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  • 1
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    Particle acceleration and wave emissions associated with the formation of auroral cavities and enhancements (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A unified model is presented which interrelates the various processes involved in auroral particle acceleration and the associated wave emissions, and it is shown how energy is coupled from the magnetosphere into the ionosphere. The phenomena in the magnetotail which can provide the source of free energy for the perpendicular electrostatic shocks are identified along with the associated potential structures in the nightside auroral region. The characteristics of the particle acceleration produced by the shock are described, including efficiency and energy transport between magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas, the properties of the particle distributions throughout the shock region and return current regions, and the associated wave emissions. The source of free energy for the generation of ion conics is identified, as are the signatures for the formation of plasma cavities and/or enhancements.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 14567-14
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    F region electron temperature signatures of the plasmapause based on Dynamics Explorer 1 and 2 measurements (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A large DE 1 and 2 database covering all local times is used to explore the relationship between electron temperature (Te) signatures in the F region and plamaspheric density structures. The quiet time Te signature remains in the vicinity of 60 deg invariant latitude at all local times, while the plasmapause is found to bulge to about 60 deg at 1500 LT. The plasmasphere in the bulge region is shown to exhibit an internal feature in the vicinity of 60 deg which takes the form of a sharp H(+) gradient. It is suggested that the light-ion gradient may represent a recently created sharp boundary between an old plasmasphere and a new plasmasphere. The present Te characteristics are consisent with plasmasphere depletion and refilling time constants.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 1896-190
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  • 3
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    An intercomparison of results from ferrous sulphate and photolytic converter techniques for measurements of NO(x) made during the NASA GTE/CITE 1 aircraft program (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Two techniques designed for measurements of NO(x (NO + NO2) were intercompared during aircraft flights made in the spring of 1984 in the middle free troposphere over the eastern Pacific Ocean and southwestern U.S. One NO chemiluminescence instrument was equipped with a ferrous sulphate converter, another with a photolytic converter. The ferrous sulphate-equipped instrument was apparently much less specific for NO2. It registered levels about three times larger than the photolytic converter and gave NO2/NO ratios that were much larger than photochemical calculations would indicate as reasonable. Additionally, the results imply that active NO(x) was only 10-20 percent of the total odd nitrogen in the middle free troposphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 15803-15
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Formation of the Antarctic ozone hole by the ClO dimer mechanism (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: New measurements of the low-altitude ClO profile, made during September 1987, are presented along with detailed observations of ozone depletion over McMurdo Station, Antarctica during the same period. The results show that both the rate and altitude range of ozone depletion can be quantitatively accounted for by a mechanism in which the ClO dimer is the important intermediary in the catalytic destruction of ozone. An alternative bromine mechanism appears capable of contributing only 5-15 percent to the ozone loss rate.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 336; 455-458
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Geomagnetic activity during the passage of the earth through Halley's tail in 1910 (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The magnetic disturbance expected when the earth passed through the center of Comet Halley's tail in 1910 apparently occurred 12 hr too early. A detailed study of the records reveals that the discrepancy is due to a change in the convention for determining the start of the day. The magnetic disturbance did in fact arrive at the expected time and no unusual aberration of the solar wind need be invoked to explain the timing. The disturbance consisted of two troughs in the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field, separated by about 14 hr, presumably associated with wakes in the solar wind momentum flux on either side of the ion tail. The disturbance was independent of latitude, indicating that the responsible current system flowed far above the earth's surface. After the comet's passage the magnetosphere was left in a mildly disturbed condition, with a weak ring current present.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 333; 338-340
