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  • Chemistry  (213)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (39)
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • 1985-1989  (254)
  • 1986  (254)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The problems concerning the dynamics of populations of the sounded atmospheric gas molecule levels taking into account the nonmonochromatic character of radiation, durations of exciting and sounding pulses, rates of relaxation of excited vibration-rotation states population along different channels in a natural multicomponent mixture of gases and air were investigated. The problems of spectroscopic software, completeness and accuracy of the initial spectroscopic information, information on channels and rates of relaxation from the viewpoint of developing specific schemes of sounding are discussed. The values of deviations of vibration-rotation level populations of some atmospheric molecules from their equilibrium value at simultaneous action of double frequency radiation on the sounding path and the corresponding dynamic variation of lidar return amplitude were estimated. The importance of nonlinear spectrosopic effects in the lidar return value variation at sounding radiation frequency equaling the resonance frequency of vibration-rotation transition in the problem on sounding the humidity profiles and concentrations of gaseous pollutants was also estimated.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center 13th International Laser Radar Conference; 2 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The 1980 data on VLBI were analyzed using two techniques: weighted least squares (WLS) and Kalman filtering (KF), estimating corrections to the 14 terms in the nutation series that have the largest coefficients and that could be separated spectrally using the VLBI data available. The estimates of the coefficients from the two analyses are in good agreement, with the rms difference between the two sets being 0.07 milliarcsec. The largest corrections to the nutation amplitudes found were -(/1.89 + or - 0.17/ + i/0.49 + or 0.17/) milliarcsec (WLS) and -(/2.03 + or - 0.12/ + i/0.38 + or - 0.12/) milliarcsec (KF) for the retrograde annual nutation; for the prograde semiannual nutation, the largest corrections were (/0.45 + or - 0.13/ + i/0.31 + or - 0.13/) milliarcsec (WLS) and (/0.43 + or - 0.10/ + i/0.34 + or 0.10/) milliarcsec (KF). The corrections of the amplitudes for all other terms (both in-phase and out-of-phase) were less than 0.3 milliarcsec.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An examination of the ages and sizes of 114 terrestrial impact craters shows that their aging kinetics can be described by the diffusion laws. The macrodiffusion coefficient which determines random displacements of mineral masses on the Earth has a mean value of 0.02 sq m/year. The amount of matter in a crater that contains information about the impact event decreases with time according to the 1/T law. The basic characteristic parameter of a crater is its initial area, inasmuch as sufficiently large craters are nearly surficial formations. The relaxation time of a crater is proportional to its initial area.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-88428 , NAS 1.15:88428
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Analysis of 211 very long baseline interferometry observing sessions carried out between November 1979 and August 1984 has yielded estimates of the distances between various radio telescopes located in North America and Europe. The average rate of change of the distances between four radio telescopes in North America (Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts; Westford Radio Telescope, Massachusetts; George R. Agassiz Station, Texas; and Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California) and one in Europe (Onsala Space Observatory, Sweden) obtained from the analysis of these data is 19 + or 10 mm/yr, where the (68 percent confidence interval) standard deviation is for the estimate of the rate of change of the Haystack-Onsala baseline length, the one determined most accurately from these data. This estimate of the standard deviation is dominated by the effects of correlated systematic errors due mostly to errors in the model used for the atmospheric delay which introduces errors in each baseline length estimate of 40 mm standard deviation and 60 days correlation time. (By contrast the statistical standard deviation is only 2 mm/yr). The estimated geologic rates of change of these baseline lengths, averaged over 10 to the 6th years, are 15 to 17 + or - 3 mm/yr for the various North American sites to Ondala.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 8341-834
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of compact extragalactic radio sources collected in North America and Europe between July 1980-December 1984 are analyzed. The nutations derived from VLBI data are compared with the nutations in the Wahr series (1981). Good correlation of the data is observed; however, it is detected that a correction of -1.80 + or - 0.18-i(0.42 + or - 0.18) is required for the amplitude of the retrograde annual nutation in the Wahr series. The change in free core nutation resonance frequency is calculated to explain the derivation in the retrograde annual nutation. It is concluded that VLBI earth nutation measurements have sufficient accuracy to be sensitive to core-mantle boundary properties.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 4745-476
