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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (7)
  • Cambridge University Press  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
  • 1988  (9)
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  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1955-1959
  • 1935-1939
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 689-699 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloaddition Reactions of Heterocumulenes, XXIX.  -  Reactions of Thioketenes with IsocyanatesThe [2 + 2] cycloaddition of thioketenes 1a-f to isocyanates 2a-f yields 4-thioxo-2-azetidinones 3 as main products, which may isomerize to 4-imino-2-thietanones 5. In competing reactions, 2,4-azetidinediones 8, N-sulfonylamides 9, and 3H-1,2,4-dithiazoles 15 are formed. Thioketenes 1 react with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (20b) to give N-unsubstituted 4-thioxo-2-azetidinones 22. Depending on the thioketene 1 and the reaction conditions, compounds 23-26 also result. The constitutions of 15b and 23a were determined by X-ray structural analyses.
    Notes: Die [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition der Thioketene 1a-f an die Isocyanate 2a-f liefert als Hauptprodukt 4-Thioxo-azetidinone 3, die sich zu 4-Imino-2-thietanonen 5 isomerisieren können. In Konkurrenzreaktionen werden 2,4-Azetidindione 8, N-Sulfonylamide 9 und 3H-1,2,4-Dithiazole 15 gebildet. Mit Chlorsulfonylisocyanat (20b) reagieren die Thioketene 1 zu N-unsubstituierten 4-Thioxo-2-azetidinonen 22. Je nach Thioketen 1 und Reaktionsführung resultieren auch die Verbindungen 23-26. Die Konstitution von 15b und 23a wurde durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 701-707 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Reactivity of 4-Thioxo-2-azetidinonesBase-catalyzed alcoholysis of the N—S bond in N-sulfonylthioxoazetidinones 1 is a ready process; the resulting sulfonate then alkylates the liberated 2-. Alkylations of 2 under various conditions demonstrate that charge and thermodynamic control favor attack on nitrogen to give 5 rather than reaction on sulfur to give 4. Besides simple alkyl residues (4a-c, 5a-c) also functionalized alkyl (4d, e, g, m, n, o, 5d, e, g, i, m-o), aryl (5p), and acyl groups (5q) can be introduced and addition reactions (5r, s) achieved. Complex hydrides reduce the carbonyl group in 1,5 to yield 8-10, but the C=N+ unit in the salt 6a to furnish β-lactam 11. Annulation of a five-membered ring to give 12 is achieved by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of dimethyl fumarate to in-situ generated azomethine ylide 6d.
    Notes: Die basenkatalysierte Alkoholyse der N—S-Bindung in N-Sulfonyl-thioxoazetidinonen 1 tritt leicht ein; der entstehende Sulfonsäureester alkyliert dann das freigesetzte 2-. Unter verschiedenen Bedingungen durchgeführte Alkylierungsreaktionen an 2 zeigen, daß Ladungs- und thermodynamische Kontrolle den Angriff am Stickstoff zu 5 gegenüber der Reaktion am Schwefel zu 4 begünstigen. Neben einfachen Alkyl-Resten (4a-c, 5a-c) lassen sich auch funktionalisierte Alkyl-(4d, e, g, m, n, o, 5d, e, g, i, m-o), Aryl- (5p) und Acyl-Gruppen (5q) einführen sowie Additionsreaktionen (5r, s) erreichen. Komplexe Hydride reduzieren die Carbonyl-Gruppe in 1, 5 zu 8-10, aber den C=N+-Teil im Salz 6a zum β-Lactam 11. Die Anellierung eines Fünfrings zu 12 gelingt über die 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition von Fumarsäure-dimethylester an das in situ freigesetzte Azomethin-Ylid 6d.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 189 (1988), S. 911-925 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Melting, crystallization, and solution behavior of n-alkanes with fluorocarbon segments of twelve carbon atoms on one end, F(CF2)12(CH2)nH, or on both ends, F(CF2)12(CH2)n(CF2)12F were investigated by DSC, MAS 13C NMR, light scattering, and birefringence studies. Both triblock F(CF2)m(CH2)n(CF2)mF and diblock F(CF2)12(CH2)nH compounds with 4 ≦ n ≦ 14 melt by a two-step process. In the first step, the alkyl segment conformations gain nearly liquid like trans/ gauche ratios, while the perfluorinated segments remain ordered. “Gels” which incorporate the entire solvent are formed by crystallization from even dilute solutions of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon solvents. The gels are built up of extremely long, interdigitated needles of the pure solute. Due to the bilayer structures and different degrees of ordering of the hydrocarbon and the fluorocarbon segments, the crystals grow preferentially in the direction parallel to the lamellar surface. Light scattering experiments in octane demonstrated the formation of micelle type associates.