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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (154)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (126)
  • Humans  (92)
  • Mice
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (400)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1987  (400)
  • 1
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    Construction of synthetic immunogen: use of new T-helper epitope on malaria circumsporozoite protein (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-02-27
    Description: The circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum is the focus of intense efforts to develop an antisporozoite malaria vaccine. Localization of sites for T-cell recognition on this molecule is critical for vaccine design. By using an algorithm designed to predict T-cell sites and a large panel of H-2 congenic mice, a major nonrepetitive T-cell site was located. When a synthetic peptide corresponding to this site was covalently linked to the major B-cell site on the molecule, an immunogen capable of eliciting a high-titer antibody response was formed. This peptide sequence could prime helper T cells for a secondary response to the intact CS protein. The new helper T-cell site is located outside the repetitive region of the CS protein and appears to be the immunodominant T site on the molecule. This approach should be useful in the rational design and construction of vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Good, M F -- Maloy, W L -- Lunde, M N -- Margalit, H -- Cornette, J L -- Smith, G L -- Moss, B -- Miller, L H -- Berzofsky, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1059-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2434994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Epitopes/*immunology ; Mice ; Peptide Fragments/chemical synthesis/*immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology ; Vaccines/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Absence of duplication of chromosome 21 genes in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-30
    Description: The possibility that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by overexpression or duplication of one or more genes on chromosome 21 has been raised by the observation of AD-like neuropathologic changes in individuals with Down syndrome and by the mapping of both the defect for familial AD and the amyloid beta protein gene to this autosome. Possible duplication on chromosome 21 was investigated in both familial and sporadic AD by means of restriction fragment length polymorphisms for the amyloid and SODI loci, as well as for DNA markers in the vicinity of the familial AD defect and in the critical Down syndrome region of chromosome 21. No evidence of increased DNA dosage was observed in either brain or leukocytes of patients with inherited or sporadic forms of AD. Duplication of these regions is therefore not a frequent event in either form of AD. Furthermore, no significant allelic association was detected between AD and any of the loci, including the amyloid and SODI genes, providing no support for the hypothesis that defects in these specific genes are the primary cause of AD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉St George-Hyslop, P H -- Tanzi, R E -- Polinsky, R J -- Neve, R L -- Pollen, D -- Drachman, D -- Growdon, J -- Cupples, L A -- Nee, L -- Myers, R H -- ADRC P50 AGO5134-02/AD/ADAMHA HHS/ -- NS20012/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AGO6865-1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 30;238(4827):664-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurogenetics Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2890206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Amyloid/genetics ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Genetic ablation: targeted expression of a toxin gene causes microphthalmia in transgenic mice (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-12-11
    Description: Lineage-specific regulatory elements can be used to direct expression of a variety of genes to specific tissues in transgenic mice. If the hybrid constructs contain a gene encoding a cytotoxic gene product, then genetic ablation of a specific cell lineage can be achieved. We have generated six transgenic mice by introducing into fertilized eggs the mouse gamma 2-crystallin promoter fused to the coding region of the diphtheria toxin A-chain gene. Three of these mice and all the transgenic offspring analyzed were microphthalmic. The lenses of these mice displayed considerable heterogeneity: some were almost normal morphologically but reduced in size, whereas others were grossly aberrant and deficient in nuclear fiber cells. These studies indicate that programmed ablation of specific cell types can be stably transmitted through the germ line.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breitman, M L -- Clapoff, S -- Rossant, J -- Tsui, L C -- Glode, L M -- Maxwell, I H -- Bernstein, A -- CA 42354/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 11;238(4833):1563-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mount Sinai Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3685993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crystallins/*genetics ; Diphtheria Toxin/*genetics ; Eye/pathology ; *Genes ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microphthalmos/*genetics/pathology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Efficacy of murine malaria sporozoite vaccines: implications for human vaccine development (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-04-24
    Description: As part of a study of potential vaccines against malaria, the protective efficacy of sporozoite subunit vaccines was determined by using the Plasmodium berghei murine malaria model. Mice were immunized with recombinant DNA-produced or synthetic peptide-carrier subunit vaccines derived from the repetitive epitopes of the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite gene, or with radiation-attenuated sporozoites. Immunization with subunit vaccines elicited humoral responses that were equivalent to or greater than those elicited by irradiated sporozoites, yet the protection against sporozoite challenge induced by either of the subunit vaccines was far less than that achieved by immunization with attenuated sporozoites. Passive and adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that subunit vaccines elicited predominantly antibody-mediated protection that was easily overcome whereas irradiated sporozoites induced potent cell-mediated immunity that protected against high challenge doses of sporozoites. These studies indicate that new strategies designed to induce cellular immunity will be required for efficacious sporozoite vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Egan, J E -- Weber, J L -- Ballou, W R -- Hollingdale, M R -- Majarian, W R -- Gordon, D M -- Maloy, W L -- Hoffman, S L -- Wirtz, R A -- Schneider, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Apr 24;236(4800):453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3551073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigens, Protozoan ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization, Passive ; Malaria/*prevention & control ; Mice ; Oligopeptides/immunology ; Plasmodium berghei/*immunology ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology ; *Vaccines, Synthetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Tissue distribution and developmental expression of the messenger RNA encoding angiogenin (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-07-17
