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  • oviposition
  • Springer  (18)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (18)
  • 1989  (7)
  • 1987  (11)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (18)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
Years
  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (18)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 143-171 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: host examination ; host recognition ; locomotion ; parasitoid ; Trichogramma minutum ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The host examination behavior of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma minutumon spherical Manduca sextahosts is described. The mean walking speed during host examination was 0.64 ± 0.03 mm s −1 and is independent of wasp size. The paths taken by the wasps are not evenly distributed over the host surface; the majority of time is spent below 45 ° latitude. The distribution of oviposition sites is also nonrandom with respect to latitude and is not influenced by phototaxic and geotaxic responses. The initial transit made by the wasps over the host surface is a straight path which frequently passes across the highest point on the host. The length and duration of the initial transit are independent of wasp body length. However, stride length and stepping rates are proportional to wasp body length, and small wasps take more steps to complete their initial transit. The roles of the examination walk in host recognition and host volume measurement by Trichogrammaare also discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 125-131 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Trichogramma minutum ; oviposition ; parasitism ; host density ; progeny allocation ; fecundity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der parasitischen Wespe Trichogramma minutum hängt die Menge abgelegter Eier teilweise von der räumlichen Verteilung seines Insektenwirtes ab. In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss von unterschiedlichen Abständen zwischen den Wirtstieren auf die Anzahl von Nachkommen pro Ei beschrieben und mögliche Mechanismen zur Bestimmung der Wirtsdichte vorgeschlagen. Die Anzahl von Nachkommen pro Wirtsei verringert sich mit kleiner werdendem Abstand zwischen den Wirtseiern. Es wird vermutet dass die Wespen ein Mass für die Häufigkeit von Wirtsbegegnungen, z.B. Zeit oder Abstand zwischen Wirten als Schlüssel für die Bestimmung der Menge von Nachkommen benutzen. Diese Erscheinung kann nicht auf Superparasitismus von weiter entfernten Wirten zurückgeführt werden. Einzelne Wirte, die nur einmal von den Wespen parasitiert werden durften, erhielten die gleiche Anzahl von Eiern, wie die am weitesten verteilten Wirte. Darüber hinaus wurde kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl parasitierter Wirte und der durchschnittlichen Grösse der Nachkommenschaft pro Wespe gefunden. Das weist darauf hin, dass die Wespen nicht einfach mit jeder weiteren Wirtsbegegnung ihre Menge zugewiesener Nachkommen verringern. Schliesslich wird der Einfluss von unterschiedlicher Anzahl von Nachkommen auf die Wirtsmortalität diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The clutch size of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is in part adjusted in response to the spatial distribution of its insect egg hosts. This paper describes the effects on progeny allocation of differences in the distance separating single hosts, and a possible mechanism is proposed. The number of progeny laid into a single host decreases with reduced interhost distance. The effect is not due to superparasitism of more widely spaced hosts, since single hosts which the wasps are allowed to parasitize only once receive only as many eggs as the most widely spaced host. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the number of hosts parasitized and the mean clutch size for each wasp, indicating that the wasps do not simply reduce progeny allocation with successive host encouters. Instead, the wasps may use a measure of the frequency of host encouter, for example the time or distance between hosts, as a cue to set cluch size. Comparisons of clutch size for first and second hosts parasitized showed that there is an initial large reduction in clutch size, after which all subsequent hosts parasitized are allocated a constant, reduced number of progeny. The implications of changes in clutch size for the parasitization rate of the wasps are discussed.
