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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (118)
  • Humans  (82)
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • 1985-1989  (225)
  • 1986  (225)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of metastasis-associated cell surface glycoproteins and mRNA in a murine large cell lymphoma (1986)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 31 (1986), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: tumor metastasis ; gene expression ; oncogenes ; virus antigens ; glycoproteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A metastatic variant cell subline of the Abelson virus-transformed murine large lymphoma/lymphosarcoma RAW 117 has been selected in vivo ten times for liver colonization. Highly metastatic subline RAW117-H10 forms greater than 200 times as many gross surface liver tumor nodules as the parental line RAW117-P. Analysis of cellular proteins and glycoproteins indicates reduced expression of murine Moloney leukemia virus-associated p15, p30, and gp70, and increased expression of a sialoglycoprotein, gp150, in the highly metastatic H10 cells. Northern analyses of oncogene expression suggested that mRNA of various oncogenes was expressed equally or not expressed in the RAW117 cells of differing metastatic potential. Differential gene expression was examined using a cDNA library of 17,600 clones established from poly A+ mRNA isolated from H10 cells. The cDNA library was screened by the colony hybridization technique using probes made from both RAW117-P and -H10 cells. Approximately 99.5% of these cDNA clones were expressed identically in P and H10 cells. Of the few differentially expressed cDNA clones (approx. 150/17,600), one-half of these were identified as Moloney leukemia virus sequences in a separate probing with a radiolabeled Moloney leukemia virus probe. The remainder of the differentially expressed mRNA detected by colony hybridization of the cDNA library were expressed at higher levels (approx. 1/6) or lower levels (approx. 1/3) in the highly metastatic H10 cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240310408
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  • 2
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    Multiple, distinct forms of bovine and human protein kinase C suggest diversity in cellular signaling pathways (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-22
    Description: A new family of protein kinase C-related genes has been identified in bovine, human, and rat genomes. The alpha-, beta-, and gamma-type protein kinase sequences are highly homologous, include a kinase domain, and potential calcium-binding sites, and they contain interspersed variable regions. The corresponding genes are located on distinct human chromosomes; the possibility of even greater genetic complexity of this gene family is suggested by Northern and Southern hybridization analyses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coussens, L -- Parker, P J -- Rhee, L -- Yang-Feng, T L -- Chen, E -- Waterfield, M D -- Francke, U -- Ullrich, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 22;233(4766):859-66.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3755548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18 ; Dna ; Genes ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Kinase C/*genetics ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Video analysis of chemotactic locomotion of stored human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: PMN chemotaxis ; PMN storage ; PMN locomotion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies of the storage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have used an empirical approach to define “optimal” conditions. To date, no storage conditions have been described which satisfactorily preserve the chemotactic function of PMNs beyond 24 h. In an effort to define the precise nature of the storage lesion, we studied the chemotactic locomotion of freshly isolated PMNs and PMNs which had been suspended in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPD-Al) plasma and stored in PVC bags, at 20-22°C for 24 h. We used time-lapse video recording and computer image analysis to quantitate the motion of PMNs migrating under agarose. The positions of individual motile cells were traced at 1-min intervals for 5 min. The following parameters were used to quantitate migration: (1) speed (distance/min), (2)) persistence of locomotion index (velocity/speed), (3) orientation angle (the angle of the vector describing the next displacement of a cell relative lo a direct line toward the chemoattractant), and (4) chemotropic index (cosine of the orientation angle). After 24 h of storage, the following changes were observed: (1) fewer cells migrated, (2) (he speed of migrating cells was reduced by 25%, (3) the persistence of locomotion index decreased by 7%, which indicates that migrating cells made slightly more/wider turns, and (4) the chemotropic index was decreased by 30%, which indicates that migrating cells were less accurate in their orientation toward the chemoattractant. Apparently, the storage of PMNs selectively impairs the ability of some cells to orient accurately in a chemotactic gradient and changes the distribution of these locomotor parameters within the population.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060507
