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  • 1
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    Construction of synthetic immunogen: use of new T-helper epitope on malaria circumsporozoite protein (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-02-27
    Description: The circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum is the focus of intense efforts to develop an antisporozoite malaria vaccine. Localization of sites for T-cell recognition on this molecule is critical for vaccine design. By using an algorithm designed to predict T-cell sites and a large panel of H-2 congenic mice, a major nonrepetitive T-cell site was located. When a synthetic peptide corresponding to this site was covalently linked to the major B-cell site on the molecule, an immunogen capable of eliciting a high-titer antibody response was formed. This peptide sequence could prime helper T cells for a secondary response to the intact CS protein. The new helper T-cell site is located outside the repetitive region of the CS protein and appears to be the immunodominant T site on the molecule. This approach should be useful in the rational design and construction of vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Good, M F -- Maloy, W L -- Lunde, M N -- Margalit, H -- Cornette, J L -- Smith, G L -- Moss, B -- Miller, L H -- Berzofsky, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1059-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2434994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Epitopes/*immunology ; Mice ; Peptide Fragments/chemical synthesis/*immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology ; Vaccines/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Genetic ablation: targeted expression of a toxin gene causes microphthalmia in transgenic mice (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-12-11
    Description: Lineage-specific regulatory elements can be used to direct expression of a variety of genes to specific tissues in transgenic mice. If the hybrid constructs contain a gene encoding a cytotoxic gene product, then genetic ablation of a specific cell lineage can be achieved. We have generated six transgenic mice by introducing into fertilized eggs the mouse gamma 2-crystallin promoter fused to the coding region of the diphtheria toxin A-chain gene. Three of these mice and all the transgenic offspring analyzed were microphthalmic. The lenses of these mice displayed considerable heterogeneity: some were almost normal morphologically but reduced in size, whereas others were grossly aberrant and deficient in nuclear fiber cells. These studies indicate that programmed ablation of specific cell types can be stably transmitted through the germ line.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breitman, M L -- Clapoff, S -- Rossant, J -- Tsui, L C -- Glode, L M -- Maxwell, I H -- Bernstein, A -- CA 42354/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 11;238(4833):1563-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mount Sinai Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3685993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crystallins/*genetics ; Diphtheria Toxin/*genetics ; Eye/pathology ; *Genes ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microphthalmos/*genetics/pathology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Efficacy of murine malaria sporozoite vaccines: implications for human vaccine development (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-04-24
    Description: As part of a study of potential vaccines against malaria, the protective efficacy of sporozoite subunit vaccines was determined by using the Plasmodium berghei murine malaria model. Mice were immunized with recombinant DNA-produced or synthetic peptide-carrier subunit vaccines derived from the repetitive epitopes of the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite gene, or with radiation-attenuated sporozoites. Immunization with subunit vaccines elicited humoral responses that were equivalent to or greater than those elicited by irradiated sporozoites, yet the protection against sporozoite challenge induced by either of the subunit vaccines was far less than that achieved by immunization with attenuated sporozoites. Passive and adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that subunit vaccines elicited predominantly antibody-mediated protection that was easily overcome whereas irradiated sporozoites induced potent cell-mediated immunity that protected against high challenge doses of sporozoites. These studies indicate that new strategies designed to induce cellular immunity will be required for efficacious sporozoite vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Egan, J E -- Weber, J L -- Ballou, W R -- Hollingdale, M R -- Majarian, W R -- Gordon, D M -- Maloy, W L -- Hoffman, S L -- Wirtz, R A -- Schneider, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Apr 24;236(4800):453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3551073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigens, Protozoan ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization, Passive ; Malaria/*prevention & control ; Mice ; Oligopeptides/immunology ; Plasmodium berghei/*immunology ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology ; *Vaccines, Synthetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Space experiments with particle accelerators (SEPAC): Description of instrumentation (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: SEPAC (Space Experiments with Particle Accelerators) flew on Spacelab 1 (SL 1) in November and December 1983. SEPAC is a joint U.S.-Japan investigation of the interaction of electron, plasma, and neutral beams with the ionosphere, atmosphere and magnetosphere. It is scheduled to fly again on Atlas 1 in August 1990. On SL 1, SEPAC used an electron accelerator, a plasma accelerator, and neutral gas source as active elements and an array of diagnostics to investigate the interactions. For Atlas 1, the plasma accelerator will be replaced by a plasma contactor and charge collection devices to improve vehicle charging meutralization. This paper describes the SEPAC instrumentation in detail for the SL 1 and Atlas 1 flights and includes a bibliography of SEPAC papers.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-89728 , NAS 1.15:89728
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    The HITRAN database - 1986 edition (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A description and summary of the latest edition of the AFGL high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN) parameters are presented. This new database combines the information for the seven principal atmospheric absorbers and twenty-one additional molecular species previously contained on the AFGL atmospheric absorption line parameter compilation and on the trace gas compilation. In addition to updating the parameters on earlier editions of the compilation, new parameters have been added to this edition such as the self-broadened half-width, the temperature dependence of the air-broadened half-width, and the transition probability. The database contains 348,043 entries between 0 and 17,900/cm. A FORTRAN program is now furnished to allow rapid access to the molecular transitions and for the creation of customized output. A separate file of molecular cross sections of 11 heavy molecular species, applicable for qualitative simulation of transmission and emission in the atmosphere, has also been provided.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A188435 , AFGL-TR-87-0283 , Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 26; 4058-409
