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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Aflatoxin miniassay ; Fluorescence analysis ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aspergillus parasiticus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A convenient miniassay for aflatoxin has been developed for cultures ofAspergillus flavus andA. parasiticus grown for 3–10 days in 10 ml of a coconut extract medium. The sensitivity of the assay, as measured by photofluorometry (365 nm maximum excitation; 445 nm maximum emission), is of the order of 0.01 μM (3.12 ng/ml) for aflatoxin B1 dissolved in aqueous iodine (0.26 mM). High performance liquid chromatography, monitored by fluorometric analysis of both an aflatoxin B1 standard and selected culture filtrates, confirmed the sensitivity of the assay and indicated specificity for iodine-enhanced fluorescence of aflatoxin in the coconut extract medium. Thin layer chromatography further confirmed the aflatoxin titers and the specificity for enhancement of aflatoxins B1 and G1 in culture filtrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 20 (1988), S. 383-393 
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on a theoretical investigation of a novel scheme devised for a two-section single-cavity (TSSC) laser. The results of the investigation are used to demonstrate its potential as a frequency-tunable laser source. By the implementation of an appropriate electrical drive scheme the TSSC laser can be shown to exhibit a reduction in frequency chirping under direct modulation. Alternatively, by employing a different drive scheme, the device can be shown to behave as a wavelength-tunable laser. Control of the tuning range by antireflection (AR) coating of laser facets is also predicted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 1 (1988), S. 85-92 
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Low energy He+-scattering was used to simply demonstrate that the surface of a typical fused iron ammonia synthesis catalyst is largely covered by promoter oxides of calcium and/or potassium. Complementary photoemission results indicate that atomic nitrogen is deposited in the near surface region during catalyst activation in NH3/H2-mixtures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Keywords: Simulation ; service operations ; worker requirements ; queueing models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In a service operation where worker requirements have to be determined for short scheduling time periods with nonstationary customer demand, the assumptions necessary for applying steady-state solutions to elementary queueing models are usually violated. This paper describes a simulation study of the behavior of such a service operation. The results are compared with the steady-state solutions to a queueing model where individual scheduling time periods are assumed to be independent. It is found that if the system utilization is below a derived maximum value (based on a service level criterion), then the steady-state solutions are robust enough to explain the behavior of the system and can be used to schedule worker requirements.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 44 (1988), S. v 
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The planktonic ciliateLaboea strobila Lohmann sequesters photosynthetically functional chloroplasts derived from ingested algae. The chloroplasts lie free in the cytoplasm and are most abundant just under the pellicle of the ciliate. The maximum rate of photosynthesis (Pmax) was 925 pg C ciliate-1h-1 (3.7 pg C pg chl.a -1h-1). At saturating irradiance, the amount of carbon fixed h-1 equaled 12.6% of the body carbon of the ciliate. To grow,L. strobila requires both light and algal food. In the absence of food, survival ofL. strobila is significantly longer in the light than in the dark. Based on ingestion rate and photosynthetic rate, we calculate that photosynthesis can make an important contribution to this ciliate's carbon budget even when algal food is plentiful.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 77 (1988), S. 191-209 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Mylonitic gneisses of upper greenschist to middle amphibolite facies grade are exposed below the Whipple detachment fault in the Whipple Mountains metamorphic core complex. Fabric and microstructural analyses of the thick (〉3.5 km) mylonitic sequence indicate that it represents an intracrustal zone of non-coaxial laminar flow with a predominant sense of northeastward shear. The top of this shear zone is the Whipple mylonitic front, the abruptly gradational (locally within several meters) upper limit of pervasive ductile strain between a distinctive sequence of non-mylonitized crystalline rocks and their lower, mylonitized equivalents. Mylonitization of Oligo-Miocene age (26±5 Ma) is estimated to have occurred at depths of 16±4 km (4.4±1.1 kb) and at temperatures between 460–535 °C. Fission track and40Ar/39Ar age determinations from the mylonitic rocks collectively document their rapid cooling from above 450 °C to below 200 °C between 20 and 18 Ma ago. Rapid cooling is attributed to post-20 Ma uplift of mylonitic gneisses in the footwall of an evolving low-angle detachment fault system of extensional origin. The NE-rooting Whipple fault system and the mylonites are kinematically coordinated (same sense and direction of shear), but the faults of the system appear to have cut across the mylonites several million years after their formation. Lower-plate mylonites reached the earth's surface, where they were eroded, prior to 16 Ma ago. Minimum uplift rates for the mylonites and detachment fault system slip rates for the period 20−16 Ma ago are 3 and 7.2 mm/yr, respectively, assuming that the mylonites were captured at a minimum depth of 12 km by a fault system that dipped 25° through the upper crust. From available cooling data, higher rates for 20−18 Ma ago are likely. Cumulative displacement of rock units across major faults of the Whipple system appears to exceed 40–45 km.
