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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the Poly(ethylene glycol) Chain Length of L-Polylactide-Polyethylene Glycol in Aqueous Dispersions Using Viscoelastic Measurements (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 1482-1485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00005a013
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spreading of volatile liquid droplets on heated surfaces (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 248-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A two-dimensional volatile liquid droplet on a uniformly heated horizontal surface is considered. Lubrication theory is used to describe the effects of capillarity, thermocapillarity, vapor recoil, viscous spreading, contact-angle hysteresis, and mass loss on the behavior of the droplet. A new contact-line condition based on mass balance is formulated and used, which represents a leading-order superposition of spreading and evaporative effects. Evolution equations for steady and unsteady droplet profiles are found and solved for small and large capillary numbers. In the steady evaporation case, the steady contact angle, which represents a balance between viscous spreading effects and evaporative effects, is larger than the advancing contact angle. This new angle is also observed over much of the droplet lifetime during unsteady evaporation. Further, in the unsteady case, effects which tend to decrease (increase) the contact angle promote (delay) evaporation. In the "large'' capillary number limit, matched asymptotics are used to describe the droplet profile; away from the contact line the shape is determined by initial conditions and bulk mass loss, while near the contact-line surface curvature and slip are important. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868623
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of water-stress-induced embolism in two species of chaparral shrubs (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The mechanism of water-stress-induced embolism of xylem was investigated in Malosma laurina and Heteromeles arbutifolia, two chaparral shrub species of southern California. We tested the hypothesis that the primary cause of xylem dysfunction in these species during dehydration was the pulling of air through the pores in the cell walls of vessels (pores in pit membranes) as a result of high tensions on xylem water. First, we constructed vulnerability-to-embolism curves for (i) excised branches that were increasingly dehydrated in the laboratory and (ii) hydrated branches exposed to increasing levels of external air pressure. Branches of M. laurina that were dehydrated became 50% embolized at a xylem pressure potential of -1.6 MPa, which is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the +1.6 MPa of external air pressure that caused 50% embolism in hydrated stems. Dehydrated and pressurized branches of H. arbutifolia reached a 50% level of embolism at -6.0 and +6.4 MPa, respectively. Secondly, polystyrene spheres ranging in diameter from 20 to 149 nm were perfused through hydrated stem segments to estimate the pore size in the vessel cell walls (pit membranes) of the two species. A 50% or greater reduction in hydraulic conductivity occurred in M. laurina at perfusions of 30, 42, 64 and 82 nm spheres and in H. arbutifolia at perfusions of 20 and 30 nm spheres. Application of the capillary equation to these pore diameters predicted 50% embolism at xylem tensions of -2.2 MPa for M. laurina and -6.7 MPa for H. arbutifolia, which are within 0.7 MPa of the actual values. Our results suggest that the size of pores in pit membranes may be a factor in determining both xylem efficiency and vulnerability to embolism in some chaparral species. H. arbutifolia, with smaller pores and narrower vessels, withstands lower water potentials but has lower transport efficiency. M. laurina, with wider pores and wider vessels, has a greater transport efficiency but requires a deeper root system to help avoid catastro-phically low water potentials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00352.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoemission studies of rhenium disulfide oxidation: Altered core-level structure and reactivity of defect sites (1989)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 2 (1989), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract X-ray photoemission was used to investigate the initial stages of rhenium disulfide oxidation and the altered reactivity and core-level electronic structure of defect sites produced by argon ion sputtering of single crystal and polycrystalline ReS2-basal plane surfaces. Oxidation of polycrystalline-ReS2 with O2 at 100–300 ° C produced a mixture of surface oxides containing rhenium in the + 4 and + 7 oxidation states. Oxidation was facilitated by the presence of low coordination defect sites and was reversible upon resulfidization with H2S/H2 at 300 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00765324
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery patterns of three chaparral shrub species after wildfire (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 80 (1989), S. 309-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Chaparral ; Seedling survival ; Root depth ; Rhus ; Ceanothus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In a mature, even aged stand of mixed chaparral, Rhus laurina (facultative resprouter) had consistently higher water potentials and deeper roots than Ceanothus spinosus (facultative resprouter) and Ceanothus megacarpus (obligate seeder). For two years following a wildfire, the same stand of chaparral had resprouts with higher survivorships, predawn water potentials, stomatal conductances, photosynthetic rates and shoot elongation rates than seedlings. Supplemental irrigation of seedlings during summer months removed differences between resprouts and seedlings suggesting that the cause of such differences was limited water availability to the shoot tissues of seedlings. After two years of postfire regrowth, mean seedling survivorship for the obligate seeder (C. megacarpus) was 42%, whereas seedling survivorship for facultative resprouters was only 18% (C. spinosus) and 0.01% (R. laurina). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that lack of resprouting ability among obligate seeders is offset by an enhanced ability to establish seedlings after wildfire, allowing obligate seeders to maintain themselves in mixed populations through many fire cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379032