    Description: New blood vessel growth occurs during normal fetal development and in diseases such as cancer and diabetes. The polypeptide angiogenin induces new blood vessel growth in two biological assays and may play a role in the vascular development of the fetus and in the neovascularization that accompanies diseases and wound healing. A complementary DNA probe for human angiogenin was used to examine the tissue distribution of angiogenin messenger RNA (mRNA) in the developing rat and in selected transformed cell lines. Angiogenin mRNA was detected predominantly in adult liver but was also detectable at low levels in other tissues. The expression of the angiogenin gene in rat liver was found to be developmentally regulated; mRNA levels were low in the developing fetus, increased in the neonate, and maximal in the adult. The amount of angiogenin mRNA in human HT-29 colon carcinoma and SK-HEP hepatoma cells was not greater than that in normal rat liver. These results demonstrate that angiogenin is predominantly expressed in adult liver, that the pattern of angiogenin gene expression is not temporally related to vascular development in the rat, and that the transformed cells studied do not contain more angiogenin mRNA than does normal liver. If angiogenin activity is controlled at the transcriptional level, the results of this study suggest that the primary function of angiogenin in vivo may be in processes other than the regulation of vascular growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiner, H L -- Weiner, L H -- Swain, J L -- HL26831/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 17;237(4812):280-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2440105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Liver/physiology ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; *Ribonuclease, Pancreatic ; Tissue Distribution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional mechanisms and histologic composition of the lingual appendage in the alligator snapping turtle, Macroclemys temmincki (Troost) (Testudines: Chelydridae) (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 194 (1987), S. 287-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Gross and microscopic examination of the lingual appendages of juvenile and adult alligator snapping turtles, Macroclemys temmincki, shows that it is divided into an anterior horn, a body, and a posterior horn. Lingual appendages of adults usually are more darkly pigmented than those of juveniles and melanocyte distribution is variable, resulting in a mottled appearance. The musculoskeletal components of the hyoid apparatus, presumably responsible for most of the motion displayed by the appendage, are described here. The lingual appendage is innervated by the lingual nerve which divides into three branches, two coursing rostrally into the anterior horn and one running caudally into the posterior horn. These branches ramify and end in numerous terminals within the lamina epithelialis and lamina propria. The lamina epithelialis of the distal three-fourths of the horns of the lingual appendage contain structures similar to taste buds described in other species of turtles. Goblet cells, containing acid mucopolysaccharides, are located in the stratified squamous epithelium. Blood is transported to the appendage via the lingual artery, which is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery. Numerous venous sinuses lie among the predominant bundles of connective tissue and account for approximately one-fifth of the total volume of the appendage. An engorged appendage is swollen and pinker in color.The coloration, enlargement, and wiggling movement combined with its buoyancy in water make the appendage imitate a small worm or an insect larva. The increase in melanin during ontogeny may produce a more variable pattern and may increase the number of organisms attracted by the appendage. The acid mucopolysaccharides of the globlet cells presumably may condition the nonkeratinized, stratified squamous epithelial surface of the appendage. The flexibility of the pseudoerect, active appendage keep it from being injured.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051940308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium mobilization in permeabilized fibroblasts: Effects of inositol trisphosphate, orthovanadate, mitogens, phorbol ester, and guanosine triphosphate (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 130 (1987), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Utilizing a digitonin-permeabilized cell system, we have studied the release of calcium from a non-mitochondrial intracellular compartment in cultured human fibroblasts (HSWP cells). Addition of 1 mM MgATP to a monolayer of permeabilized cells in a cytosolic media buffered to 150 nM Ca with EGTA rapidly stimulates 45Ca uptake, and the subsequent addition of the putative intracellular messenger inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) induces rapid release of 85% (±6% n = 6) of the 45Ca taken up in response to ATP. Mitogenic peptides (bradykinin, vasopressin, epidermal growth factor [EGF], and insulin) and orthovanadate, which are effective in mobilizing intracellular Ca in intact cells, have little or no effect when added alone to permeabilized cells. However, in the presence of GTP these agents stimulate accumulation of inositol phosphates and release Ca from the InsP3-sensitive pool. These data suggest that a GTP binding protein is involved in receptor mediated activation of phospholipase C, which leads to release of inositol phosphates. The GTP-dependent release of InsP3 and the mobilization of 45Ca from the intracellular compartment are inhibited by pretreatment of cells, prior to