    Abstract: Résumé Une série épaisse (〉3,5 km) de gneiss mylonitiques allant du facies supérieur des schistes verts au facies moyen des amphibolites affleure sous la faille de décollement de Whipple dans le complexe métamorphique des Whipple Mountains. L'analyse des fabriques et des microstructures de cette série mylonitique montre qu'elle représente une zone intracrustale de flux laminaire non coaxial, avec un glissement prédominant vers le nord-est. Le sommet de cette shear-zone est le front mylonitique de Whipple, qui marque l'apparition brusque (localement en quelques mètres) de la déformation ductile pénétrative, entre une série supérieure cristalline non mylonitique et ses équivalents mylonitiques inférieurs. La mylonitisation, d'âge oligocène-miocène (26±5 Ma) a dû s'effectuer à une profondeur de 16±4 km (4,4±1,1 Kb) et à des températures comprises entre 460° et 535 °C Les traces de fission et des datations40Ar/39Ar montrent que les mylonites ont subi un refroidissement rapide de plus de 450 °C à moins de 200 °C entre 20 et 18 Ma. Ce refroidissement rapide est attribué à la montée, à partir de 20 Ma, des gneiss mylonitiques lors du développement du système de failles de décollement extensionnelles, dont ils formaient le mur. L'ensemble des failles, à pied NE, et les mylonites sont cinématiquement coordonnés; le glissement s'y est effectué dans la même direction et le même sens; cependant, les failles ont coupé les mylonites plusieurs Ma après la formation de celles-ci. Les mylonites de la plaque inférieure ont atteint la surface du sol et y ont été soumise à l'érosion avant 16 Ma. Si on admet une surface de décollement inclinée à 25° coupant les mylonites à une profondeur d'au moins 12 km, les vitesses minimales de la montée des mylonites et du mouvement de long du décollement entre 20 et 16 Ma, ont dû être respectivement de 3 mm/an et 7,2 mm/an. D'après les données fournies par le refroidissement, les vitesses devaient être plus élevées pendant la période de 18 à 20 Ma. Le déplacement des masses rocheuses de long des failles majeures du système de Whipple semble exéder 40 à 45 km.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im metamorphen Komplex der Whipple Mountains sind unterhalb der Whipple-Abscherung mylonitische Gneise der oberen Grünschieferfazies und mittleren Amphibolitfazies aufgeschlossen. Gefügeuntersuchungen innerhalb der mächtigen (〉3,5 km) Mylonitsequenz zeigen, daß hier eine intrakrustale Zone nichtkoaxialen laminaren Fließens mit vorherrschend nordost gerichtetem Schersinn repräsentiert ist. Den obersten Teil dieser Scherzone bildet die Whipple Mylonitfront. Sie überspannt kontinuierlich innerhalb weniger Meter die Obergrenze durchdringender duktiler Deformation bis zu eindeutig nichtmylonitisierten Abfolgen kristalliner Gesteine und ihren tieferen mylonitisierten Äquivalenten. Es wird angenommen, daß die Mylonitisierung während des Oligo-Miozäns (26 ±1–5 Ma) in einer Tiefe von 16 ±4 km (4,4 ±1,1 kb) und bei Temperaturen zwischen 460–535 °C stattgefunden hat. Spaltspurenuntersuchungen und40Ar/39Ar-Datierungen aus den mylonitischen Gesteinen belegen zusammen ein rasches Abkühlen von über 450°C auf unter 200 °C im Zeitraum vor 20 bis 18 Ma. Die rasche Abkühlung wird dem vor 20 Ma beginnenden Aufstieg der mylonitischen Gneise am Fuß eines sich entwickelnden flachwinkligen, dehnungsbedingten Abscherungssystems zugeschrieben. Das nordost verwurzelte Whipple-Störungssystem und die Mylonite sind kinematisch gleichgerichtet, sie haben dieselbe Richtung und denselben Schersinn, dennoch haben die Störungen die Mylonite einige Millionen Jahre nach ihrer Bildung überschnitten. Tiefere Plattenmylonite erreichten so die Erdoberfläche und wurden vor 16 Ma erodiert. Die Minimalraten für den Aufstieg der Mylonite und die Bewegungen entlang der Abscherungssysteme für den Zeitraum vor 20 bis 16 Ma liegen jeweils zwischen 3 und 7,2 mm/yr. Dies unter der Annahme, daß die Mylonite in einer Tiefe von mindestens 12 km von einem mit 25° einfallenden Störungssystem geschnitten wurden. Aus den verfügbaren Daten müssen für den Zeitraum vor 20−18 Ma höhere Bewegungsraten angenommen werden. Der kumulative Versatz der Gesteinseinheiten entlang der Hauptstörungen des Whipplesystems scheint damit 40–45 km zu überschreiten.