrated denitrified region are consistent with there being approximately 5 parts per trillion by volume of BrO(y) at 428 K in spring. Within the high ClO region, ozone destruction rates are expected to exceed 2 percent/d with approximately 80 percent due to the ClO dimer mechanism.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11529-11
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  • 7
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    Silicification of holocene soils in northern Monitor Valley, Nevada (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Chemical, physical, and microscopic data for three soils in the northern Monitor Valley are analyzed. The soils ranked in order of increasing age are: Mule, Rotinom, and Nayped. The procedures and techniques used to obtain and study that data are described. It is observed that: (1) redistribution of carbonate is detectable in all soils; (2) clay illuviation is insignificant in the Mule soil, weak but identifiable in the Rotinom soil, and significant in the Nayped soil; and (3) the maximum sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and electrical conductivity (EC) for the Mule soil is between 64-89 cm, for the Rotinom soil the values are below 100 cm, and for Nayped the maximum SAR values range from 51-117 cm and maximum EC values are between 117-152 cm. The relationship between volcanic glass weathering and the amount of silica cementation in the soils is studied. It is noted that silicification of Monitor Valley holocene soils is due to there being enough moisture to release silica from volcanic glass, but not enough to leach the weathering products from the profile.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Soil Science Society of America, Journal (ISSN 0038-0776); 53; 158-164
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Stratospheric ozone measurements from the 1985 MAP/GLOBUS NO(x) campaign (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Nine experiments obtained stratospheric ozone measurements during the fall 1985 Middle Atmosphere Program (MAP) Global Budget of Stratospheric Trace Constituents (GLOBUS) NO(x) campaign. Measurements are grouped into four sets from four air masses and compared. Agreement between individual experiments and weighted mean profiles is generally within 10 percent and within absolute accuracies. Dobson Umkehr values in layer 5 differ by more than absolute accuracies from weighted mean profiles. Brewer sonde values for one data set are outside absolute accuracies near the ozone peak. Solar UV occultation measurements are 30-35 percent less than the weighted mean profile and outside absolute accuracies. Measurements from the Exospheric Satellite backscattered ultraviolet experiment, not previously compared with other techniques, agree within 10-15 percent of weighted mean profiles. Results of the campaign are generally consistent with those of four previous intercomparison campaigns.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11074-11
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  • 9
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    New spectral features of stratospheric trace gases identified from high-resolution infrared balloon-borne and laboratory spectra (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A new Michelson-type interferometer system operating in the infrared at very high resolution has been used to record numerous balloon-borne solar absorption spectra of the stratosphere, ground-based solar absorption spectra, and laboratory spectra of molecules of atmospheric interest. In the present work results obtained for several important stratospheric trace gases, HNO3, CIONO2, HO2NO2, NO2, and COF2, in the 8- to 12-micron spectral region are reported. Many new features of these gases have been identified in the stratospheric spectra. Comparison of the new spectra with line-by-line simulations shows that previous spectral line parameters are often inadequate and that new analysis of high-resolution laboratory and atmospheric spectra and improved theoretical calculations will be required for many bands. Preliminary versions of several sets of improved line parameters under development are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 14945-14
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  • 10
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    Measurements of nitric oxide and total reactive nitrogen in the Antarctic stratosphere - Observations and chemical implications (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results are presented on measurements of NO and the sum of reactive nitrogen species, NO(y), which include NO, NO2, NO3, N2O5, HNO3, and ClONO2 (in addition to ClO, O3, H2O, and N2O measurements), obtained aboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft flying over the Antarctica between the latitudes of 53 and 72 deg S during the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment. The boundary of the chemically perturbed region (CPR), as indicated by a sharp increase in the level of ClO, occurred near 66 deg S; outside or equatorward of the CPR, the NO(y) mixing ratios ranged between 6 and 12 ppbv, with values decreasing poleward and reaching total NO(y) levels of 4 ppbv or less within 5-deg poleward of the boundary. Data presented in this paper clearly associate the Antarctic ozone decrease with perturbed conditions of ClO, NO(y), and H2O, which are in turn associated with processes defined as nonstandard heterogeneous chemistry, denitrification, and dehydration, respectively.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16665-16
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