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  • Animals  (63)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (63)
  • 1985-1989  (63)
  • 1987  (63)
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (63)
Years
  • 1985-1989  (63)
Year
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1987-12-18
    Description: Interleukin-2 is an effector protein that participates in modulating the immune response; it has become a focal point for the study of lymphokine structure and function. The three-dimensional structure of the interleukin molecule has been solved to 3.0 angstrom resolution. Interleukin-2 has a novel alpha-helical tertiary structure that suggests one portion of the molecule forms a structural scaffold, which underlies the receptor binding facets of the molecule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brandhuber, B J -- Boone, T -- Kenney, W C -- McKay, D B -- A1-00631/PHS HHS/ -- A1-19762/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1707-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3500515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Interleukin-2/isolation & purification ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Solvents ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1987-05-22
    Description: Four widely used in vitro assays for genetic toxicity were evaluated for their ability to predict the carcinogenicity of selected chemicals in rodents. These assays were mutagenesis in Salmonella and mouse lymphoma cells and chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Seventy-three chemicals recently tested in 2-year carcinogenicity studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute and the National Toxicology Program were used in this evaluation. Test results from the four in vitro assays did not show significant differences in individual concordance with the rodent carcinogenicity results; the concordance of each assay was approximately 60 percent. Within the limits of this study there was no evidence of complementarity among the four assays, and no battery of tests constructed from these assays improved substantially on the overall performance of the Salmonella assay. The in vitro assays which represented a range of three cell types and four end points did show substantial agreement among themselves, indicating that chemicals positive in one in vitro assay tended to be positive in the other in vitro assays.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tennant, R W -- Margolin, B H -- Shelby, M D -- Zeiger, E -- Haseman, J K -- Spalding, J -- Caspary, W -- Resnick, M -- Stasiewicz, S -- Anderson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):933-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3554512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens/pharmacology/*toxicity ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; Mutagenicity Tests/*methods ; Mutagens/pharmacology ; *Mutation ; Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects ; Sister Chromatid Exchange/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1987-06-05
    Description: The use of molecular biological approaches has defined new mechanisms that store information in the mammalian nervous system. Environmental stimuli alter steady-state levels of messenger RNA species encoding neurotransmitters, thereby altering synaptic, neuronal, and network function over time. External or internal stimuli alter impulse activity, which alters membrane depolarization and selectively changes the expression of specific transmitter genes. These processes occur in diverse peripheral and central neurons, suggesting that information storage is widespread in the neuraxis. The temporal profile of any particular molecular mnemonic process is determined by specific kinetics of turnover and by the geometry of the neuron resulting in axonal transport of molecules to different synaptic arrays at different times. Generally, transmitters, the agents of millisecond-to-millisecond communication, are subject to relatively long-lasting changes in expression, ensuring that ongoing physiological function is translated into information storage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Black, I B -- Adler, J E -- Dreyfus, C F -- Friedman, W F -- LaGamma, E F -- Roach, A H -- HD 12108/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 10259/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 20788/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jun 5;236(4806):1263-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2884727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Memory/*physiology ; Nervous System/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Neurons/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism/*physiology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/metabolism/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1987-01-02
    Description: The alpha-chain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor carries the binding sites both for cholinergic ligands and for most experimentally induced or naturally occurring antibodies to the native receptor. By means of expression cloning in Escherichia coli, fusion proteins were derived from specific fragments of a complementary DNA encoding the mouse alpha-chain, allowing the mapping of the toxin-binding site to residues 160-216 and the main immunogenic region to residues 6-85. This approach permits the independent study of different functional domains of a complex receptor molecule and should be generally applicable to other proteins for which complementary DNA clones are available.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barkas, T -- Mauron, A -- Roth, B -- Alliod, C -- Tzartos, S J -- Ballivet, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 2;235(4784):77-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2432658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Binding Sites ; Binding, Competitive ; Bungarotoxins/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Epitopes ; Humans ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Ligands ; Mice ; Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics/*immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology ; Species Specificity ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1987-09-18
