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  • Articles  (23)
  • Male  (23)
  • Chemical Engineering
  • 2015-2019
  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (23)
  • 1988  (23)
  • Biology  (23)
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  • Articles  (23)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (23)
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  • 1
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    A larger spectrum of severe HIV-1--related disease in intravenous drug users in New York City (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-11-11
    Description: Increasing mortality in intravenous (IV) drug users not reported to surveillance as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has occurred in New York City coincident with the AIDS epidemic. From 1981 to 1986, narcotics-related deaths increased on average 32% per year from 492 in 1981 to 1996 in 1986. This increase included deaths from AIDS increasing from 0 to 905 and deaths from other causes, many of which were infectious diseases, increasing from 492 to 1091. Investigations of these deaths suggest a causal association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These deaths may represent a spectrum of HIV-related disease that has not been identified through AIDS surveillance and has resulted in a large underestimation of the impact of AIDS on IV drug users and blacks and Hispanics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stoneburner, R L -- Des Jarlais, D C -- Benezra, D -- Gorelkin, L -- Sotheran, J L -- Friedman, S R -- Schultz, S -- Marmor, M -- Mildvan, D -- Maslansky, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 11;242(4880):916-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉AIDS Research Unit, New York City Department of Health, NY 10013.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3187532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology/microbiology ; Cause of Death ; Endocarditis/complications ; Hiv ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; New York City ; Pneumonia/complications ; Substance-Related Disorders/*complications/epidemiology/mortality ; Tuberculosis/complications
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    DNA amplification for direct detection of HIV-1 in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: By means of a selective DNA amplification technique called polymerase chain reaction, proviral sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were identified directly in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of persons seropositive but not in DNA isolated from PBMCs of persons seronegative for the virus. Primer pairs from multiple regions of the HIV-1 genome were used to achieve maximum sensitivity of provirus detection. HIV-1 sequences were detected in 100% of DNA specimens from seropositive, homosexual men from whom the virus was isolated by coculture, but in none of the DNA specimens from a control group of seronegative, virus culture-negative persons. However, HIV-1 sequences were detected in 64% of DNA specimens from seropositive, virus culture-negative homosexual men. This method of DNA amplification made it possible to obtain results within 3 days, whereas virus isolation takes up to 3 to 4 weeks. The method may therefore be used to complement or replace virus isolation as a routine means of determining HIV-1 infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ou, C Y -- Kwok, S -- Mitchell, S W -- Mack, D H -- Sninsky, J J -- Krebs, J W -- Feorino, P -- Warfield, D -- Schochetman, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):295-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/*blood ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; *Gene Amplification ; HIV/*genetics/isolation & purification ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*analysis ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Cryopreservation, culture, and transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue into monkeys (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-11-04
    Description: Studies in animals suggest that fetal neural grafts might restore lost neurological function in Parkinson's disease. In monkeys, such grafts survive for many months and reverse signs of parkinsonism, without attendant graft rejection. The successful and reliable application of a similar transplantation procedure to human patients, however, will require neural tissue obtained from human fetal cadavers, with demonstrated cellular identity, viability, and biological safety. In this report, human fetal neural tissue was successfully grafted into the brains of monkeys. Neural tissue was collected from human fetal cadavers after 9 to 12 weeks of gestation and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Viability after up to 2 months of storage was demonstrated by cell culture and by transplantation into monkeys. Cryopreservation and storage of human fetal neural tissue would allow formation of a tissue bank. The stored cells could then be specifically tested to assure their cellular identity, viability, and bacteriological and virological safety before clinical use. The capacity to collect and maintain viable human fetal neural tissue would also facilitate research efforts to understand the development and function of the human brain and provide opportunities to study neurological diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redmond, D E Jr -- Naftolin, F -- Collier, T J -- Leranth, C -- Robbins, R J -- Sladek, C D -- Roth, R H -- Sladek, J R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 4;242(4879):768-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2903552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus ; Fetus ; Freezing ; Humans ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/embryology/enzymology/*transplantation ; Preservation, Biological ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Restricted lateral diffusion of PH-20, a PI-anchored sperm membrane protein (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: The rate of lateral diffusion of integral membrane proteins is constrained in cells, but the constraining factors for most membrane proteins have not been defined. PH-20, a sperm surface protein involved in sperm-egg adhesion, was shown to be anchored in the plasma membrane by attachment to the lipid phosphatidylinositol and to have a diffusion rate that is highly restricted on testicular sperm, being more than a thousand times slower than lipid diffusion. These results support the hypothesis that lateral mobility of a membrane protein can be regulated exclusively by interactions of its ectodomain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phelps, B M -- Primakoff, P -- Koppel, D E -- Low, M G -- Myles, D G -- GM-23585/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-16580/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1780-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Diffusion ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Phosphatidylinositols/*physiology ; Sperm Maturation ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Testis/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Seroprevalence and epidemiological correlates of HTLV-I infection in U.S. blood donors (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Screening for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibodies was performed on sera from 39,898 blood donors at eight blood centers in geographically distinct areas of the United States. Ten donors (0.025 percent) showed evidence of HTLV-I seropositivity by enzyme immunoassays; this was confirmed by protein immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation. Seroprevalence rates ranged from 0 to 0.10 percent at the locations sampled, with HTLV-I antibodies found predominantly in donors from the southeastern and southwestern United States. Matched case-control interviews and laboratory studies were performed on five seropositive women and two seropositive men who participated in an identity-linked collection of sera from a subset of 33,893 donors at six of the eight blood centers. Four of the women and both men are black; one woman is Caucasian. Four of the seven seropositive individuals admitted to prior intravenous drug abuse or sexual contact with an intravenous drug user. Sexual contact with native inhabitants of an HTLV-I endemic area was the only identified risk factor for one male. The distribution of HTLV-I antibodies in this U.S. blood donor sample corroborates the previously reported epidemiology of this agent and suggests that additional donor screening measures, including the testing of donated blood for HTLV-I markers, may be necessary to prevent the spread of HTLV-I to transfusion recipients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, A E -- Fang, C T -- Slamon, D J -- Poiesz, B J -- Sandler, S G -- Darr, W F 2nd -- Shulman, G -- McGowan, E I -- Douglas, D K -- Bowman, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):643-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉American Red Cross Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD 20855.