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  • 3
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    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 169-173 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: cowpea weevil ; Callosobruchus maculatus ; host selection ; oviposition ; sense organs ; ablation ; palpi ; antennae ; foretarsi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les ablations ont servi d'étape initiale lors de la détermination des organes sensoriels impliqués dans la sélection du lieu de ponte par C. maculatus. Les antennes, les tarses antérieurs, les palpes (maxillaires et labiaux) ont été retirés seuls ou en combinaison. Les femelles ont eu des choix binaires entre les graines de 4 légumineuses: Cicer arietinum, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata. Chaque combinaison d'ablations était accompagnée d'un témoin chez lequel les mêmes ablations étaient unilatérales. C'est l'ablation des palpes qui a le plus modifié le choix de l'hôte; l'influence relative des autres organes dépendait des paires d'hôtes offerts. Différents organes peuvent fournir des influx opposés quant à l'hôte préféré certaines ablations ont conduit à une inversion complète des préférences. Il semble que les influx sensoriels formaient une gamma avec hiérarchie dominante. Dans les choix binaires, les préférences initiales des femelles intactes ont été supprimées avec l'ablation des palpes seuls, cependant elles n'avaient pas été modifiées par l'ablation conjointe des palpes et des tarses. Dans ces expériences, l'influx antennaire ne devenait dominant qu'après ablation des deux autres organes sensoriels. Les préférences des femelles avec ablations unilatérales ne différaient pas de celles des femelles intactes.
    Notes: Abstract Ablations were performed to identify the sense organs used in host selection by ovipositing cowpea weevils, Callosobruchus maculatus. Antennae, foretarsi and palpi (maxillary + labial) were removed singly or in combination, and females were offered pairwise choices of four host species. Removal of the palpi consistently had the greatest effect on host choice, whereas the relative importance of other organs depended on the pair of hosts tested. Different organs may provide conflicting input as to the ‘preferred’ host; certain ablations led to a complete reversal in preference (as opposed to a simple loss of discrimination). Input from separate organs appeared to be received in a dominance hierarchy.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 719-730 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; oviposition ; deterrent ; capsaicin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory choice experiments, the spices dill, paprika, black pepper, chili powder, ginger, and red pepper deterredDelia antiqua oviposition by 88–100%. Dose-response choice tests demonstrated that 1 mg of ground cayenne pepper (GCP) placed within 1 cm of artificial onion foliage reduced oviposition by 78%. A synthetic analog of capsaicin, the principal flavor ingredient of red peppers, deterred oviposition by 95% when present at 320 ppm in the top centimeter of sand (the ovipositional substrate). However, in no-choice conditions 10 mg GCP was not an effective deterrent. Sevana Bird Repellent and Agrigard Insect Repellent both use red pepper as a principal ingredient; at recommended field rates, neither of these materials was an effective ovipositional deterrent either in laboratory or field. Capsaicin-based materials do not appear to be candidates for onion maggot control via behavioral modification.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1261-1277 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Onion fly ; onion maggot ; Delia antiqua ; Hylemya antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; host selection ; oviposition ; dipropyl disulfide ; behavior ; herbivore ; plant-insect interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Onion fly females,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) laid the most eggs on ovipositional dishes havingn-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) release rates of 1–6 ng/sec from polyethylene capsules placed beneath a sand substrate. When dipropyl disulfide was released from the wax coating of surrogate foliage rather than from the substrate, ovipositing females again responded differentially to various concentrations, laying more eggs around stems containing 0.075 and 0.089 mg/stem. Factorial combinations of several concentrations released from surrogate foliage and substrate showed that releases from surrogate foliage stimulated four times more egg-laying than releases from the substrate. Females tended to lay more eggs around surrogate stems having Pr2S2 at the base rather than on the upper half of foliage. Observations of individual females performing preovipositional examining behaviors on Pr2S2-treated surrogate stems indicated that females tended to land on the upper portions of the foliage, but after landing, spent most of their time examining areas of soil and surrogate within 1 cm of the soil-surrogate foliage interface. Surrogate stems provide a realistic context for investigating effects of plant chemicals on host-acceptance behaviors.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 65-72 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ceratitis capitata ; learning ; foraging ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des femelles sauvages d'une population essentiellement monophage de C. capitata Wiedemann, provenant de l'île de Hawaï, ont été mises en présence pendant des périodes de 3 jours dans des enceintes dans la nature à des fruits de Murraya paniculata et de Citrus sinensis suspendus à des branches d'arbres empotés. Quand les mouches ont été libérées individuellement sur les arbres empotés portant l'un ou l'autre de ces fruits (ou leur mélange), une plus forte proportion a visité le fruit avec lequel elles étaient familiarisées (et l'ont trouvé plus vite) que le fruit avec lequel elles ne n'étaient pas. De plus, les femelles découvrant des fruits de cette population monophage ne tentèrent de pondre que dans le type de fruit avec lequel elle étaient familiarisées. Elles se montrèrent aussi capables que les mouches d'une population polyphage de l'île de Maui d'apprendre à accepter de nouveaux fruits pour pondre. Des expériences complémentaires ont été réalisées dans lesquelles les mouches étaient mises en présence de fruits de M. paniculata ou de C. sinensis naturels ou couverts de cire colorée ou encore de fruits artificiels. Les résultats suggèrent que la taille du fruit est le principal critère d'apprentissage utilisé pour trouver M. paniculata ou C. sinensis, la couleur et l'odeur du fruit étant apparus comme de moindre importance ou sans effet.
