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  • Chemical Engineering  (96)
  • Aerodynamics
  • GENERAL
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Physics
  • SPACE SCIENCES
  • 1985-1989  (125)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1955-1959
  • 1988  (125)
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  • 1985-1989  (125)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 9 (1988), S. 139-143 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of filler content and applied electrical field on the electrical resistivity of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) filled with aluminum particles was investigated. The resistivity of such composite suddenly decreases by several orders of magnitude at a critical volume concentration φc. In addition, for filler contents lower than φc, the PMMA/Al composite undergoes a transition from a high to a low resistance material in correspondence of a critical value of the external applied electrical field. This value has been related to thermal breakdown occurring in the regions between conductive particles. Moreover, the permittivity spectrum as a function of frequency is reported for composites of several filler contents, and the Lal and Parshad law was used to correlate the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 17-24 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reaction schemes for the thermal cracking of paraffins, naphthenes, olefins, and aromatics, and the associated rate equations, are generated by an algorithm based upon Boolean relation matrices. In order to reduce calculation times for the heavier components, a self-learning system is introduced. This self-learning system avoids repetition of identical calculations by recognizing intermediate species, for which the reaction schemes have already been generated. The software includes routines for standardizing the representation of the species, an information retrieval system, and libraries containing the necessary information for recognition of the species and the reaction schemes for these species.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1931-1936 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 283-292 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hydrodynamics of a pilot plant multistage mixer column extractor was studied for the toluene/water physically equilibrated system. The effects of rotational speed, and continuous and dispersed phase flow rates were investigated under a variety of operating conditions. Dispersed phase axial holdup profiles, determined by a noninvasive ultrasonic method, showed a strong nonuniformity. Depending on the operating conditons, holdup profiles can change from a concave shape to a sigmoidal form with a maximum in the bottom of the column. Sauter mean diameter and drop size distribution profiles are strongly affected by rotational speed. Significant, but weaker, are the effects of continuous and dispersed phase flow rates. Continuous monitoring of the holdup profile in the proximity of flooding leads to the formulation of proper criteria for the prediction of flooding. These criteria are appropriate for models allowing for axial variation of the holdup along the contactor.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 170-170 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: It is possible to obtain silicas with different textural characteristics from natural silicates by means of an acid treatment, where the textural characteristics of the new silicas obtained are greatly influenced by the reaction conditions. The mechanodynamical behavior of compounds filled with these silicas and based on Styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR) matrices was studied. The influence of the textural characteristics on dynamic properties is explained in terms of the stiffness, porosity, and structure of the silica particles. Silicas obtained at drastic reaction conditions yield compounds with a higher storage modulus, E′, at low strain amplitudes, but with a lower storage modulus at high strain amplitudes. The maximum loss factor, tanδ, is a function of the silica external surface area.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 562 (1988), S. 123-130 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ag2PdCl4, Crystal Structure and the Crystal Chemical Relation to the NaCl TypeAg2PdCl4 single crystals show orthorhombic symmetry with the space group Cmca (No. 64) and the lattice parameters a = 10.088(2), b = 8.051(5), c = 8.078(2) å, with 4 formular units per unit cell. The atomic arrangement of Ag2PdCl4 is explored by X-ray crystal structure analysis.Silver shows a distorted octahedral arrangement of chlorine atoms. Palladium forms typical, approximately square-planar PdCl4 groups. Ag2PdCl4 is a new variant of a partially occupied sodium chloride structure type.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur von Ag2PdCl4 wurde mit röntgenographischen Methoden an Einkristallen ermittelt. Ag2PdCl4 kristallisiert mit orthorhombischer Symmetrie: Cmca (No. 64), a = 10,088(2), b = 8,051(5), c = 8,078(2) å mit 4 Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle.Silber besitzt eine verzerrt oktaedrische Chlor-Nachbarschaft, während das Palladium annähernd quadratisch planare PdCl4-Gruppen bildet. Ag2PdCl4 stellt eine neue Variante einer teilbesetzten Natriumchloridstruktur dar.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 1441-1444 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zinc (II) Bis-L-pyroglutamate through Cyclization of L-Glutamic Acids in the Presence of Zinc OxideFrom aqueous solutions of Zn(NO3)2 and two mol-equivalents of potassium L-hydrogenglutamate K(L-GluH) the water-insoluble zinc bis-L-hydrogenglutamate Zn(L-GluH)2 is precipitated as pentahydrate. Heating of aqueous solutions of L-glutamic acid in the presence of ZnO, however, affords the isomeric zinc bis-L-pyroglutamate dihydrate Zn(L-pGlu)2(H2O)2. This unexpected cyclization is easily recognized in the NMR spectra. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of the product shows discrete molecules of crystallographic C2 symmetry with tetracoordinate zinc atoms surrounded by two water molecules [Zn—O4 = 1.988(2) Å] and two L-pyroglutamate anions [each connected through one of the carboxylate oxygen atoms at a distance Zn—O1 = 1.929(1) Å]. The molecules are linked by a network of hydrogen bonds, where, except for O1, all oxygen atoms and the NH group are involved.
