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  • Articles  (5)
  • American Physical Society  (2)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (1)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1988  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 2257-2270 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have studied the structure of a monolayer of C21H43OH on water, in the region near close packing, by grazing incidence in-plane x-ray diffraction. For all temperatures studied the isotherms in the πa plane show a kink, signaling a phase transition. Along an isotherm, and for pressures above the kink, we observe that the transverse structure factor has one peak which has constant position, width, and intensity; below the kink the diffraction peak shifts to smaller scattering vector (larger separation) and the amplitude decays as the surface pressure decreases, but the width of the peak remains constant. We rationalize these observations in terms of the influence on the transverse structure factor of gauche configurations in the amphiphile tails, with the kink representing the point at which the last of the gauche configurations is squeezed out of the chain. Along an isobar which is at higher pressure than the kink pressures of all isotherms crossed, the transverse structure factor has a single peak above a transition temperature and two peaks below that temperature; for π=30 dyn/cm the transition temperature is in the range 16.3〈T〈21.3 °C. We interpret this observation, by comparison with the properties of the lamellar crystalline n-paraffins, as a hexagonal-to-pseudohexagonal structural transition analogous to the crystal rotator II-to-rotator I transition. Our results imply that the hydrocarbon tails of the amphiphile molecules dominate the properties of the monolayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on Systems of Salts and Mixed Solvents. XXXIV. 27Al and 1H N.M.R. Spectroscopic Investigations of AlCl3-Water-N,N-Dimethylformamide SolutionsAl3+ ions exist in aqueous solutions as well as in DMF solutions in a sixfold coordination; the coordination of DMF exclusively occurs via the oxygen atom. Because of the small shift difference between the pure aqueous and the pure DMF solution at the 27Al n.m.r. spectra no separated signals were found corresponding to the species with mixed coordination. From the changes of the Al chemical shifts and of the linewidths in dependence of the solvent composition a selective solvation process is suggested. At the 1H n.m.r. spectra for the formyl and methyl protons of DMF separated signals appear for the molecules of the first coordination sphere and of the bulk, respectively. From this the number of directly coordinated DMF molecules can be determined. Up to a DMF content of about x = 0.45 DMF is preferentially coordinated, after that a change of selectivity takes place and accordingly water is preferred at the first coordination sphere.
    Notes: Al3+-Ionen werden sowohl in wäßrigen als auch in DMF-Lösungen sechsfach koordiniert, die Koordination des DMF erfolgt über Sauerstoff. Wegen der geringen Verschiebungsdifferenz zwischen der reinen wäßrigen und der reinen DMF-Lösung treten in den 27Al-NMR-Spektren mit gemischtem Lösungsmittel keine getrennten Signale für gemischt-koordinierte Spezies auf. Aus den Änderungen der Al-chemischen Verschiebung und der Halbwertsbreite der Signale in Abhängigkeit von der Lösungsmittelzusammensetzung werden Hinweise auf eine selektive Solvatation erhalten. In den 1H-NMR-Spektren erscheinen für die Formyl- und Methylprotonen des DMF getrennte Signale für die Moleküle in der ersten Koordinationssphäre und die des restlichen Lösungsmittels. Daraus läßt sich die Anzahl der direkt koordinierten DMF-Moleküle ermitteln. Bis zu einem DMF-Gehalt von x s≈ 0,45 wird bevorzugt DMF koordiniert, danach tritt ein Selektivitätswechsel auf, so daß bevorzugt Wasser koordiniert wird.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on Systems of Salts and Mixed Solvents. XXXVI. 1H and 27Al N.M.R. Spectroscopic Investigations of the Solvation Behaviour in Concentrated AlCl3-Water-Alcohol Solutions1H. n.m.r. spectroscopic investigations in dependence on the solvent composition and the salt concentration are useful for the characterization of solvation processes in concentrated solutions of AlCl3-water-methanol, -ethanol, -ethylene glycol, and -diethylene glycol. In these systems water is preferentially coordinated at the first coordination sphere of the Al3+ ion within the whole region of the solvent composition.The nature of the solvation species has been investigated using 27Al n.m.r. spectroscopy. In order to reduce the „solid-type“ interactions in the concentrated solutions the Magic Angle Spinning method (MAS) was used. Particularly water-poor and water-free solutions produce structured 27Al-Mas-signals. For the system AlCl3-water-ethanol an identification of solvation species is given.
    Notes: Durch 1H-NMR-Untersuchungen in Abhängigkeit von der Lösungsmittel-zusammensetzung und der Salzkonzentration werden Solvatationsprozesse in konzentrierten Lösungen von AlCl3-Wasser-Methanol, -Ethanol, -Ethylenglycol und -Diethylenglycol näher charakterisiert. Es wird jeweils eine bevorzugte Solvatation des Al3+-Ions durch Wasser über den gesamten Zusammensetzungsbereich der Lösungsmittel festgestellt.27Al-NMR-Untersuchungen dienen zur Identifizierung von Solvatationsspezies. Zur Reduzierung der festkörperähnlichen Wechselwirkungen in den konzentrierten Elektrolytlösungen wurde die Methode der schnellen Probenrotation um den „magischen“ Winkel (MAS) eingesetzt. Insbesondere wasserarme und wasserfreie Lösungen der Systeme zeigen strukturierte 27Al-MAS-Signale. Im System AlCl3-Wasser-Ethanol wird eine Identifizierung von Solvatationsspezies vorgenommen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1988-04-15
    Print ISSN: 0163-1829
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0163-1829
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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