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rearrangement of tubulin, actin, and myosin in cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes of the adult rat (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 291-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; microtubule ; microfilament ; adult ; culture ; cardiac ; myocyte ; immunofluorescence ; antibodies ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Antitubulin, phalloidin. and antimyosin were used to study the distribution of microtubules, microfilaments, and myofibrils in cultured adult cardiomyocytes. These cells undergo a stereotypic sequence of morphological change in which myotypic features are lost and then reconstructed during a period of polymorphic growth. Microtubules, though rearranged during these events in culture, are always present in an organized network. Myosin and actin structures, on the other hand, initially degenerate. This initial degeneration is reversed when a cell attaches to the culture substratum. Upon attachment, new microtubules are laid down as a cortical network adjacent to the sarcolemma and, subsequently, as a network in the basal part of the cell. Actin and then myosin filament bundles appear next, in a pattern corresponding to the pattern of the microtubules. Finally, striated myofibrils are formed, first in the central part of the cell, and subsequently in the outgrowing processes of the cell, A mechanism is suggested by which the eventual polymorphic shape of a cell is related to the shape of its initial area of contact with the culture substratum. Finally, a model of myofibrillogenesis is proposed in which microtubules participate in the insertion of myosin among previously formed actin filament bundles to produce myofibrils.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060306
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Markedly altered membrane transport and intracellular binding of vincristine in multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster cells selected for resistance to vinca alkaloids (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 126 (1986), S. 266-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies of a multidrug-resistant variant (DC-3F/VCRd-5L) of Chinese hamster lung cells selected for resistance to vinca alkaloids revealed marked alterations in transport and intracellular binding of [3H]vincristine compared to parental DC-3F cells. Influx of [3H]vincristine in DC-3F cells appears to be an equilibrating, but mediated, process. Although saturation kinetics for [3H]vincristine influx were not demonstrated, an extremely high temperature-dependence (Q1027-37°C = 5-6) and trans-inhibition of influx following preloading of cells with nonradioactive vincristine argue in favor of a carrier-mediated process. Efflux of [3H]vincristine from parental cells conformed to first-order kinetics (t1/2 37° = 3.6 ± 0.4) and exhibited a lower temperature-dependence (Q10 27-37°C = 3-3.5) than influx. In variant vs. parental cells, influx of [3H]vincristine was reduced 24-fold and efflux was increased twofold, accounting for the large (approximately 48-fold) reduction in steady-state level of exchangeable drug accumulating in variant cells. Otherwise, transport of [3H] vincristine in these cells showed characteristics similar to parental DC 3F cells. Also, the rate and amount of intracellular binding of [3H]vincristine in variant cells was almost 40-fold lower than in parental cells. These alterations in influx and efflux of [3H]vincristine and its intracellular binding appear to account, at least to a major extent, for the high level of resistance (2,750-fold) of this variant to vinca alkaloids. In contrast, cross-resistance of this variant to daunomycin (178-fold) could be explained only minimally by a transport alteration. Only a two-fold increase in efflux of [3H]daunomycin was demonstrated in variant vs. parental cells along with some decrease in intra-cellular binding. Influx of [3 H]daunomycin was unaltered. In view of these results, we conclude that these two agents most likely do not share the same route for entry in these cells but might share the same efflux route.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041260217
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetuin: A serum component associated with rat sertoli and spermatogenic cells in coculture (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 127 (1986), S. 463-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cocultures of rat Sertoli-spermatogenic cells plated in a culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum for 6-12 h and then maintained in serum free, hormone/growth factor-supplemented medium accumulated an acidic glycoprotein of molecular weight of 68,000 dalton (68 kD) and isoelectric point range of about 4.2-3.5. Anion exchange chromatography has allowed the partial purification of this protein, which consists of a major protein band of 68 kD and two minor, low molecular weight components. A rabbit antiserum raised against the 68 kD component also crossreacts with the two low molecular weight components, thus suggesting that these two minor components are antigenically related to the 68 kD protein. The 68 kD protein has been identified as fetuin, the major component of fetal bovine serum, based on similar molecular weight, isoelectric point, immunoreactivity and trypsin inhibitory activity. Labeling experiments with [14C]amino acid mixture show that 68 kD protein is not synthesized by cocultured rat Sertoli and spermatogenic cells. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot approaches carried out under various experimental conditions support the view that the fetuin-68 kD protein is taken up from serum by both Sertoli cells and pachytene spermatocytes. Because fetuin (1) behaves as a carrier protein for growth factors, (2) has protease inhibitory activity, (3) is preferentially internalized by Sertoli cells and pachytene spermatocytes and (4) fetal bovine serum-supplemented medium impairs spermatogenic cell viability, there is a need to further define appropriate conditions for optimizing long-term viability and differentiation of spermatogenic cells in vitro.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041270317
