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Inter- and intraspecific variation in gorgonian colony morphology: quantifying branching patterns in arborescent animals (1988)

Brazeau, Daniel A. ; Lasker, Howard R.

Springer

Coral reefs 7 (1988), S. 139-143

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ISSN: 1432-0975

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Geomorphological methods for quantifying branching networks are used to describe inter- and intra-specific differences in branching patterns among two species of arborescent Caribbean gorgonian, Plexaura homomalla, P. flexuosa, and a third, undescribed plexaurid from the San Blas Islands, Panama. There were significant differences among species for first, second and third order branch lengths, and for tributary to source ratios for first and second order branches. Extrapolations from the branching parameters successfully predicted differences in the branch structure of naturally generated colony fragments. Within P. homomalla, significant differences with depth in the lengths and tributary to source ratios of first, second, and third order branches provide a measure of the greater bushiness of shallow water colonies. These measures can be used to quantify morphological differences in both ecological and systematic analyses. Data on the branching characters of these three gorgonian species demonstrate that gross colony form can be studied as a quantifiable component of phenotype and that gorgonians display both species level and ecophenotypic variation in colony form.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300973

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Cholesteryl ester handling by RAW264 macrophages: response to native and acetylated low density lipoprotein (1988)

Berg, Kelly A. ; Petty, Howard R.

Springer

Molecular and cellular biochemistry 84 (1988), S. 29-40

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ISSN: 1573-4919

Keywords: cholesteryl ester depostion ; acetyl-LDL ; LDL ; macrophage

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The effects of LDL and Ac-LDL on the growth properties, morphology, and cholesteryl ester (CE) metabolism of the RAW264 macrophage cell line have been characterized. Cells were grown in media supplemented by a defined media (DM) mixture or fetal bovine serum (FBS). The addition of LDL or Ac-LDL to the culture media did not significantly alter cell growth properties. Cytoplasmic deposition of CE was observed by fluorescence microscopy in macrophages treated with LDL or Ac-LDL but not in untreated controls. Dose-response studies have shown that cholesteryl ester (CE) can accumulate in RAW264 treated with LDL. Cellular cholesterol content saturated at 4 hours with 50 μg/ml LDL; this effect may be associated with receptor saturation. Dose-response studies conducted with Ac-LDL in DM have shown dramatic increases in total cell cholesterol content. However, deposition of CE was not observed below Ac-LDL concentrations of 100 μg/ml. This indicates that a critical concentration of Ac-LDL must be reached to trigger deposition in DM. In contrast, no critical concentration of Ac-LDL was observed in macrophages grown in medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Cholesterol esterification in response to LDL and Ac-LDL was examined by 14C-oleic acid incorporation into CE. These results confirmed the mass cellular cholesterol and CE measurements. Kinetic studies conducted with RAW264 cells treated with 50 or 100 μg/ml Ac-LDL resulted in a cholesterol efflux from the cells at 6–12 hours of incubation. Therefore, these studies show that (1) the nature of CE deposition is highly dependent upon the incubation media and (2) CE deposition is very sensitive to Ac-LDL concentration under certain conditions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235190

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