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Explosive volcanism, shock metamorphism and the K-T boundary (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The issue of whether shocked quartz can be produced by explosive volcanic events is important in understanding the origin of the K-T boundary constituents. Proponents of a volcanic origin for the shocked quartz at the K-T boundary cite the suggestion of Rice, that peak overpressures of 1000 kbars can be generated during explosive volcanic eruptions, and may have occurred during the May, 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens. Attention was previously drawn to the fact that peak overpressures during explosive eruptions are limited by the strength of the rock confining the magma chamber to less than 8 kbars even under ideal conditions. The proposed volcanic mechanisms for generating pressures sufficient to shock quartz are further examined. Theoretical arguments, field evidence and petrographic data are presented showing that explosive volcanic eruptions cannot generate shock metamorphic features of the kind seen in minerals at the K-T boundary.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Global Catastrophes in Earth History: An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality; p 38-39
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Optical properties of Southern Hemisphere aerosols: Report of the joint CSIRO/NASA study (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This study was made in support of the LAWS and GLOBE programs, which aim to design a suitable Doppler lidar system for measuring global winds from a satellite. Observations were taken from 5 deg S to 45 deg S along and off the E and SE Australian coast, thus obtaining representative samples over a large latitude range. Observations were made between 0 and 6 km altitude of aerosol physical and chemical properties in situ from the CSIRO F-27 aircraft; of lidar backscatter coefficients at 10.6 micron wavelength from the F-27 aircraft; of lidar backscatter profiles at 0.694 microns at Sale, SE Australia; and of lidar backscatter profiles at 0.532 microns at Cowley Beach, NE Australia. Both calculations and observations in the free troposphere gave a backscatter coefficient of 1-2 x 10 to the -11/m/sr at 10.6 microns, although the accuracies of the instruments were marginal at this level. Equivalent figures were 2-8 x 10 to the -9/m/sr (aerosol) and 9 x 10 to the -9 to 2 x 10 to the -8/m/sr (lidar) at 0.694 microns wavelength at Sale; and 3.7 x 10 to the -9/m/sr (aerosol) and 10 to the -8 to 10 to the -7/m/sr (lidar) at 0.532 microns wavelength at Cowley Beach. The measured backscatter coefficients at 0.694 and 0.532 microns were consistently higher than the values calculated from aerosol size distributions by factors of typically 2 to 10.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-179287 , NAS 1.26:179287 , CTI-TR-8801
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Observations of neutral circulation at mid-latitudes during the Equinox Transition Study (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Measurements of ion drift velocity made by the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar have been used to calculate the meridional neutral wind velocity during the Sept. 17 to 24, 1984 period. Strong daytime southward neutral surges were observed during the magnetically disturbed days of September 19 and 23, in contrast to the small daytime winds obtained as expected during the magnetically quiet days. The surge on September 19 was also seen at Arecibo. In addition, two approaches have been used to calculate the meridional wind component from the radar-derived height of the F-layer electron density peak. Results confirm the wind surge, particularly when the strong electric fields measured during the disturbed days are included in the calculations. The two approaches for the F-layer peak wind calculations are applied to the radar-derived electron density peak height as a function of latitude to study the variation of the southward daytime surges with latitude.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-184792 , NAS 1.26:184792
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    AMPTE CCE plasma wave measurements during magnetospheric compressions (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This paper summarizes plasma wave observations for the AMPTE Charge Composition Explorer bow-shock crossings of November 1, 1984, and February 8, 1986, and investigates the details of the 1984 interval during which multiple periodic shock crossings were observed. For this case, it is demonstrated that the characteristic features observed in the wave measurements provide unique signatures for the magnetosheath, bow shock, and foreshock. It was found that multiple quasi-periodic bow shock crossings detected near 0900 UT, November 1, 1984, were associated with wavelike motion of the shock surface, rather than with the structure of the shock itself.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 14357-14
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  • 10
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    Magnetospheric ULF waves observed during the major magnetospheric compression of November 1, 1984 (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The magnetospheric ULF waves observed during the magnetospheric compression event of November 1, 1984, were investigated using the magnetic field and medium-energy ion data obtained by the AMPTE Charge Composition Explorer. The electric field of ULF waves was inferred from the particle data, using a method developed on the basis of the gyration acceleration mechanism. Three types of waves were found: (1) a 10-15-min wave with perturbations in the magnetic field intensity and in the flux of ions; (2) a 3-5-min standing Alfven wave with perturbations in the azimuthal magnetic field component and in the radial component of the electric field; and (3) a 2-5-min irregular disturbance near the magnetopause, which involves all components of the magnetic field and the intensity of the ion flux. The origins of these waves are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 14369-14
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