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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (48)
  • 1985-1989  (48)
  • 1988  (48)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Active microwave measurements were made of various sea ice forms in March and April 1987 during the Marginal Ice Zone Experiment, at 1, 5, 10, 18, and 35 GHz using a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and helicopter and ship-based scatterometers. The X-band (9.8 GHz) SAR data were compared to the scatterometer data and it was determined that for 5 GHz and higher frequencies both the SAR and scatterometers can differentiate open water, new ice (5 to 30 cm), first-year ice with rubble (0.60 -1.5 m), and multiyear ice. The analysis further confirmed that the C-band (5 GHz) SAR's flying on ESA ERS-1 and Radarsat will differentiate the mentioned ice types.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 1988 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) '88 on Remote Sensing: Moving Towards the 21st Century, Volume 3; p 1419-1422
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Eighty-one benchmark soils from Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, and Mississippi were evaluated to determine the feasibility of spectrally differentiating among soil categories. Relationships among spectral properties that occur between soils and within soils were examined, using discriminant analysis. Soil spectral data were obtained from air-dried samples using an Exotech Model 20C field spectroradiometer (0.37 to 2.36 microns). Differentiating among the orders, suborders, great groups, and subgroups using reflectance spectra achieved varying percentages of accuracy. Six distinct reflectance curve forms were developed from the air-dried samples based on the shape and presence or absence of adsorption bands. Iron oxide and organic matter content were the dominant soil parameters affecting the spectral characteristics for differentiating among and between these soils.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-182610 , NAS 1.26:182610 , ACARS-123187
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Recent research on the remote sensing of forest leaf and canopy biochemical contents suggests that the shortwave IR region contains this information; laboratory analyses of dry ground leaves have yielded reliable predictive relationships between both leaf nitrogen and lignin with near-IR spectra. Attention is given to the application of these laboratory techniques to a limited set of spectra from fresh, whole leaves of conifer species. The analysis of Airborne Imaging Spectrometer data reveals that total water content variations in deciduous forest canopies appear as overall shifts in the brightness of raw spectra.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 24; 85-108
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Biomass of growing vegetation over large semiarid regions can be estimated by digital manipulation of data from the AVHRR on NOAA polar-orbiting satellites. Here, the African Sahel is classified using a methodology which incorporates both the normalized difference and CAUSE procedures for the monitoring of vegetation during drought conditions. Preliminary analysis of color IR photographs taken on Space Shuttle missions indicates that such photographs can be digitized, registered to maps and other images, and utilized to fill temporal gaps in the historical record of data from unmanned satellites.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Geocarto International (ISSN 1010-6049); 3; 29-36
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Acta Astronautica (ISSN 0094-5765); 17; 1003-100
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  • 6
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A radar image of the Lake Champlain West quadrangle in the Adirondack Mountains of the U.S. is synthesized and used to test the surface integral approach to radarclinometry. It is shown that the surface integral approach to radarclinometry possesses an inherent instability that can be avoided only if the radar reflectance function possesses a shallow slope over the range of operation and if terrain slopes are bounded to prevent their being either parallel or perpendicular to the Poynting vector of the radar irradiance. It is found that the noise associated with real SAR systems makes this instability worse. It is concluded that the value of the surface integral approach to radarclinometry shows little promise.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Earth, Moon, and Planets (ISSN 0167-9295); 41; 141-153
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The Earth Observing System (EOS) is a suite of instruments joined by a common data information system and will carry out multidisciplinary Earth science studies using a variety of remote sensing techniques. The mission is planned for the 1990's and will focus on the Earth as a system requiring measurements in the areas of hydrology, geology, forestry, meteorology, oceanography, and agriculture. Two platforms are envisioned on the U.S. side each carrying a payload of between 3500 and 4000 kgs. The European Space Agency and Japan are integrating plans for their own programs with EOS and will provide a third and fourth platform. The results of the EOS program will be applied to biogeochemistry and climate studies, and to environment management.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 1988 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) '88 on Remote Sensing: Moving Towards the 21st Century, Volume 3; p 1761-1767
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Variations in the thermal infrared (TIR) spectral response of silicate rocks is related to changes in the structures and divalent cation contents of the minerals which form the rocks. These considerations lead to a chemical parameter, SCFM, which reflects mineral structures, rock types, and their spectra. The parameter is the ratio of silica to the abundance of depolymerizing cations, defined as SCFM = SiO2/SiO2 + CaO + MgO + FeO. Parameter SCFM is therefore proposed for use in TIR remote sensing of igneous rocks. It is also demonstrated that two or three broad bands are sufficient for distinguishing among major rock types and the system noise has little effect on the quality of the results. These factors can be traded off against improved spatial resolution in instrument design.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 4th International Colloquium on Spectral Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 337-340
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: In order to understand L-band multipolarization radar measurements of forested areas, a model for the forest polarization signature was developed. The model is based on backscatter from dielectric cylinders which represent branches and trunks. In the model the Stokes matrices corresponding to several different scattering mechanisms is calculated, combining the results to get the total Stokes matrix. Comparison of model predictions with radar measurements shows that the model can accurately predict the forest polarization signature.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 1988 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) '88 on Remote Sensing: Moving Towards the 21st Century, Volume 2; p 1003-1004
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Microwave radiometric measurements made from an aircraft altitude of 20 km at 183.3 + or - 2, 183.3 + or - 5, and 183.3 + or - GHz, and at 92 GHz were used to retrieve the atmospheric water vapor profiles. Retrieval techniques shown to function properly in cloudfree conditions, were improved and extended to profile water vapor under moderate cloud cover conditions. The retrieved water vapor profiles compare favorably with those of rawinsonde observations at times nearly concurrent with the radiometric measurements.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of the 1988 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) '88 on Remote Sensing: Moving Towards the 21st Century, Volume 2; p 945-948
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