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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 49 (1988), S. 75-82 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphid-resistance ; lucerne ; alfalfa ; Medicago sativa ; spotted alfalfa aphid ; Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata ; antibiosis ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In autumn 1981 there were widespread reports of a reduced level of antibiosis in lucerne crops and field trials where cultivars selected for resistance to the aphid, Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata, had been used. On our field trial, the plot of ‘CUF 101’ lucerne was infested to a level about 40% of that on the aphid-susceptible ‘Hunter River’, compared with an average of about 3% over the two years before and the two years after. An experimental study of possible causes using a bioassay technique on cloned plants representing the spectrum of resistance in CUF 101 indicated that loss of resistance was temporary and occurred apparently randomly among the tests, but that certain treatments increase the frequency of its occurrence. Lowered temperatures and the use of either young regrowth or senescent lucerne, each increased the frequency of loss of resistance. Inundation of lucerne by large numbers of aphids did not affect the expression of resistance directly, but the few progeny that survived to adulthood on partly-resistance lucerne were habituated and were then able to interact with the plants to increase the apparent frequency of breakdown of resistance. Plants which showed the loss of resistance developed aphid populations between 4x ad 25x those when they expressed their normal resistance level. Investigations suggest that the situation in autumn 1981 may have been the result of a prolonged and massive immigration of aphids into lucerne crops, which, on the aphid resistant cultivars allowed surviving aphids to exploit maximally the combined effects of factors causing some loss of resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: feeding stimulants ; soybean ; Mexican bean beetle ; Epilachna varivestis ; relative growth rate ; relative consumption rate ; feeding preference ; sulfur dioxide ; soluble carobhydrate ; soluble protein ; glutathione ; plant stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les taux de consommation relative (RCR) et de croissance relative (RGR) sont significativement supérieurs chez les larves d'E. varivestis après fumigation des feuilles de soja par SO2. L'étude de la relation entre RCR et RGR a révélé que les insectes se sont développés davantage, avant tout parce qu'ils ont consommé plus, et non pas par modification de la valeur nutritive des tissus de l'hôte. La teneur en carbohydrates solubles des feuilles traitées au glutathion on ayant subi une fumigation était bien supérieure à celle des témoins; les concentrations de sucrose, fructose et glucose, principaux phagostimulants de cet insecte avaient augmenté de 40 à 50%; la teneur en protéine soluble était inchangée (cas de la fumigation) ou significativement réduite (cas des feuilles traitées au glutathion). Des expériences de choix avec des disques de papier filtre ont montré que les insectes pouvaient distinguer nettement des différences de concentration en sucres, du même ordre d'importance que celles provoquées par le polluant, et y répondre. Ainsi, la cause primaire par laquelle SO2 augmente les performances d'E. varivestis sur soja semble être l'augmentation de la concentration foliaire en sucres stimulateurs, ce qui serait, au moins en partie, la conséquence de l'interférence du polluant avec la charge du phloème et le transfert du sucre à partir des feuilles atteintes.
    Notes: Abstract Relative consumption rate (RCR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were significantly higher for larvae of the Mexican bean beetle fed leaves from plants fumigated with SO2. The insects grew faster primarily because they ate faster, rather than as a result of change in nutritional value of affected host tissue. Soluble carbohydrate content of fumigated or glutathione-treated leaves was much higher than that of corresponding control leaves, and concentrations of sucrose, fructose, and glucose, major feeding stimulants for this insect, were increased 40–50% by the treatments; soluble protein was unchanged (fumigated leaves) or significantly lower (glutathione-treated leaves) than controls. Feeding choice assays using filter-paper discs demonstrated that the beetles can discriminate clearly and respond to differences in sugar content of the magnitude produced by exposure to the pollutant. Thus, the primary mechanism by which SO2 increases performance of Mexican bean beetle on soybean appears to be increase in foliar concentration of stimulatory sugars, which, at least in part, would be a consequence of the pollutant interfering with phloem loading and translocation of sugar from affected leaves.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports studies of the reactions γp→ρ π π πp and γp→ρ ρ πp. In particular a peak is reported in the ρ ρ π mass spectrum with closely similar mass and width to those of the ω ρ π peak previously reported in the reaction γp→ω ρ πp. The ratio of production cross sections is found to be ρ ρ π/ω ρ π=0.96±0.19, in serious disagreement with the expectation from Vector Meson Dominance. A possible explanation is indicated.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS):65N30 ; CR: G1.8
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Adding to the classical Hellinger Reissner formulation another residual form of the equilibrium equation, a new Petrov-Galerkin finite element method is derived. It fits within the framework of a mixed finite element method and is proved to be stable for rather general combinations of stress and displacement interpolations, including equal-order discontinuous stress and continuous displacement interpolations which are unstable within the Galerkin approach. Error estimates are presented using the Babuška-Brezzi theory and numerical results confirm these estimates as well as the good accuracy and stability of the method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Zeitschrift 199 (1988), S. 133-151 
    ISSN: 1432-1823
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 282 (1988), S. 535-544 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Few body systems 4 (1988), S. 53-53 
    ISSN: 1432-5411
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-5411
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We point out that there is an error in a recent paper by Strobel and Hughes that invalidates the authors' arguments unless the centre-of-mass frame is chosen. An analogical error appears also in an earlier paper by Barut and Strobel. It concerns the problem of two as well as of three Dirac particles.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Growth of Escherichia coli in chloridefree medium in batch culture is inhibited completely at concentrations of AgNO3 greater than 2.5x10-6 M. Incubation of non-growing cells in HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) at increasing levels of Ag+ results in the progressive saturation of two types of binding site. At one site, the Ag+ is not released by washing with 0.1 M nitric acid, and is probably intracellular. Silver bound to the second site is released by acid-washing, but not by buffer washing, and is assumed to be surface-bound. The amounts of Ag+ taken up from solution at the two sites is 1.6x10-7 and 4.6x10-7 mol (mg dry weight)-1, respectively. Total accumulation of silver is 67 mg (g dry weight)-1, similar to literature values found for silver-resistant bacteria. Binding of Ag+ at intracellular sites (observed at low [Ag+]) appears to be independent of pH. Addition of AgNO3 to growing cells in mid-exponential phase of growth in concentrations that will inhibit growth results in substantially decreased accumulation of silver. Growth yield in chemostat culture is diminished in the presence of added Ag+, but this effect is moderated by added Cu2+, which may protect copper sites from Ag+ or compete with Ag+ for other sites at which Ag+ exerts toxic effects. Very small amounts of Cu2+ are found in cell samples from the chemostat compared to the substantial amounts of Ag+ taken up, but uptake of Cu2+ is decreased at higher [Ag+]/[Cu2+]ratios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 79 (1988), S. 53-57 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to test the hypothesis that mitochondrial myopathy may be caused by mutation of the mitochondrial (mt) genome, restriction fragment length polymorphism in leucocyte mt DNA has been studied in 38 patients with mitochondrial myopathy, 44 of their unaffected matrilineal relatives, and 35 normal control subjects. Previously unreported mt DNA polymorphisms were identified in both patients and controls. No differences in restriction fragment patterns were observed between affected and unaffected individuals in the same maternal line, and there was no evidence of major deletion of mt DNA in patients. This study provides no positive evidence of mitochondrial inheritance in mitochondrial myopathy, but this has not been excluded.
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