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2896386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; *Blood Donors ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Deltaretrovirus Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Japan ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Partners ; Substance-Related Disorders ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Wound macrophages express TGF-alpha and other growth factors in vivo: analysis by mRNA phenotyping (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: The presence of macrophages is required for the regeneration of many cell types during wound healing. Macrophages have been reported to express a wide range of mitogenic factors and cytokines, but none of these factors has been shown in vivo to sustain all the wound-healing processes. It has been suggested that transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) may mediate angiogenesis, epidermal regrowth, and formation of granulation tissue in vivo. Macrophages isolated from a wound site, and not exposed to cell culture conditions, expressed messenger RNA transcripts for TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, platelet-derived growth factor A-chain, and insulin-like growth factor-1. The expression of these transcripts was determined by a novel method for RNA analysis in which low numbers of mouse macrophages were isolated from wound cylinders, their RNA was purified and reverse-transcribed, and the complementary DNA was amplified in a polymerase chain reaction primed with growth factor sequence-specific primers. This single-cell RNA phenotyping procedure is rapid and has the potential for quantification, and mRNA transcripts from a single cell or a few cells can be unambiguously demonstrated, with the simultaneous analysis of several mRNA species. Macrophages from wounds expressed TGF-alpha antigen, and wound fluids contained TGF-alpha. Elicited macrophages in culture also expressed TGF-alpha transcripts and polypeptide in a time-dependent manner after stimulation with modified low-density lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, which are characteristic of the activators found in injured tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rappolee, D A -- Mark, D -- Banda, M J -- Werb, Z -- AR 32746/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 27345/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):708-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Radiobiology and Environmental Health, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3041594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epidermal Growth Factor/biosynthesis/genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/biosynthesis/genetics ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Growth Substances/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/biosynthesis/genetics ; Macrophages/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Peptide Biosynthesis ; Peptides/genetics ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/biosynthesis/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/*biosynthesis ; Rabbits ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factors ; *Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Point mutations in the human vitamin D receptor gene associated with hypocalcemic rickets (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-23
    Description: Hypocalcemic vitamin D-resistant rickets is a human genetic disease resulting from target organ resistance to the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Two families with affected children homozygous for this autosomal recessive disorder were studied for abnormalities in the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its gene. Although the receptor displays normal binding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 hormone, VDR from affected family members has a decreased affinity for DNA. Genomic DNA isolated from these families was subjected to oligonucleotide-primed DNA amplification, and each of the nine exons encoding the receptor protein was sequenced for a genetic mutation. In each family, a different single nucleotide mutation was found in the DNA binding domain of the protein; one family near the tip of the first zinc finger (Gly----Asp) and one at the tip of the second zinc finger (Arg----Gly). The mutant residues were created in vitro by oligonucleotide directed point mutagenesis of wild-type VDR complementary DNA and this cDNA was transfected into COS-1 cells. The produced protein is biochemically indistinguishable from the receptor isolated from patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, M R -- Malloy, P J -- Kieback, D G -- Kesterson, R A -- Pike, J W -- Feldman, D -- O'Malley, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 23;242(4886):1702-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2849209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcitriol/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Codon ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia/*genetics ; Immunoblotting ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; Receptors, Steroid/*genetics/metabolism ; Rickets/*genetics ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Steroid binding at sigma receptors suggests a link between endocrine, nervous, and immune systems (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-08
    Description: Specific sigma binding sites have been identified in the mammalian brain and lymphoid tissue. In this study, certain gonadal and adrenal steroids, particularly progesterone, were found to inhibit sigma receptor binding in homogenates of brain and spleen. The findings suggest that steroids are naturally occurring ligands for sigma receptors and raise the possibility that these sites mediate some aspects of steroid-induced mental disturbances and alterations in immune functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, T P -- London, E D -- Jaffe, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 8;240(4849):219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Endocrine Glands/*physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Haloperidol/metabolism ; *Immunity ; Male ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Phenazocine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism ; Receptors, sigma ; Spleen/metabolism ; Steroids/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Longevity and gender (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLaren, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 22;241(4864):399-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3393905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; Sex Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Imaging of phosphorescence: a novel method for measuring oxygen distribution in perfused tissue (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-23
    Description: The imaging of phosphorescence provides a method for monitoring oxygen distribution within the vascular system of intact tissues. Isolated rat lives were perfused through the portal vein with media containing palladium coproporphyrin, which phosphoresced and was used to image the liver at various perfusion rates. Because oxygen is a powerful quenching agent for phosphors, the transition from well-perfused liver to anoxia (no flow of oxygen) resulted in large increases of phosphorescence. During stepwise restoration of oxygen flow, the phosphorescence images showed marked heterogeneous patterns of tissue reoxygenation, which indicated that there were regional inequalities in oxygen delivery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rumsey, W L -- Vanderkooi, J M -- Wilson, D F -- GM 21524/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 36393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 23;241(4873):1649-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3420417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coproporphyrins ; Liver Circulation ; *Luminescence ; Male ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Palladium ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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