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 6 (1988), S. 335-343 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A specially adapted schlieren system is used to generate fluctuating signals which respond strongly to large scale coherent components of a turbulent mixing jet flow and which have a relatively reduced response to random disturbances. The schlieren signals also provide a direct indication of the presence of vortex-like structures in the turbulent mixing layers by virtue of the phase relationship of the schlieren signals to the pressure field. This system gives a clear resolution of the fluctuating periodic effects associated with vortex structures in the flow from a choked convergent nozzle. It has thus been possible to determine that vortex-like eddies are associated with the feedback screech mechanism, and also generate periodic disturbances due to their passage through the diamond shaped wave structure in the flow. The regular disturbances in the flow move at 0.77 of the fully expanded flow velocity. Phase spectral observations demonstrate clearly the vortex like structure of coherent disturbances in the flow by virtue of the quadrature phase relation between the schlieren and microphone signals. Movement of the sensing microphone in the pressure field external to the flow shows disturbance propagation at the acoustic velocity, and also shows that disturbances at Strouhal numbers above 0.7 emanating from the inner mixing zone can be identified by an additional time delay to reach the microphone and only influence the microphone when it is located downstream of the flow sensing schlieren system due to confinement of pressure disturbances within Mach cones of the flow.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mechanisms to account for the unusual properties of a DR1αβ complex (designated DRgp50) that is resistant to dissociation under normal conditions utilized were investigated. Expression of this DRgp50 complex is highly correlated with the failure of cells from certain DR1 individuals (DR1x) to stimulate specific DR1-restricted or alloreactive T-cell clones. Pulse/chase experiments demonstrated that this DRgp50 complex was not detectable until approximately 1 h of chase. The DR1 α and β chains associated into the heterodimer in the absence of glycosylation and alterations in the number of oligosaccharides or sialylation of cell surface forms were not evident when compared with normal DR1 α and β chains. Restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of DR β genes from normal (DR1n) and DR1x individuals were indistinguishable. However, a difference in the α chain genes between DR1n and DR1x individuals was revealed using Bgl II. This Bgl II restriction site mapped to the 3′ untranslated region of DR α and represents a new genomic marker to distinguish this functional and biochemical variant of DR1.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Root formation and in vivo nitrate reductase (NR) activity were determined in leafy spurge cell suspensions. Cells grown in B5 media with 1 mg L−1 2,4-D were transferred to B5 media without 2,4-D, but containing either high (92:8) or low (15:85) ratios of nitrogen as NO 3 − -N:NH 4 + -N. In older cell lines root formation occurred only in the low NO 3 − medium with =〈30 roots per flask. In younger cell lines root numbers were greatest in the high NO 3 − medium (1000 to 3000 per flask). Cells grown in low NO 3 − medium were about one-third the final dry weight as those in high NO 3 − medium. Root length was consistently greater for cell lines of all ages in the low NO 3 − medium. Developmental profiles of NR activity were similar in cell lines of all ages, whether or not roots were formed. NR activity was lower, however, in cultures grown in low NO 3 − medium compared to high NO 3 − medium. There was no consistent relationship between NR activity and root initiation. Therefore, nitrate reductase does not appear to be a primary target for regulation of leafy spurge growth by chemical application.
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