permeabilization, with the protrein kinase C activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). TPA pretreatment does not affect the InsP3 stimulated Ca release. These results suggest that protein kinase C is involved in down-regulation or inhibition of phospholipase C, or the GTP binding protein responsible for relaying the mitogenic signal from the cell surface receptor to the phospholipase C activity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041300106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of a human carcinoma (HEp3) in nude mice: Rapid and efficient metastasis (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 133 (1987), S. 288-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Our aim was to identify conditions which would permit the development of spontaneous metastasis of a human tumor in nude mice in a rapid and predictable manner and to explore ways to quantitate metastasis. Using a human squamous carcinoma-HEp3-we determined that invasiveness and metastasis were influenced by the host. HEp3 cells grew very rapidly and without a significant lag period in Balb/c and NIH(S)-II nude mice kept in aseptic conditions; a much longer lag period was observed in NIH-Swiss mice kept in conventional conditions. The HEp3 tumor displayed a highly invasive behavior in N-NIH(S)-II mice, in which it invaded the body wall, gaining access to the peritoneal cavity. Microinvasion was noted in all strains of mice inoculated with HEp3 cells. To prolong survival of the mice until metastases became evident, primary tumors were excised when they weighed 1-2 gm. N-NIH(S)-II and Balb/c nude mice, maintained in germ-free conditions, were most receptive to the development of metastases-lung metastases developed in 80% of these mice. Over 60% of all metastases were present within 4 weeks following the removal of the primary. Only 26% of tumor bearing NIH-Swiss developed lung metastases. Lung metastases were observed in some mice in the absence of local microinvasion, local tumor recurrence, and regardless of the presence of lymph node involvement. They were also noted in mice from which primary tumors were not excised. We compared three methods of lung metastasis detection: histology, detection of tumor cells in the cultures of lung minces, and the measurement of the levels of human urokinase-type plasminogen activator directly in the lysates of lungs. The detection of tumor cells in cultures of lung minces appeared to be the most sensitive of these methods and the determination of enzyme in lung lysates seemed to hold most promise for a quantitative approach. These data indicate that, the type of tumor, as well as the genetic background and the maintenance conditions of the host, have to be carefully selected to ensure the successful outcome of the particular tumor-host interaction being studied. Adherence to these guidelines allowed us, in the case of the HEp3 tumor, to develop a rapid, predictable, and efficient model in which to study factors affecting metastasis of this human tumor.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041330212
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verapamil inhibits serotonin uptake of endothelial cells in culture by a mechanism unrelated to Ca2+ channel blockade (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 132 (1987), S. 178-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Verapamil inhibited Na+-dependent uptake of serotonin (5-HT) by bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture both exposed to room air and stimulated by prior exposure to anoxia. The effect of verapamil occurred even in the absence of Ca2+ from the assay medium. Although absence of Ca2+ from the medium moderately reduced 5-HT uptake, stimulation of uptake was nevertheless observed for cells previously exposed to anoxia. Verapamil altered the Km, but not the Vmax, of 5-HT uptake. There was no change in 45Ca2+ uptake or release by cells previously exposed to anoxia as compared to those exposed to room air and verapamil did not influence 45Ca2+ fluxes by either set of cells. It is concluded that verapamil inhibits 5-HT uptake by endothelial cells through a mechanism other than Ca2+ channel blockade; the results are consistent with competitive inhibition of a 5-HT carrier. The stimulatory effect of anoxia on 5-HT uptake does not occur through a change in Ca2+ fluxes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320126
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free sterol metabolism and low density lipoprotein receptor expression as differentiation markers of cultured human keratinocytes (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 132 (1987), S. 428-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In contrast to most tissues, epidermis and its derivatives appear to lack low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and exhibit sterologenesis rates unaffected by circulating lipoprotein (LP) cholesterol content. Since LDL receptors have been demonstrated in both cultured squamous cell carcinoma cells and human foreskin keratinocytes, when maintained in low-calcium media, LDL receptor expression may be related to keratinocyte differentiation. We compared receptor binding and internalization of LDL-gold in normal keratinocytes at different stages of growth at physiological calcium concentrations (early, 3-5 days; preconfluent, 6-10 days; postconfluent, 12-17 days), and correlated receptor expression with sterologenesis in LP-replete vs.-depleted media. Whereas in early cultures about 60% of sterologenesis was LP dependent, this fraction declined in preconfluent and confluent cultures despite continued culture growth and little decline in total sterologenesis. Accordingly, LDL receptors were most evident in early cultures, declining in preconfluent cultures in parallel with the decrease in LP-dependent sterol synthesis. In contrast, sterologenesis in human foreskin fibroblasts was profoundly influenced by exogenous LP at all stages of confluence; total and LP-dependent sterologenesis declined in parallel with growth cessation. These studies represent the first demonstration that normal keratinocytes express functional LDL receptors at physiologic calcium concentrations. Moreover, they demonstrate that LDL receptor expression in keratinocytes, in contrast to fibroblasts, can only in part be attributed to growth requirements. Instead, loss of LDL receptor expression serves as a distinctive marker of keratinocyte differentiation and may reflect the specific functional requirements of the epidermis in vivo.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320305
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