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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colocalisation of acetylated microtubules, glial filaments, and mitochondria in astrocytes in vitro (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 10 (1988), S. 438-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: tyrosinated microtubules ; organelle distribution/transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have recently shown that acetylated α-tubulin containing microtubules (acety1-MTs; labeled by antibody 6-11B-1) constitute a cold-stable subset of the microtubule network of nonneuronal cells in rat primary forebrain cultures [Cambray-Deakin and Burgoyne: Cell Motil. 8(3):284-291, 1987b]. In contrast, tyrosinated α-tubulin containing MTs (tyr-MTs; labeled by antibody YL1/2) are cold-labile. Here we have examined the distribution of acety1-MTs and tyr-MTs in cultures of newborn rat forebrain astrocytes and simultaneously investigated the distribution of mitochondria and glial filaments. In double-label immunofluorescence experiments a marked colocalisation of acetyl-MTs and glial filament bundles was observed. Tyr-MTs did not show a similar colocalisation with glial filament bundles. Furthermore, the distribution of mitochondria closely followed that of the acetyl-MT and glial filament bundles. When cells were exposed to short-term (30-min) treatments with MT-disrupting agents such as colchicine and nocodazole, the tyr-MT network was removed but the distributions of acetyl-MTs, glial filaments, and mitochondria were unchanged. Increased exposure to colchicine (9-16 hr) caused a progressive disruption of the acetyl-MTs and the collapse of glial filaments and mitochondria to the perinuclear region. These results suggest that acetyl-MTs and glial filaments but not tyr-MTs may be involved in the intracellular transport of organelles and/or in the control of their cytoplasmic distribution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970100311
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractionation of desmosomes and comparison of the polypeptide composition of desmosomes prepared from two bovine epithelial tissues (1988)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 36 (1988), S. 223-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: desmosomes ; bovine epithelial tissue ; fractionation ; polypeptide composition ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Desmosomes isolated from bovine tongue mucosa or muzzle epidermis appeared identical by ultrastructural analyses but had some differences in their polypeptide compositions as determined by SDS-PAGE. These preparations were extracted in 9 M urea, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 9), and 25 mM B-mercaptoethanol and then centrifuged at 240,000g for 30 min. The urea-soluble and insoluble fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The urea soluble fractions of both tongue and muzzle desmosomes were enriched in polypeptides of 240, 210, 81, and 75 kDa and also polypeptides (40 to 70 kDa) that were keratin-like, as determined by immunoblotting analyses with keratin antisera. The urea insoluble fraction of tongue desmosomes contained glycoproteins of 165, 160, 140, 110, and 100 kDa, while this fraction from muzzle contained glycoproteins of 165, 115, and 105 kDa. Ultrastructural examinations of insoluble pellets obtained from urea extracted tongue and muzzle desmosomes showed that most of the components at the cytoplasmic faces of the desmosomes were removed, while the membrane regions of the desmosomes resisted the treatment. The urea soluble proteins were dialyzed against 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.6), and the resulting preparation was pelleted by centrifugation and examined by electron microscopy. Ultrastructural examination of this material revealed that it had assembled into a fibrillar meshwork, similar to the fibrillar region adjacent to the submembranous plaque of isolated desmosomes. Thus, treatment of isolated desmosomes with 9 M urea allowed the fractionation of membrane-associated desmosomal proteins from cytoplasmic desmosomal proteins. A comparison of these fractions from tongue and muzzle indicated that the polypeptide compositions of the desmosomes varied between tissues, especially with respect to the fractions enriched in either glycoproteins or keratin.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240360304
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heparin-like molecules regulate the number of epidermal growth factor receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 136 (1988), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of heparin on the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) was examined. Heparin pretreatment of SMC obtained from bovine aortic explant tissue resulted in significant reductions in the amount of EGF bound. Decreases in mitogen binding were observed with both growth arrested as well as exponentially growing cultures. The heparin concentrations (10-100 μg/ml) and pretreatment times (48-72 h) necessary for suppression of EGF binding correlated with the concentrations and temporal requirements necessary for growth inhibition. Chondroitin sulfate, which has negligible antiproliferative activity, had no effect on EGF binding. However, a highly inhibitory heparan sulfate species obtained from postconfluent SMC suppressed EGF binding by 45%. Platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 binding were unaffected by heparin. Scatchard analysis revealed that heparin induced 50 to 60% reductions in the numbers of high and low affinity EGF receptors without detectable changes in the binding affinity or ratio of high to low receptors. Experiments were also performed with enzymatically dispersed SMC. These cultures were inhibited by heparin in a time dependent manner which was partially reversible in the presence of EGF. Subsequent studies revealed that heparin suppressed EGF binding in these cultures by 20 to 40%. In summary, heparin reduces the number of EGF receptors on both explant and enzyme dispersed SMC by a mechanism which closely parallels the antiproliferative effects of this glycosaminoglycan.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041360104
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  • 4
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    Ground-level detection of low- and medium-frequency auroral radio emissions (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Natural radio emissions in the frequency range of several hundred kHz were detected at ground level in the auroral region during a ground-level observing program conducted near Fairbanks, Alaska in the spring of 1986 in an attempt to detect auroral cyclotron-maser-generated whistler modes. Most of the strongest emissions were observed in a small time interval around midnight magnetic local time, suggesting a close tie-in with auroral processes. The results support earlier reports of radio noise from the aurora at frequencies of about 100 kHz and indicate the importance of extending the upper frequency of ground-based high-latitude VLF stations to the vicinity of 1 MHz.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 277-283
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Formation of the wave compressional boundary in the earth's foreshock (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Using an evolutionary model and allowing for nonuniform proton injection and wave growth rates, the compressional wave boundaries corresponding to IMF inclinations to the solar wind of theta(BV) equal to 45 and 25 deg were located. The compressional boundaries deduced from this model were found to support the results of Greenstadt and Baum (1986) who have concluded that the observed compressional boundaries are incompatible with wave growth at a fixed growth rate, due to the interaction of a uniform beam with the solar wind. The results indicate, however, that the compressional boundaries are quite compatible with nonuniform beams and growth rates which result from the coupled evolution of the energetic protons and the waves with which they interact. It was found that, in the solar wind frame, the dominant wave-particle interaction in the outer foreshock is the damping of inward propagating (toward the shock) left-polarized waves, producing a magnetically quiet region immediately downstream of the foreshock boundary.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 11354-11
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Infrared radiation models for atmospheric ozone (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A hierarchy of line-by-line, narrow-band, and broadband infrared radiation models are discussed for ozone, a radiatively important atmospheric trace gas. It is shown that the narrow-band (Malkmus) model is in near-precise agreement with the line-by-line model, thus providing a means of testing narrow-band Curtis-Godson scaling, and it is found that this scaling procedure leads to errors in atmospheric fluxes of up to 10 percent. Moreover, this is a direct consequence of the altitude dependence of the ozone mixing ratio. Somewhat greater flux errors arise with use of the broadband model, due to both a lesser accuracy of the broadband scaling procedure and to inherent errors within the broadband model, despite the fact that this model has been tuned to the line-by-line model.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 7047-705
    Format: text
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