    Notes: Abstract Wild Mediterranean fruit fly females, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), from an essentially monophagous population on the island of Hawaii were exposed to natural mock orange (Murraya paniculata) or sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) host fruit hung from branches of potted trees for 3-day periods in field enclosures. Subsequently, when flies were released individually onto potted trees harboring one or the other (or a mixture) of these fruit types, a higher proportion visited the type of fruit with which they were familiar (and visitors found familiar fruit faster) compared with the fruit type with which they were unfamiliar. Moreover, fruit-finding flies of this monophagous population attempted oviposition exclusively in the familiar fruit type, and thus appeared to be just as capable of learning to accept fruit for oviposition as wild flies from a previously-tested polyphagous population on the island of Maui. Additional tests were conducted in which flies were exposed to natural or colored-wax-covered mock oranges or sweet oranges and tested for response to colored-wax-covered natural or artificial fruit. Results suggested that fruit size was the principal character learned and used in finding mock orange or sweet orange fruit, while fruit color and odor appeared to be of little or no importance in this regard.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 117-124 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; lepidoptera ; noctuidae ; host finding ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a laboratory flight tunnel, mated female, unmated female, and male adult cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), exhibited chemically mediated anemotaxis (attraction) in response to intact potted cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea L.), leading to contact with the plant. Similar attraction responses were also observed by mated females to potted soybean (Glycine max (L.)), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), and celery (Apium graveolens L.) plants in noncompetitive comparisons. Mated females, unmated females, and males flew to cabbage plants throughout the scotophase. Response rates for mated females were higher than for unmated females and males. Mated female cabbage loopers were attracted by odors of cabbage, soybean, tomato, or celery piped into a flight tunnel from single plants held in glass jars and not to odors of the non-host plant Setcreasea purpurea, or to humidified air. They were also attracted to water washings of cabbage at dosages of 0.4 to 2.0 gram equivalents, when presented on cotton dental wicks in the flight tunnel.
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  • 8
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    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 939-942 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Acid rain ; apple maggot fly ; host plant selection ; oviposition ; pollution ; Rhagoletis pomonella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tephritid fruit fly,Rhagoletis pomonella, is less likely to attempt oviposition in host fruit that have been exposed to acid rain or to a simulated acid rain solution (pH〈3.8). Electrophysiological data suggest that acid rain residue on the fruit surface may interfere with the sensory mechanisms that the fly uses during recognition and acceptance of host fruit.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 45 (1987), S. 65-72 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ceratitis capitata ; learning ; genetic variation ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des Ceratitis capitata femelles, élevées au laboratoire ou obtenues dans la nature à partir d'Eriobotrya japonica, ont été mises en présence de Citrus sinensis et de Murraya paniculata. L'effet de l'accoutumance à une espèce de fruit sur l'acceptation ultérieure des fruits d'une espèce déterminée (c'est-à-dire l'apprentissage) n'était pas le même pour les mouches sauvages et pour les mouches de laboratoire accoutumées à M. paniculata. Les mouches sauvages accoutumées à M. paniculata tentent de pondre dans C. sinensis beaucoup moins fréquemment que dans M. paniculata. Par contre, les mouches de laboratoire accoutumées à M. paniculata tentent de pondre dans M. paniculata aussi souvent que dans C. sinensis. Des différences du même type entre mouches sauvages et mouches du laboratoire ont été observées quand les individus mis en expérience avec une espèce de fruit ont été ensuite exposés à l'autre espèce, c'est-à-dire lors de réapprentissage. L'acceptation finale par les mouches de laboratoire dépend un peu plus de l'exposition à C. sinensis et un peu moins à celle de M. paniculata que lors de l'acceptation finale par des mouches sauvages. Enfin, des mouches sauvages accoutumées à C. sinensis et privées de leurs fruits, conservent un jour de plus l'effet de l'accoutumance, lors de l'acceptation de M. paniculata, que les mouches de laboratoire placées dans les mêmes conditions. Nous émettons l'hypothèse qu'une sélection due aux conditions d'élevage est à l'origine de ces différences. L'élevage dans de grandes bouteilles de polyéthylène peut sélectionner des mouches qui apprennent plus difficilement en présence de petits fruits comme M. paniculata et qui conservent l'influence de l'expérience pendant un temps plus bref.