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible alterations in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayer morphology and albumin permeability induced by ionizing radiation (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 129 (1986), S. 237-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of ionizing irradiation (0, 600, 1,500, or 3,000 rads) on the permeability of pulmonary endothelial monolayers to albumin were studied. Pulmonary endothelial cells were grown to confluence on gelatin-coated polycarbonate filters, placed in serum-free medium, and exposed to a 60Co source. The monolayers were placed in modified flux chambers 24 hours after irradiation; 125l-albumin was added to the upper well, and both the upper and lower wells were serially sampled over 4 hours. The amount of albumin transferred from the upper well/hour over the period of steady-state clearance (90-240 min after addition of 125l-albumin) was 2.8 ± 0.2% in control monolayers and was increased in monolayers exposed to 1,500 or 3,000 rads (increase of 63 plusmn; 10% and 61 plusmn; 10%, respectively, P〈0.01). No increase was found in monolayers exposed to 600 rads. The increases in endothelial albumin transfer rates were associated with morphologic evidence of monolayer disruption and endothelial injury which paralleled the changes in albumin permeability. Dose-dependent alterations in endothelial actin filament organization were also found. Incubation of the monolayers exposed to 3,000 rads with medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum for 24 hours resulted in normalization of albumin permeability, improvement in morphologic appearance of the monolayers, and reorganization of the actin filament structure. These studies demonstrate that ionizing radiation is an active principle in the reversible disorganization of cultured pulmonary endothelial cell monolayers without the need of other cell types or serum components.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041290216
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition by phorbol esters of antiimmunoglobulin induced calcium signalling and B-cell activation (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 129 (1986), S. 347-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The inhibitory effect of phorbol dibutyrate (PDB) on B-cell stimulation was evaluated using a model in which activation is induced by modest doses of antiimmunoglobulin antibody (anti-lg) and progression to DNA synthesis is induced by cytochalasin. PDB preferentially inhibited anti-lg-induced activation and did so during brief (2 hr) preincubation with anti-lg. Activation was inhibited whether PDB was added before or shortly after anti-lg. Since activation for cytochalasin responsiveness appears to be mediated by Ca2+, the effect of PDB on the anti-lg-induced rise in intracellular Ca2+ was evaluated. PDB (and other phorbol esters that activate protein kinase C) inhibited the rise in Ca2+ normally associated with anti-lg treatment; moreover, PDB reversed an established anti-lg-induced Ca2+ response. These data suggest that phorbol esters inhibit B-cell activation by interfering with the elevated levels of intracellular Ca2+ produced by cross-linking of surface immunoglobulin by anti-lg. This could represent a “feedback inhibition” type of response, but it remains to be seen if this occurs under physiological conditions of protein kinase C activation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041290313
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The coelomic envelope to vitelline envelope conversion in eggs of Xenopus laevis (1986)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 30 (1986), S. 341-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: egg ; vitelline envelope ; glycoprotein ; processing ; proteolysis ; sperm ; Xenopus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: An amphibian egg recovered from the body cavity is enclosed by a coelomic egg envelope. Upon transport down the oviduct, the envelope is converted to the vitelline envelope. The coelomic and vitelline envelopes are distinct in terms of sperm penetrability, ultrastructural morphology, and radioiodination profiles. In this study, the macromolecular compositions of these two envelopes were determined. Isolated envelopes were compared by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, peptide mapping, and radiolabeling. A protein with a molecular weight of 57,000 (57K) was present in the vitelline envelope but was absent in the coelomic envelope. A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 43K in the coelomic envelope was converted to a component with a molecular weight of 4lK in the vitelline envelope. The 43K-molecular weight component of the coelomic envelopes could be radioiodinated by lactoperoxidase but no labeling of the 41K-molecular weight component occurred in the vitelline envelope. Peptide mapping using limited proteolysis established that the 43K-molecular weight component of the coelomic envelope was a precursor to the 41K-molecular weight component of the vitelline envelope. These molecular alterations may underlie the ultrastructural and physiological changes occurring in these envelopes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240300407
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-sectional tem specimens from metal-ceramic composites“This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC03-76SF00098.” (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 361-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060030310
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