    Notes: Aus wäßrigen Lösungen von Zn(NO3)2 und zwei Moläquivalenten Kalium-(L-hydrogenglutamat K(L-GluH) entsteht Zink-bis-L-hydrogenglutamat Zn(L-GuH)2 als in Wasser schwerlösliches Pentahydrat. Beim Erhitzen von ZnO mit der entsprechenden Menge L-Glutaminsäure bildet sich dagegen das isomere Zink-bis-L-pyroglutamat-dihydrat Zn(L-pGlu)2(H2O)2. Diese unerwartet leichte Cyclisierungsreaktion ist in den NMR-Spektren erkennbar. Die Kristallstrukturanalyse durch Röntgenbeugung zeigt diskrete Moleküle mit kristallographischer C2-Symmetrie, in denen vierfach koordiniertes Zink von zwei Wassermolekülen [Zn—O4 = 1.988(2) Å] und zwei Pyroglutamat-Anionen [mit Kontakten zu je einem Carboxylat-Sauerstoffatom Zn—O1 = 1.929(1) Å] gebunden ist. Die Moleküle sind über zahlreiche Wasserstoffbrücken miteinander verknüpft, an denen mit Ausnahme von O1 alle Sauerstoffatome (O2, O3, O4) und die NH-Gruppe beteiligt sind.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 561-563 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Bis(η5-cylopentadienyl)(1,2,3-triphenyltriphosphane-1,3-diyl)zirconium(IV) and -hafnium(IV), (M = Zr, Hf), and Structure of the Hafnocene DerivativeThe reaction of [MCp2Cl2] (M = Zr, Hf; Cp = η5-C5H5) with [LiPHPh · 2 THF] and of [ZrCp2Me2] with PH2Ph leads to (1a, M = Zr; 1b, M = Hf). The crystal structure of 1b shows that only one diastereomer is present [(R) at P(1), (S) at P(3)] and that the HfP3 metallacycle is virtually coplanar.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Characterization of (C5H5)3M3(CO)6As and (C5H5)2M2(CO)4As2 and Derivatives of the Arsanetriyl TetrahedraneThe cluster compounds (C5H5)2M2(CO)4As2 (2a: M = Mo, 2b: M = W) and (C5H5)3M3(CO)6As (3a, b) have been prepared from the dinuclear complexes (C5H5)2M2(CO)6 (1) and metallic arsenic in a surprisingly simple reaction. The new compounds 3a and 3b were the only missing members in the homologous series AsnM4-n (n = 1-4). In the species 3 arsenic utilizes only three of its five valence electrons; therefore, electrophilic reactions at the arsenic atom have been found with (C5H5)Mn(CO)2THF and M(CO)5-THF (M = Cr, Mo, W) yielding (C5H5)3Mo3(CO)6AsMn(C5H5-(CO)2 (9a) and (C5H5)3Mo3(CO)6AsM(CO)5 (7a-c). Compounds 3 are ideal starting materials for the synthesis of other tetrahedrane species with arsenic. So cluster building blocks can be exchanged for Fe(CO)5 with formation of [(C5H5)Mo(CO)2Fe2-(CO)6(μ-H)]As[Mo (C5H5)(CO)3] (10) and for Fe2(CO)9 yielding [(C5H5)Mo(CO)]2 (μ-CO)3[Fe(CO)2][μ3-AsMo(C5H5)(CO)3] (11). Compound 2a surprisingly reacts with the phosphorus ylide H2C=P(C6H5)3 with opening of the tetrahedrane framework and affording the chiral spirocluster [(C5H5)2 Mo2(CO)4(μ-H)]As[(C5H5)Mo(CO)2(CHP(C6H5)3] (12). The compounds are confirmed inter alia by X-ray structure analyses of 3a, 10, 11, and 12. In addition [(C5H5Mn(CO)2] 2As2[(C5H5)Mn(CO)2]2 (8a), the addition product of 2a and (C5H5)Mn(CO)2THF, has been prepared and characterized by means of X-ray structure analysis.
    Notes: Die Clusterverbindungen (C5H5)2M2(CO)4As2 (2a: M = Mo, 2b: M = W) und (C5H5)3M3(CO)6As (3a, b) wurden aus den Zweikernkomplexen (C5H5)2M2(CO)6 (1) und elementarem Arsen in einer erstaunlich einfachen Reaktion und in guten Ausbeuten hergestellt. Die neuen Spezies 3a und 3b waren die einzigen fehlenden Glieder in der Reihe AsnM4-n (n = 1-4). In 3 betätigt Arsen nur drei seiner fünf Valenzelektronen; entsprechend wurde die elektrophile Addition von (C5H5)Mn(CO)2THF und M(CO)5THF (M = Cr, Mo, W) unter Bildung von (C5H5)3Mo3(CO)6AsMn-(C5H5)(CO)2 (9a) und (C5H5)3Mo3(CO)6AsM(CO)5 (7a-c) beobachtet. Die Verbindungen 3 erweisen sich als ideale Ausgangsmaterialien für die Synthese anderer Arsen-haltiger Metallatetrahedran-Spezies. So können Clusterbausteine mit Fe(CO)5 unter Bildung von [(C5H5)Mo(CO)2Fe2(CO)6(μ-H)]As[Mo(C5H5)(CO)3] (10) und mit Fe2(CO)9 unter Bildung von [CpMo(CO)]2(μ-CO)3-[Fe(CO)2][μ3-AsMoCp(CO)3] (11)ausgetauscht werden. 2a reagiert überraschenderweise auch mit dem Phosphorylid H2C=P(C6H5)3 unter Öffnung des Gerüsts, man erhält den chiralen Spirocluster [(C5H5)2)Mo2(CO)4(μ-H)]As[(C5 H5)Mo(CO)2(CHP)-(C6H5)3] (12). Die Verbindungen werden unter anderem auch durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse an 3a, 10, 11 und 12 abgesichert. Zusätzlich wurde das Additionsprodukt von (C5H5)Mn(CO)2THF an 2a, [(C5H5)Mo(CO)2] 2As2[(C5H5)Mn(CO)2]2 (8a), hergestellt und mittels Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert.
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