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 1459-1479 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study of molecular orientation in a series of five one-way-drawn sheets of poly(ethylene terephthalate) is reported. Five orientation averages Plmnr which characterize the benzene-ring orientation were determined directly by Raman spectroscopy. Two further averages P202r and P222r were determined from a combination of Raman spectroscopy and refractive index measurements on the basis of two different conformational models. As in a previous publication, the seven averages Plmnr were used to estimate all the Plmnr up to fourth order for the benzene rings on the assumption that in each case the actual distribution of orientations is close to the most probable distribution. The seven orientation averages Plmnr for each drawn sheet were also compared with those calculated on the basis of two simple models for the development of molecular orientation during drawing, the pseudoaffine deformation scheme and the rubber network model. It was shown that the orientation of the chain axes is closer to that predicted by the rubber network model, the pseudoaffine deformation scheme greatly overestimating the degree of chain biaxiality. The results also show that the benzene ring planes are preferentially oriented toward the planes of the sheets. The chain axis orientation is, however, nearly uniaxial and similar to that observed for uniaxially drawn samples, suggesting that there is no direct connection between the processes of chain axis orientation and preferential orientation of the benzene-ring planes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 1481-1492 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The aggregate model is extended to examine the relationship between mechanical anisotropy and molecular orientation in one-way drawn sheets of poly(ethylene terephthalate). It is assumed that both the aggregate and the unit of structure have orthorhombic symmetry. On the basis of a number of detailed assumptions regarding the appropriate application of the model, calculated bounds are obtained for the elastic constants that are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. The implications of these results with regard to molecular orientation are considered, and it is concluded that both the chain orientation and orientation around the chain axis are important in determining the mechanical anisotropy.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 144 (1986), S. 129-137 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neue thermostabile heterocyclische Polymere, die phenylsubstituierte Chinoxaline sowie Amid- und Imidstruktureinheiten enthalten, wurden durch Polykondensation in Lösung bei niedriger Temperatur aus Diaminophenylchinoxalinen und Disäurechloriden verschiedener aromatischer Carbonsäuren, die Imidgruppen enthielten, hergestellt. Sowohl die thermische Stabilität als auch die elektrischen Eigenschaften dieser Polyphenylchinoxalin-Amid-Imide werden diskutiert.
    Notes: New thermostable heterocyclic polymers containing phenylsubstituted quinoxaline and both amide and imide units have been synthesized by low temperature solution polycondensation of diaminophenylquinoxalines with diacid chlorides of certain aromatic acids containing preformed imide rings. The thermal stability as well as electrical properties of these polyphenylquinoxaline-amide-imides are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß der Temperatur bei der Herstellung von vernetzten Polyacrylamid-Cryogelen auf die Bildungskinetik und die Eigenschaften der Cryogele wird untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, daß bei dem untersuchten System die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Gelierungsgeschwindigkeit und der Gelausbeute im Bereich von -10°C bis -30°C einen Extermal-charakter hat. Die Temperatur der Cryostrukturierung hat einen deutlichen Einfluß auf die Makrostruktur der porösen Polymergele. Dies wird durch Scanning-Elektronenmikroskopie und die Untersuchung der hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften der Cryogele bestätigt.
    Notes: The influence of the temperature of preparation of cross-linked polyacrylamide cryogels on the dynamics of their formation and on the properties of the materials formed was investigated. It was shown that for the given system dependences of gelation rate and gel-fraction yield upon temperature within the range -10°C to -30°C are of extremal character. The temperature of cryostructurization markedly influences the macrostructure of the porous polymeric gel. This is verified by the data obtained by scanning electron microscopy and by the hydrodynamic properties of the cryogels.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß des Blutserums in vitro 16 Monate bei 40°C auf die Eigenschaften von Poly-bis-(trifluorethoxy)phosphazen-Filmen mit 0,16 Mol-% anomalen Kettengliedern mit unsubstituierten P - Cl-Gruppen und [η] = 4,00 dl/g in Aceton wird untersucht. Unter diesen Bedingungen ist das Polymer gegen biologischen Abbau beständig. Die Abnahme von [η] im Laufe der ersten drei Monate um 25% beeinflußt die Festigkeitseigenschaften der Filme praktisch nicht und kann durch hydrolytischen Abbau an den anomalen Gliedern erklärt werden. Die Kristallisation des Polymers während des medizinisch-biologischen Versuchs beeinflußt das mechanische Verhalten der Filme.
    Notes: The effect of blood serum in vitro during 16 month at 40°C on the properties of poly-bis-(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene films containing 0.16 mole-% anomalous units of unsubstituted P - Cl-groups in the chain and being characterized by [η] = 4.00 dl/g in acetone has been investigated. Under these conditions the polymer shows biological resistance. The decrease in [η] to 75% of the original value during the first three months exerts actually no effect on the strength of the films and can be explained by hydrolytic degradation of the anomalous units of the chain. The crystallization of the polymer during medical-biological tests affects the mechanical properties of the films.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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