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  • Animals  (54)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (54)
  • 1985-1989  (54)
  • 1988  (54)
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Keywords
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (54)
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  • 1985-1989  (54)
Year
  • 1
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    Mesoderm induction in amphibians: the role of TGF-beta 2-like factors (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-12
    Description: Mesoderm induction in the amphibian embryo can be studied by exposing animal region explants (destined to become ectoderm) to appropriate stimuli and assaying the appearance of mesodermal products like alpha-actin messenger RNA. Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta 2), but not TGF-beta 1, was active in alpha-actin induction, while addition of fibroblast growth factor had a small synergistic effect. Medium conditioned by Xenopus XTC cells (XTC-CM), known to have powerful mesoderm-inducing activity, was shown to contain TGF-beta-like activity as measured by a radioreceptor binding assay, colony formation in NRK cells, and growth inhibition in CCL64 cells. The activity of XTC-CM in mesoderm induction and in growth inhibition of CCL64 cells was inhibited partially by antibodies to TGF-beta 2 but not by antibodies to TGF-beta 1. Thus, a TGF-beta 2-like molecule may be involved in mesoderm induction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosa, F -- Roberts, A B -- Danielpour, D -- Dart, L L -- Sporn, M B -- Dawid, I B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 12;239(4841 Pt 1):783-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3422517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Amphibians/*embryology ; Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Mesoderm/*physiology ; Peptides/pharmacology/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Carboxyl terminal domain of Gs alpha specifies coupling of receptors to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-22
    Description: The alpha subunits of Gs and Gi link different sets of hormone receptors to stimulation and inhibition, respectively, of adenylyl cyclase. A chimeric alpha i/alpha s cDNA was constructed that encodes a polypeptide composed of the amino terminal 60% of an alpha i chain and the carboxyl terminal 40% of alpha s. The cDNA was introduced via a retroviral vector into S49 cyc- cells, which lack endogenous alpha s. Although less than half of the hybrid alpha chain is derived from alpha s, its ability to mediate beta-adrenoceptor stimulation of adenylyl cyclase matched that of the normal alpha s polypeptide expressed from the same retroviral vector in cyc- cells. This result indicates that carboxyl terminal amino acid sequences of alpha s contain the structural features that are required for specificity of interactions with the effector enzyme, adenylyl cyclase, as well as with the hormone receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masters, S B -- Sullivan, K A -- Miller, R T -- Beiderman, B -- Lopez, N G -- Ramachandran, J -- Bourne, H R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 22;241(4864):448-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2899356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cholera Toxin/pharmacology ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Guanosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Mice ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins ; Somatostatin/pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Estrogen binding, receptor mRNA, and biologic response in osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-01
    Description: High specific activity estradiol labeled with iodine-125 was used to detect approximately 200 saturable, high-affinity (dissociation constant approximately equal to 1.0 nM) nuclear binding sites in rat (ROS 17/2.8) and human (HOS TE85) clonal osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. Of the steroids tested, only testosterone exhibited significant cross-reactivity with estrogen binding. RNA blot analysis with a complementary DNA probe to the human estrogen receptor revealed putative receptor transcripts of 6 to 6.2 kilobases in both rat and human osteosarcoma cells. Type I procollagen and transforming growth factor-beta messenger RNA levels were enhanced in cultured human osteoblast-like cells treated with 1 nM estradiol. Thus, estrogen can act directly on osteoblasts by a receptor-mediated mechanism and thereby modulate the extracellular matrix and other proteins involved in the maintenance of skeletal mineralization and remodeling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Komm, B S -- Terpening, C M -- Benz, D J -- Graeme, K A -- Gallegos, A -- Korc, M -- Greene, G L -- O'Malley, B W -- Haussler, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 1;241(4861):81-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson 85724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3164526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; Estradiol/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Osteoblasts/drug effects/*metabolism ; Osteosarcoma/*metabolism ; Peptides/genetics ; Procollagen/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Grafting genetically modified cells to the damaged brain: restorative effects of NGF expression (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: Fibroblasts were genetically modified to secrete nerve growth factor (NGF) by infection with a retroviral vector and then implanted into the brains of rats that had surgical lesions of the fimbria-fornix. The grafted cells survived and produced sufficient NGF to prevent the degeneration of cholinergic neurons that would die without treatment. In addition, the protected cholinergic cells sprouted axons that projected in the direction of the cellular source of NGF. These results indicate that a combination of gene transfer and intracerebral grafting may provide an effective treatment for some disorders of the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, M B -- Friedmann, T -- Robertson, R C -- Tuszynski, M -- Wolff, J A -- Breakefield, X O -- Gage, F H -- AG06088/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HD20034/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS24279/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1575-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/cytology/enzymology/*pathology ; Cell Survival ; DNA/genetics ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/*transplantation ; Genetic Vectors ; Histocytochemistry ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Hair cell regeneration after acoustic trauma in adult Coturnix quail (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: Recovery of hair cells was studied at various times after acoustic trauma in adult quail. An initial loss of hair cells recovered to within 5 percent of the original number of cells. Tritium-labeled thymidine was injected after this acoustic trauma to determine if mitosis played a role in recovery of hair cells. Within 10 days of acoustic trauma, incorporation of [3H]thymidine was seen over the nuclei of hair cells and supporting cells in the region of initial hair cell loss. Thus, hair cell regeneration can occur after embryonic terminal mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryals, B M -- Rubel, E W -- NS24522/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Audiology and Speech Pathology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Cell Division ; Coturnix ; DNA Replication ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*cytology/physiology ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Molecular crowding on the cell surface (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: Strong steric interactions among proteins on crowded living cell surfaces were revealed by measurements of the equilibrium spatial distributions of proteins in applied potential gradients. The fraction of accessible surface occupied by mobile surface proteins can be accurately represented by including steric exclusion in the statistical thermodynamic analysis of the data. The analyses revealed enhanced, concentration-dependent activity coefficients, implying unanticipated thermodynamic activity even at typical cell surface receptor concentrations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryan, T A -- Myers, J -- Holowka, D -- Baird, B -- Webb, W W -- AI18306/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI22449/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM33028/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 1;239(4835):61-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2962287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/*physiology ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Fc/physiology ; Receptors, IgE ; Thermodynamics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Immunotherapy of the nonobese diabetic mouse: treatment with an antibody to T-helper lymphocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Spontaneous diabetes mellitus was blocked in nonobese diabetic mice by treatment with a monoclonal antibody against the L3T4 determinant present on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes. Sustained treatment with the monoclonal antibody led to cessation of the lymphocytic infiltration associated with the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. Moreover, the mice remained normoglycemic after the antibody therapy was stopped. These studies indicate that immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies to the lymphocyte subset may not only halt the progression of diabetes, but may lead to long-term reversal of the disease after therapy has ended.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shizuru, J A -- Taylor-Edwards, C -- Banks, B A -- Gregory, A K -- Fathman, C G -- AI11313/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK39959/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2966437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Cyclosporins/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology/*therapy ; Female ; *Immunotherapy ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology ; Lymphocytes/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Vasopressin mRNA in the suprachiasmatic nuclei: daily regulation of polyadenylate tail length (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-15
    Description: Daily variation has been found in the length of the polyadenylate tail attached to vasopressin messenger RNA in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, which is the location of an endogenous circadian pacemaker in mammals. No such variation was found in the supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei. This variation in the length of the polyadenylate tail may underlie the circadian rhythm of vasopressin peptide levels in cerebrospinal fluid and is a unique example of a daily rhythm in messenger RNA structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robinson, B G -- Frim, D M -- Schwartz, W J -- Majzoub, J A -- 1P50HL36568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01NS24542/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3388044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/*physiology ; Biological Clocks ; Circadian Rhythm ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Poly A/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/*physiology ; Rats ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Modulation of acetylcholine receptor desensitization by forskolin is independent of cAMP (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: Biochemical and electrophysiological studies suggest that adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel is functionally significant because it modifies the receptor's rate of desensitization to acetylcholine. In studies that support this conclusion researchers have used forskolin to stimulate cAMP-dependent phosphorylation in intact muscle. It is now shown that although forskolin facilitated desensitization in voltage-clamped rat muscle, this effect was not correlated with the abilities of forskolin and forskolin analogs to activate adenylate cyclase or phosphorylate the receptor. Furthermore, elevation of intracellular cAMP or addition of the catalytic subunit of A-kinase failed to alter desensitization. Therefore, in intact skeletal muscle, cAMP-dependent phosphorylation does not modulate desensitization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagoner, P K -- Pallotta, B S -- GM32211/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1655-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Glaxo Research Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2454507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Colforsin/*pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Kinetics ; Muscles/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/drug effects/*physiology ; Torpedo/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Aggregation of lysine-containing zeins into protein bodies in Xenopus oocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Zeins, the storage proteins of maize, are totally lacking in the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. Lysine codons and lysine- and tryptophan-encoding oligonucleotides were introduced at several positions into a 19-kilodalton zein complementary DNA by oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis. A 450-base pair open reading frame from a simian virus 40 (SV40) coat protein was also engineered into the zein coding region. Messenger RNAs for the modified zeins were synthesized in vitro with an SP6 RNA polymerase system and injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The modifications did not affect the translation, signal peptide cleavage, or stability of the zeins. The ability of the modified zeins to assemble into structures similar to maize protein bodies was assayed by two criteria: assembly into membrane-bound vesicles resistant to exogenously added protease, and ability to self-aggregate into dense structures. All of the modified zeins were membrane-bound; only the one containing a 17-kilodalton SV40 protein fragment was unable to aggregate. These findings suggest that it may be possible to create high-lysine corn by genetic engineering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, J C -- Galili, G -- Kawata, E E -- Cuellar, R E -- Shotwell, M A -- Larkins, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):662-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2834822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; *Lysine/genetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; Xenopus laevis ; Zea mays ; Zein/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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