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  • Articles  (99)
  • Elsevier  (45)
  • Wiley  (32)
  • Springer Nature  (10)
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  • Articles  (99)
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  • 1
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    Does soil aging affect the N2O mitigation potential of biochar? A combined microcosm and field study (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: The application of biochar as a soil amendment to improve soil fertility has been suggested as a tool to reduce soil-borne CO 2 and non-CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Both lab and field trials have demonstrated N 2 O emission reduction by biochar amendment, but the long-term effect (〉1 year) has been questioned. Here we present results of a combined microcosm and field study using a powdered beech wood biochar from slow pyrolysis. The field experiment showed that both CO 2 and N 2 O emissions were still effectively reduced by biochar in the third year after application. However, biochar did not influence the biomass yield of sunflower for biogas production ( Helianthus annuus L.). Biochar reduced bulk density and increased soil aeration and thus reduced the water filled pore space (WFPS) in the field, but was also able to suppress N 2 O emission in the microcosms experiment conducted at constant WFPS. For both experiments, biochar had limited impact on soil mineral nitrogen speciation, but it reduced the accumulation of nitrite in the microcosms. Extraction of soil DNA and quantification of functional marker genes by qPCR showed that biochar did not alter the abundance of nitrogen-transforming bacteria and archaea in both field and microcosm experiments. In contradiction to previous experiments, this study demonstrates the long-term N 2 O emission suppression potential of a wood biochar and thus highlights its overall climate change mitigation potential. While a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms requires further research we provide evidence for a range of biochar-induced changes to the soil environment and their change with time that might explain the often observed N 2 O emission suppression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1757-1693
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-1707
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Corrigendum: Inactivation of PI(3)K p110δ breaks regulatory T-cell-mediated immune tolerance to cancer (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-28
    Description: Corrigendum: Inactivation of PI(3)K p110δ breaks regulatory T-cell-mediated immune tolerance to cancer Nature 535, 7613 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature17641 Authors: Khaled Ali, Dalya R. Soond, Roberto Piñeiro, Thorsten Hagemann, Wayne Pearce, Ee Lyn Lim, Hicham Bouabe, Cheryl L. Scudamore, Timothy Hancox, Heather Maecker, Lori Friedman, Martin Turner, Klaus Okkenhaug & Bart Vanhaesebroeck Nature510, 407–411 (2014); doi:10.1038/nature13444Queen Mary University London notified Nature and University College London that there is reason to question the provenance of the data for Fig. 5b, d, e of this Letter (Fig. 5a, c
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Asian Irrigation, African Rain: Remote Impacts of Irrigation (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-10
    Description: Irrigation is not only vital for global food security, but also constitutes an anthropogenic land-use change, known to have strong effects on local hydrological and energy cycles. Using the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology's Earth System Model we show that related impacts are not confined regionally, but that possibly as much as 40% of the present-day precipitation in some of the arid regions in Eastern Africa are related to irrigation-based agriculture in Asia. Irrigation in South Asia also substantially influences the climate throughout Southeast Asia and China via the advection of water vapor and by altering the Asian monsoon. The simulated impact of irrigation on remote regions is sensitive to the magnitude of the irrigation-induced moisture flux. Therefore, it is likely that a future extension or decline of irrigated areas due to increasing food demand or declining fresh water resources will also affect precipitation and temperatures in remote regions.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Land–atmosphere feedbacks amplify aridity increase over land under global warming (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: Aridity is expected to increase globally in a warmer world. Research now suggests that this is substantially amplified by land–atmosphere feedbacks associated with the land surface’s response to climate and plant responses to increased atmospheric CO2. Nature Climate Change 6 869 doi: 10.1038/nclimate3029
    Print ISSN: 1758-678X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-6798
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Projection of glacier runoff in Yarkant River basin and Beida River basin, Western China (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-10
    Description: Potential changes in glacier area, mass balance and runoff in the Yarkant River Basin (YRB) and Beida River Basin (BRB) are projected for the period from 2011 to 2050 employing the modified monthly degree-day model forced by climate change projection. Future monthly air temperature and precipitation were derived from the simple average of 17, 16 and 17 GCM projections following the A1B, A2 and B1 scenarios, respectively. These data were downscaled to each station employing the Delta method, which computes differences between current and future GCM simulations and adds these changes to observed time-series. Model parameters calibrated with observations or results published in the literature between 1961 and 2006 were kept unchanged. Annual glacier runoff in YRB is projected to increase until 2050, and the total runoff over glacier area in 1970 is projected to increase by about 13–35% during 2011–2050 relative to the average during 1961–2006. Annual glacier runoff and the total runoff over glacier area in 1970 in BRB is projected to increase initially and then to reach a tipping point during 2011–2030. There are prominent increases in summer, but only small increase in May and October of glacier runoff in YRB, and significantly increases during late spring and early summer and significant decreases in July and late summer of glacier runoff in BRB. This study highlights the great differences among basins in their response to future climate warming. The specific runoff from areas exposed after glacier retreat relative to 1970 is projected to general increasing, which must be considered when evaluating the potential change of glacier runoff. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    On the contribution of statistical bias correction to the uncertainty in the projected hydrological cycle (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-26