    Description: Expression of c-myb proto-oncogene messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein has been detected principally in tumors and in normal tissue of hematopoietic origin. In each hematopoietic lineage examined, expression of the c-myb gene is markedly downregulated during hematopoietic maturation. However, the mechanism by which differential expression of the c-myb gene is regulated is not known. In murine B-lymphoid tumor cell lines, the amount of steady-state c-myb mRNA is 10 to more than 100 times greater in pre-B cell lymphomas than in B cell lymphomas and plasmacytomas. The downregulation of c-myb mRNA correlates with events at the pre-B cell-B cell junction. Differential expression of c-myb mRNA levels detected between a pre-B cell lymphoma and a mature B cell lymphoma is now shown to be mediated by a block to transcription elongation in the first intron of the c-myb locus. In addition, this developmentally regulated difference in transcriptional activity is correlated with alterations in higher order chromatin structure as reflected by changes in the patterns of hypersensitivity to deoxyribonuclease I at the 5' end of the c-myb transcription unit. Regulation of transcription elongation may provide a more sensitive mechanism for rapidly increasing and decreasing mRNA levels in response to external stimuli than regulation of the initiation of transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bender, T P -- Thompson, C B -- Kuehl, W M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 18;237(4821):1473-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3498214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Introns ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1987-08-28
    Description: Li-Fraumeni syndrome is manifested in a variety of neoplasms that are transmitted in a dominantly inherited pattern. The noncancerous skin fibroblasts of family members exhibit a unique characteristic of being resistant to the killing effect of ionizing radiation. A three- to eightfold elevation in expression of c-myc and an apparent activation of c-raf-1 gene have been observed in these noncancerous skin fibroblasts. These results may provide insight into the heritable defect underlying the familial predisposition to a variety of cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, E H -- Pirollo, K F -- Zou, Z Q -- Cheung, H Y -- Lawler, E L -- Garner, R -- White, E -- Bernstein, W B -- Fraumeni, J W Jr -- Blattner, W A -- CA45158/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CO7488/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 28;237(4818):1036-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3616624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts/*radiation effects ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/*genetics ; Oncogenes/*radiation effects ; Pedigree ; *Radiation Tolerance ; Skin/cytology/*radiation effects ; Syndrome
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1987-12-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fotheringham, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 11;238(4833):1496-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3685989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/etiology/*physiopathology ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Face ; *Form Perception ; Humans ; Infant
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1987-12-18
    Description: The regulatory domain of protein kinase C contains an amino acid sequence between residues 19 and 36 that resembles a substrate phosphorylation site in its distribution of basic residue recognition determinants. The corresponding synthetic peptide (Arg19-Phe-Ala-Arg-Lys-Gly-Ala25-Leu-Arg-Gln-Lys-Asn-Val-His -Glu-Val-Lys-Asn36) acts as a potent substrate antagonist with an inhibitory constant of 147 +/- 9 nM. It is a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C and inhibits both autophosphorylation and protein substrate phosphorylation. Substitution of Ala25 with serine transforms the pseudosubstrate into a potent substrate. These results demonstrate that the conserved region of the regulatory domain (residues 19 to 36) of protein kinase C has the secondary structural features of a pseudosubstrate and may be responsible for maintaining the enzyme in the inactive form in the absence of allosteric activators such as phospholipids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉House, C -- Kemp, B E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1726-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Repatriation General Hospital, West Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3686012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Homeostasis ; Kinetics ; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/metabolism ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1987-07-31
    Description: A defined medium (H-1) was developed for cultivation of the suckling mouse cataract agent, Spiroplasma mirum, a fastidious member of the class Mollicutes that causes cataracts and chronic brain infection in inoculated neonate mice. The H-1 medium was used to show the importance of sphingomyelin as a growth factor for the culture of the spiroplasma in vitro. The growth of Spiroplasma mirum and the pathology it induces in sphingomyelin-rich tissues in vivo may be related to this dependency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hackett, K J -- Ginsberg, A S -- Rottem, S -- Henegar, R B -- Whitcomb, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 31;237(4814):525-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3603039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cataract/microbiology ; *Culture Media ; Mice ; Spiroplasma/classification/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1987-07-17
    Description: The calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is a major component of brain synaptic junctions and has been proposed to play a variety of important roles in brain function. A complementary DNA representing a portion of the smaller 50-kilodalton subunit of the rat brain enzyme has been cloned and sequenced. The calmodulin-binding region has been identified and a synthetic analog prepared that binds calmodulin with high affinity in the presence of calcium. Like the 50-kilodalton kinase polypeptide, the concentration of the messenger RNA varies both neuroanatomically and during postnatal development of the brain. The broad tissue and species cross-reactivity of the complementary DNA suggests that the 50-kilodalton subunit found in rat brain is evolutionarily conserved and is the product of a single gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanley, R M -- Means, A R -- Ono, T -- Kemp, B E -- Burgin, K E -- Waxham, N -- Kelly, P T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 17;237(4812):293-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3037704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Assay ; Brain/enzymology/growth & development ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Protein Kinases/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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