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue water relations of three chaparral shrub species after wildfire (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 80 (1989), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Chaparral ; Osmotic potential ; Turgor ; Pressure-volume curve ; Dew-point hygrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We compared the tissue water relations among resprouts and seedlings of three chaparral species during the first summer drought after wildfire. Two of the species, Rhus laurina and Ceanothus spinosus recover after fire by a combination of resprouting and seedling establishment (facultative resprouters), whereas a third species, Ceanothus megacarpus recovers by seedling establishment alone (obligate seeder). Our objectives were to document any differences in tissue water characteristics that might arise between resprouts and seedlings and to test the hypothesis that seedlings of obligate seeders develop more drought tolerant characteristics of their tissues than seedlings of facultative resprouters. We found that resprouts had much higher predawn values of water potential, osmotic potential, and turgor potentials than seedlings. Predawn turgor potentials of resprouts were 1.5 MPa through July and August when turgor potentials for seedlings remained near 0 MPa. During summer months, midday water potentials were 2 to 3 MPa higher for resprouts than seedlings and midday conductances of resprouts were two to five fold greater than those of seedlings. Even though resprouts did not experience severe water stress like seedlings, their tissue water characteristics, as determined by pressure-volume curve analyses, were similar by the peak of the drought in August. Further-more, the tissue water characteristics of seedlings from the obligate seeder, C. megacarpus, were similar to those of facultative resprouters — R. laurina, and C. spinosus. We attribute the observed differences in plant water status between resprouts and seedlings to differences in rooting depths and access to soil moisture reserves during summer drought. We conclude that the higher growth rates, photosynthetic performance, and survivorship of postfire resprouts are primarily a result of higher water availability to resprouting tissues during summer months. It appears that the greater seedling survivorship during summer drought observed for the obligate seeder, C. megacarpus, is not associated with more favorable tissue water characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379031
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the butyrophilin gene, a milk fat globule membrane protein, is associated with the expression of the αS1casein gene (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 27 (1995), S. 388-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous in situ hybridization studies from our laboratory have shown that expression of certain milk protein genes, e.g. α-lactalbumin, is very high in most parts of the mammary glands of sheep and cattle, while in other areas containing an abundance of fat globules it is virtually zero (Molenaar et al., 1992). One possible explanation is that some areas of the mammary gland are dedicated to protein synthesis and some to fat synthesis. To check this possibility, the cRNA for butyrophilin, a milk-fat globule membrane protein, and hence a putative marker of milk fat synthesis, was used as a probe in in situ hybridization studies. The results show quite clearly that the patterns of expression for this gene are similar, cell type for cell type, as those for milk protein genes such as α-lactalbumin and αs1casein. In addition, we found that butyrophilin gene expression more closely matches that of αS1casein than that of α-lactalbumin. If it is shown in the future that butyrophilin is indeed a marker for milk fat synthesis, then these results support the current assumption that fat and protein synthesis do occur in the same cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00179564
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the butyrophilin gene, a milk fat globule membrane protein, is associated with the expression of the αS1casein gene (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 27 (1995), S. 388-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previousin situ hybridization studies from our laboratory have shown that expression of certain milk protein genes, e.g. α-lactalbumin, is very high in most parts of the mammary glands of sheep and cattle, while in other areas containing an abundance of fat globules it is virtually zero (Molenaaret al., 1992). One possible explanation is that some areas of the mammary gland are dedicated to protein synthesis and some to fat synthesis. To check this possibility, the cRNA for butyrophilin, a milk-fat globule membrane protein, and hence a putative marker of milk fat synthesis, was used as a probe inin situ hybridization studies. The results show quite clearly that the patterns of expression for this gene are similar, cell type for cell type, as those for milk protein genes such as α-lactalbumin and αs1casein. In addition, we found that butyrophilin gene expression more closely matches that of αS1casein than that of α-lactalbumin. If it is shown in the future that butyrophilin is indeed a marker for milk fat synthesis, then these results support the current assumption that fat and protein synthesis do occur in the same cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389025
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degassing and surface analysis of gas atomized aluminium alloy powders (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 3811-3819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The degassing behaviour and surface characterization of Al-Mg base alloys has been investigated using quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The alloy composition, particle size and the nature of the atomizing gas have been studied in terms of gas evolution and surface composition. XPS has been used both to measure oxide thicknesses and magnesium enrichment ratios. XPS results show that magnesium segregation increases for larger particle sizes and this is supported by QMS, with a correspondingly higher hydrogen evolution on heating being observed for the larger size fractions. High-resolution XPS of the carbon 1s photoelectron peak (C1s) indicates the presence of carbonate component on the as-received magnesium-containing powders. This component is less pronounced on degassed powders indicating the evolution of CO2 on heating. This observation is supported by thermodynamic calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01153939
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural evolution of a silicon oxide phase in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer by an in situ sol-gel reaction (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nanocomposites were produced via sol-gel reactions for tetraethylorthosilicate within the cluster morphology of perfluorosulfonic acid films. Small-angle x-ray scattering revealed that the polar/nonpolar nanophase-separated morphological template persists despite invasion by the silicon oxide phase. Scanning electron microscopy (ESEM-EDAX) studies have indicated that the greatest silicon oxide concentration occurs near the surface and decreases to a minimum in the middle. Optical and ESEM micrographs revealed a brittle, surface-attached silica layer at high silicon oxide contents. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550120
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