    Description: Global hydrological modeling is affected by three sources of uncertainty: (i) the choice of the global climate model (GCM) used to provide meteorological forcing data; (ii) the choice of future greenhouse gas concentration scenario; and (iii) the choice of the decade used to derive the bias correction parameters. We present a comparative analysis of these uncertainties and compare them to the inter-annual variability. The analysis focuses on discharge, integrated runoff and total precipitation over ten large catchments, representative of different climatic areas of the globe. Results are similar for all catchments, all hydrological variables and throughout the year with few exceptions. We find that the choice of different decadal periods over which to derive the bias correction parameters is a source of comparatively minor uncertainty, while other sources play larger and similarly significant roles. This is true for both the means and the extremes of the studied hydrological variables.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Experimental evidence of librational vibrations determining the stability of calcium borohydride (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-26
    Description: Author(s): A. Borgschulte, R. Gremaud, A. Züttel, P. Martelli, A. Remhof, A. J. Ramirez-Cuesta, K. Refson, E. G. Bardaji, W. Lohstroh, M. Fichtner, H. Hagemann, and M. Ernst The high energy of hydrogen vibrations in solids is the origin of their strong impact on thermodynamic properties. The peculiar structure of complex hydrides amplifies this impact. We shed light on the vibrational properties of three allotropes of Ca(BH_{4} )_{2} using density-functional theory calc... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 024102] Published Tue Jan 25, 2011
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 8
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    High-spin spectroscopy in ^{125} Xe (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-15
    Description: Author(s): A. Al-Khatib, G. B. Hagemann, G. Sletten, A. K. Singh, H. Amro, G. Benzoni, A. Bracco, P. Bringel, F. Camera, M. P. Carpenter, P. Chowdhury, R. M. Clark, C. Engelhardt, P. Fallon, B. Herskind, H. Hübel, R. V. F. Janssens, T. L. Khoo, T. Lauritsen, A. Neußer-Neffgen, and C. Rønn Hansen Levels excited up to 39.8 MeV and 119/2 units of angular momentum have been populated in ^{125} Xe by the ^{82} Se( ^{48} Ca,5n) ^{125} Xe reaction. High-fold γ-ray coincidence events were measured using the Gammasphere Ge detector array. Nine regular rotational bands extending from levels identifi... [Phys. Rev. C 83, 024306] Published Mon Feb 14, 2011
    Keywords: Nuclear Structure
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    Nucleation in the Karlsruhe plume during the COPS/TRACKS-Lagrange experiment (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: A plume of ultrafine particles was observed downwind of the Karlsruhe city and industrial area during the COPS/TRACKS Lagrangian airborne experiment in summer 2007. These ultrafine particles were identified as nucleation-generated aerosols from emissions of a coal-fired power plant and an adjacent refinery, the two main emitters of sulphur dioxide in the area. Modelling the production and growth of aerosols with the COSMO-ART model required, in agreement with the known emission sources, a strong elevated source of sulphur dioxide to explain the temporal evolution of the particle plume. The power plant at Karlsruhe Rheinhafen emits from a 233 m high chimney. The ultrafine particles produced from these fossil-fuel-related sources were the dominant fraction of all ultrafine particles in the rural area of the Kraichgau downwind of Karlsruhe, exceeding all other anthropogenic sources and are suspected of being the major contribution to the number of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) on a regional scale. Compared to previous investigations on the sulphur chemistry in power-plant plumes, emissions from this power plant, which is equipped with modern stack-gas cleaning technology, had a higher yield of nucleation-mode aerosols as CCN precursors per emitted sulphur dioxide mass. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
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  • 10
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    A framework for the evaluation of the South Asian summer monsoon in a regional climate model applied to REMO (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-15
    Description: Considering the complex spatial and vertical structure of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM), the validation of a regional climate model (RCM) dealing with only a few surface variables is considered insufficient. Therefore, we have proposed an evaluation framework for the better assessment of the capability of an RCM in capturing the fundamental structure of SASM. This framework has been applied to the regional climate model REMO using ERA40 lateral boundary conditions for the period 1961–2000. The application of framework yielded satisfactory performance of REMO in capturing the lower, middle, and upper component of the SASM circulation. REMO has higher correlation between different SASM indices as compared to ERA40, showing its ability in capturing the dynamical link between these indices better than ERA40. We have employed different criteria for the assessment of the monsoon onset, and the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during the boreal summer and REMO has captured these phenomena reasonably well. The model has also shown the association of the meridional temperature gradient with the easterly shear of zonal winds. These results lead us to the conclusion that REMO is well suited for long-term climate change simulations to examine projected future changes in the complex SASM system. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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