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  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens  (2)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1986  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-DNA structure in transgenic tobacco plants with multiple independent integration sites (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 205 (1986), S. 34-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; Binary vector ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Kanamycin-resistance traits ; Genetic loci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Transgenic tobacco plants were produced by inoculation of leaf disks withAgrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a disarmed binary vector containing soybean leghemoglobin Lbc3 and glycinin G2 genes. Physical and genetic characterization of these plants indicated that one to six copies of DNA from the vector were transferred and maintained in the plant genome. Approximately 30% of the copies transferred were found to be incomplete or rearranged and in some cases joined as inverted repeats. The transferred DNA was found at multiple genetic loci in five of the six cases examined. In one plant, kanamycin-resistance traits were at four independent chromosomal positions, although two were genetically linked at about 3 centimorgans. Thus,Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer to plants has some characteristics in common with “natural” systems in animals, such as retroviral or P-element derived systems, some characteristics in common with “artificial” systems, such as microinjection, electroporation, or calcium phosphate coprecipitation techniques, and some novel characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02428030
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A disarmed binary vector from Agrobacterium tumefaciens functions in Agrobacterium rhizogenes (1986)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 6 (1986), S. 403-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; A. rhizogenes ; hairy root ; plant ; transformation ; vector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Binary Ti plasmid vector systems consist of two plasmids in Agrobacterium, where one plasmid contains the DNA that can be transferred to plant cells and the other contains the virulence (vir) genes which are necessary for the DNA transfer but are not themselves stably transferred. We have constructed two nononcogenic vectors (pARC4 and pARC8) based on the binary Ti plasmid system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens for plant transformation. Each vector contains the left and right termini sequences from pTiT37. These sequences, which determine the extent of DNA transferred to plant cells, flank unique restriction enzyme sites and a marker gene that functions in the plant (nopaline synthase in pARC4 or neomycin phosphotransferase in pARC8). After construction in vitro, the vectors can be conjugatively transferred from E. coli to any of several Agrobacterium strains containing vir genes. Using A. rhizogenes strain A4 containing the resident Ri plasmid plus a vector with the nopaline synthase marker, we found that up to 50% of the hairy roots resulting from the infection of alfalfa or tomato synthesized nopaline. Thus, vector DNA encoding an unselected marker was frequently co-transferred with Ri plasmid DNA to an alfalfa or a tomato cell. In contrast, the frequency of co-transfer to soybean cells was difficult to estimate because we encountered a high background of non-transformed roots using this species. Up to five copies of the vector DNA between the termini sequences were faithfully transferred and maintained in most cases suggesting that the termini sequences and the vir genes from the Ri and Ti plasmids are functionally equivalent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027133
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  • 3
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    Variation of cosmic rays and solar wind properties with respect to the heliospheric current sheet. II - Rigidity dependence of the latitudinal gradient of cosmic rays at 1 AU (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The role which empirical determinations of the latitudinal variation of cosmic rays with respect to the current sheet may have in illuminating the importance of the cross-field drift of particles in the large-scale heliospheric magnetic field is discussed. Using K coronameter observations and measured solar wind speeds, the latitudinal gradients have been determined with respect to the current sheet for cosmic rays in four rigidity ranges. Gradients vary between approximately -2 and -50 pct/AU. The rigidity dependence of the decrease of cosmic ray flux with distance from the current sheet lies between the -0.72 to -0.86 power of the rigidity, with the exact dependence being determined by the definition used for the median rigidity of each monitor.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 2879-288
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The dependence of solar modulation on the sign of the cosmic ray particle charge (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: ISEE-3 spacecraft cosmic ray telescope data on the modulation of cosmic ray electrons are compared with IMP-8 spacecraft data on low energy He atoms to evaluate the effects of solar maxima on cosmic ray modulation. The investigation is constrained to the modulation of 70-95 MeV He-4 nuclei and 600-1000 MeV electrons over the period 1965-1984, an interval covering solar maxima in 1970 and 1981. It is shown that the occurrences of solar maxima are associated with magnetic field polarity reversals. When the interplanetary magnetic field reverses polarity, oppositely charged particles flow in different directions, thereby permitting studies of drift effects and modulation. Data on the recovery periods after the solar maxima show that the He-4 nuclei recovered before the electron population in 1970, while the situation was reversed in 1981. Actual flux ratio reversals were recorded in the years surrounding the maxima. Although the data support a connection between modulation of cosmic rays and the sign of charged particles, current models cannot account for the deviation of electron intensities from the nuclei intensities.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 2858-286
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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