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory-reared and wild-collected adult female Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, were exposed to two host fruit species, sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) and mock orange (Murraya paniculata Jack: Rutaceae). The effect of experience with a fruit species on acceptance of these fruit species (i.e., learning) differed between lab and wild females, but only for flies that were exposed to mock orange. Similar differences in fruit acceptance between lab and wild females were observed when individuals experienced with one fruit species were exposed to the other fruit species (i.e., switching). Finally, when each group was exposed to sweet orange, wild flies subsequently deprived of host fruit retained the effect of exposure on acceptance of mock orange 1 day longer than did lab flies subsequently deprived of host fruit. An hypothesis is presented by which selection under artificial culture gave rise to these differences.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 45 (1987), S. 251-258 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ceratitis capitata ; foraging behavior ; oviposition ; Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons étudié le comportement de prospection dans un arbre, de femelles d'une population sauvage de C. capitata, libérées individuellement à l'intérieur de cages contenant des Eriobotrya japonica (kumquat), portant chacun 3 densités différentes de fruits no contaminés (0, 3, 12 par arbre) et chacun 2 niveaux de qualité de fruits: 12 fruits non infestés ou 12 fruits contaminés par des oeufs et recouverts de phéromone de marquage de l'hôte. C. capitata avait terndance à rester plus longtemps dans les arbres, à visiter plus de fruits avant le quitter, à pondre plus souvent, à accepter proportionnellement un nombre plus réduit de fruits déjà visités, à émigrer plus tôt après la ponte du dernier oeuf (c'est-à-dire à présenter un temps d'abandon plus bref), quand la densité des fruits non contaminés augmentait. C. capitata a dépensé beaucoup moins de temps, pondu beaucoup moins souvent, et présenté un temps d'abandon plus long sur les arbres portant des fruits marqués par la phéromone que sur ceux ayant des fruits non contaminés. Les variations de température dans la gamme de cells où les observations ont eu lieu (23–36°C) n'ont eu qu'une faible influence décelable sur le comportement de prospection. Nous avons comparé nos résultats avec ceux publiés sur la prospection à l'intérieur de l'arbre par une autre téphritide (Rhagoletis pomonella) et avec la théorie dominante sur le comportement de prospection. Nous discutons les conséquences de nos résultats sur les stratégies de lutte contre C. capitata, en particulier l'élimination des fruits dans les plans d'erradication et l'utilisation de phéromone synthétique de marquage.
    Notes: Abstract We examined the intra-tree foraging behavior of individually-released, wild-population Mediterranean fruit flies (medflies), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), on field-caged host trees bearing each of three different densities (0, 3, or 12 per tree) of non-infested host fruit (kumquat) or each of two levels of fruit quality (12 non-infested fruit or 12 fruit infested with eggs and covered with host marking pheromone). With increasing density of non-infested fruit, medflies tended to remain longer in trees, visit more fruit before leaving, oviposit more often, accept a proportionately smaller number of fruit visited, and emigrate sooner after the last egg was laid (i.e. have a shorter Giving-Up-Time). Medflies spent much less time, oviposited much less often, and exhibited a longer Giving-Up-Time on trees harboring pheromone-marked fruit than non-infested fruit. Variation in temperature within the range at which experiments were conducted (25–36°C) had little detectable influence on foraging behavior. We compare our findings with published findings on the intra-tree foraging behavior of another tephritid fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), and with current foraging behavior theory. We discuss implications of our findings with respect to medfly management strategies, particularly fruit stripping in eradication programs and use of synthetic marking pheromone for control.
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