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    A chicken transferrin gene in transgenic mice escapes X-chromosome inactivation (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-01
    Description: Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation involves a coordinate shutting down of physically linked genes. Several proposed models require the presence of specific sequences near genes to permit the spread of inactivation into these regions. If such models are correct, one might predict that heterologous genes transferred onto the X chromosome might lack the appropriate signal sequences and therefore escape inactivation. To determine whether a foreign gene inserted into the X chromosome is subject to inactivation, transgenic mice harboring 11 copies of the complete, 17-kilobase chicken transferrin gene on the X chromosome were used. Male mice hemizygous for this insert were bred with females bearing Searle's translocation, an X-chromosome rearrangement that is always active in heterozygous females (the unrearranged X chromosome is inactive). Female offspring bearing the Searle's translocation and the chicken transferrin gene had the same amount of chicken transferrin messenger RNA in liver as did transgenic male mice or transgenic female mice lacking the Searle's chromosome. This result shows that the inserted gene is not subject to X-chromosome inactivation and suggests that the inactivation process cannot spread over 187 kilobases of DNA in the absence of specific signal sequences required for inactivation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, M A -- Stokes, K R -- Idzerda, R L -- McKnight, G S -- Hammer, R E -- Brinster, R L -- Gartler, S M -- HD14412/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD16659/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD17321/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 1;236(4801):593-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2437652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens ; DNA/metabolism ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Transferrin/*genetics ; *Transformation, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome ; alpha-Fetoproteins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    In situ detection of beta-galactosidase in lenses of transgenic mice with a gamma-crystallin/lacZ gene (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-01-23
    Description: Transgenic mice carrying the gamma 2-crystallin promoter fused to the coding region of the bacterial lacZ gene were generated. The offspring of three founder mice expressed high levels of the enzyme solely in the central nuclear fiber cells of the lens as measured by an in situ assay for the detection of beta-galactosidase activity. These results suggest that gamma 2-crystallin sequences between -759 to +45 contain essential information required for appropriate tissue-specific and temporal regulation of the mouse gamma 2-crystallin gene. In a broader context, this study also demonstrates the utility of beta-galactosidase hybrid gene constructs for monitoring the activity of gene regulatory elements in transgenic mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goring, D R -- Rossant, J -- Clapoff, S -- Breitman, M L -- Tsui, L C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 23;235(4787):456-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3099390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cataract/enzymology ; Crystallins/*genetics ; Galactosidases/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Lac Operon ; Lens, Crystalline/*physiology ; Mice ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/*genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/*genetics ; Tissue Distribution ; Transfection ; beta-Galactosidase/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    RNA complementary to a herpesvirus alpha gene mRNA is prominent in latently infected neurons (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-02-27
    Description: In initial attempts to define the molecular events responsible for the latent state of herpes simplex virus, in situ hybridization was utilized to search for virally encoded RNA transcripts in latently infected sensory neurons. The use of cloned probes representing the entire viral genome indicated that transcripts encoded within terminal repeats were present. When the alpha genes encoding ICP-0, ICP-4, and ICP-27 and the gamma 1 gene encoding VP-5 were employed, only RNA transcripts hybridizing to the ICP-0 probe were detected. In latently infected cells, the ICP-0--related transcripts were localized principally in the nucleus; this was not the case in acutely (productively) infected neurons or in neurons probed for RNA transcripts coding for actin. In Northern blotting experiments, an RNA of 2.6 kilobases was detected with the ICP-0 probe. When single-stranded DNAs from the ICP-0 region were used as probes, RNA from the strand complementary to that encoding ICP-0 messenger RNA (mRNA) was the major species detected. This RNA species may play a significant role in maintaining the latent infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stevens, J G -- Wagner, E K -- Devi-Rao, G B -- Cook, M L -- Feldman, L T -- AI-06246/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 11861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1056-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2434993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ganglia, Spinal/microbiology ; *Genes, Viral ; Herpes Simplex/microbiology ; Mice ; Neurons/*microbiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/*genetics ; RNA, Complementary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Simplexvirus/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Geomagnetic equatorial anomaly in zonal plasma flow (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The observation of a geomagnetic signature in the zonal eastward plasma flow, which is a striking feature of the equatorial ionosphere in the evening quadrant is reported. These observations were derived fronm (E x B)/B-squared measurements made with the cylindrical double-floating-probe experiment carried on the Dynamics Explorer 2 satellite. The signature consists of a crest-trough-crest effect in the latitude dependence of the eastward plasma flow with the crests at + or - 8 dip latitude and the trough nearly centered at the dip equator at all geographic longitudes. This phenomenon can be readily interpreted in terms of the altitude dependence of the F region dynamo electric field, and it is related to dip equator signatures in the plasma density and the magnetic declination which have been reported earlier.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 311-315
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  • 10
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    Stratospheric trace gases in the spring 1986 Antarctic atmosphere (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The atmospheric absorption features of over 500 infrared solar spectra recorded at McMurdo Station have been analyzed to determine the vertical column abundances of trace gases crucial to understanding of the 'ozone hole' phenomenon. The techniques used to retrieve the column abundances are described. Results are reported for ozone, nitrogen species, and halogen sinks and reservoirs.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 329; 126-130
    Format: text
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