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  • bioavailability
  • Springer  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (3)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
  • 1988  (3)
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Publisher
  • Springer  (3)
Years
  • 1985-1989  (3)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 469-473 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: xamoterol ; cardiac failure ; beta1-adrenoceptor partial agonist ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of xamoterol, a β-adrenoceptor partial agonist under clinical evaluation for the treatment of mild to moderate heart failure, have been studied in 12 healthy male subjects. They received 14 mg i.v. and oral doses of 50 and 200 mg as a tablet and 200 mg as a solution in a 4 way cross-over design. After i.v. dosing the elimination half-life was 7.7 h, the total body clearance was 224 ml·min−1 and the volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) was 48 l. Sixty-two percent of the dose was recovered unchanged in urine. After oral doses, the absolute bioavailability of xamoterol was shown to be 5% irrespective of whether the dose was administered as a tablet or solution. Peak plasma concentrations occurred at about 2 h for the tablet dose and slightly earlier (1.4 h) for the solution. Peak plasma concentration, AUC and urinary recovery of unchanged drug increased in proportion to dose. The apparent elimination half-life after oral doses (16 h) was significantly longer than that observed after an intravenous dose. Despite the low bioavailability, the degree of inter-subject variability of oral bioavailability was small probably indicating that the controlling factor is the hydrophilic nature of the molecule rather than extensive first pass metabolism or poor dissolution of xamoterol from the tablet formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 21-24 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: doxazosin ; hypertension ; alpha-adrenergic blockade ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive effects and steady-state pharmacokinetics of doxazosin, as well as the bioequivalence of four dosage forms, were studied in 25 hypertensive patients. For an 8 mg daily dose mean Cmax at steady-state for all patients was 108 ng/ml; the mean tmax was 1.8 h. The mean terminal elimination half-life was 22 h. The four tablets containing 1, 2, 4, or 8 mg of doxazosin were bioequivalent in delivering the 8 mg dose. In patients with mild to moderate hypertension, 26-day treatment with doxazosin resulted in blood pressure reduction of 10/7 mm Hg in the supine and 13/18 mm Hg in the standing position. Adverse effects were generally mild and of brief duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 423-425 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ketorolac tromethamine ; non-narcotic analgesic ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine, a potent non-narcotic analgesic agent used for relief of moderate to severe pain, has been studied in 15 healthy volunteers who received single 10 mg doses intravenously (i.v.), intramuscularly (i.m.) and orally (p.o.) in a three-way cross-over design. The kinetics of i.v. ketorolac were characterized by a terminal half-life of 5.09 h, a small plasma clearance (CL = 0.35 ml·min−1·kg−1) and a small tissue distribution (Vss=0.111·kg−1, Vβ=0.17 l·kg−1; mean (SD). Following i.m. and p.o. administration, peak levels of approximately 0.8 µg/ml were rapidly attained (tmax = 0.8 and 0.9 h, respectively) and the systemic bioavailability was essentially complete.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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