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1213-1233 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a general hierarchical formulation applicable to both elliptic and hyperbolic problems. Static and eigenvalue linear elastic problems as well as convection-diffusion problems are studied. The hierarchical formulation is well suited for adaptive procedures.For the convection-diffusion problem the hierarchical approximation is made in time only. Different hierarchical functions are proposed for different types of problems. Both weighted residual and least-squares formulations are applied. A combination of these two gives a penalty method with a constraint equation corresponding to the least-squares method. A whole class of time integration formulae is obtained. These are all suitable for adaptive procedures owing to the hierarchical approximation in the time domain. If a linear discontinuous hierarchical base function is used in the Galerkin weak formulation, the method so obtained corresponds to the discontinuous Galerkin method in time and is especially suited for convection dominated problems. The streamline-diffusion method is found to be the aforementioned penalty method.This paper also examines the sequence of nested equation systems that results from a hierarchical finite element formulation. Properties of these systems arising from static problems are investigated. The paper presents some new possibilities for iterative solution of hierarchic element equations, and different procedures are compared in a numerical example. Finally, a simple ID convection-diffusion problem clearly shows that the proposed hierarchical formulation in time gives a stable and accurate solution even for convection dominated flow.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 453-462 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Phosphor auf die Stabilität des passiven Zustands von metallischen Gläsern basierend auf Fe und Fe-NiFür metallische Gläser basierend auf Fe und Fe-Ni wurde der Einfluß einer Substitution von B durch P untersucht. Die elektrochemischen Messungen haben gezeigt, daß der Austausch von B gegen P die Bildung von Passivschichten begünstigt und deren passiven Bereich stabilisiert. Oberflächenanalytische Untersuchungen mittels AES ergaben, daß für die auf Fe-Ni basierenden Gläser die Hauptbestandteile der Passivschicht Eisenoxide, Phosphor-Sauerstoff Spezies (meistens Phosphate) und Boroxid waren, während Nickeloxid praktisch nicht auftrat. Bezüglich der Phosphorverbindungen in der Passivschicht auf dem metallischen Substrat konnte eine gewisse Ähnlichkeit festgestellt werden mit Phosphor, der auf einer (100) orientierten Fe Einkristalloberfläche durch Segregation bei erhöhter Probentemperatur angereichert und anschließend oxidiert worden war. Darüber hinaus lassen die Ergebnisse, in Übereinstimmung mit früheren Befunden für kristallines Fe, vermuten, daß Bestandteile des Elektrolyten in den Passivfilm auf dem glasartigen Substrat inkorporiert werden.
    Notes: The effects of substituting P for B in Fe base and Fe-Ni base glasses have been investigated. The electrochemical measurements have shown that a substitution of B by P increases the ability of the alloys to passivate and stability of their passive state. Surface analysis with AES revealed that for Fe-Ni base glasses the main constituents of the passive film were: iron oxides, phosphorus-oxygen species (mostly phosphates) and boron oxide whereas Ni oxides were depleted. There was a certain similarity between the Auger spectra for phosphorus in the passive film on the glassy substrate and for segregated, and subsequently oxidized, phosphorus on a (100) oriented Fe single crystal. The results suggest, moreover, in agreement with the previous findings for crystalline Fe that the electrolyte components are incorporated into the passivating film on glassy substrates.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 9 (1988), S. 107-114 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 39 (1988), S. 661-662 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: The glacial geodetic contribution to the mass balance and dynamics of ice shelves includes repeated determinations of the absolute position (ϕ,λ,Η) of selected points (using satellite methods), the establishment of relative positions (y,x,Δh) in deformation figures, and height measurements. The results are used to establish ice-flow velocities and directions, strain and rotation rates, and changes in height. Modelling of deformation parameters at a few points over a large ice shelf is made possible by the collocation method. Results of these observations and analysis of Ekström Ice Shelf for the period 1979–87 are reported.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: The glacial geodetic contribution to the mass balance and dynamics of ice shelves includes repeated determinations of the absolute position (ϕ,λ,Η) of selected points (using satellite methods), the establishment of relative positions (y,x,Δh) in deformation figures, and height measurements. The results are used to establish ice-flow velocities and directions, strain and rotation rates, and changes in height. Modelling of deformation parameters at a few points over a large ice shelf is made possible by the collocation method. Results of these observations and analysis of Ekström Ice Shelf for the period 1979–87 are reported.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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