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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (80)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (37)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (117)
  • American Chemical Society
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • 1985-1989  (117)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1986  (117)
Collection
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (117)
  • American Chemical Society
  • International Union of Crystallography
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  • 1985-1989  (117)
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 486-493 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article presents a method for determining the rate constant for deactivation and the internal distribution of immobilized enzyme. This method makes use of the parallel deactivation process in a diffusion-controlled regime, in which the internal activity profile behaves like a penetration front. This front basically traces through the initial active enzymatic profile, and one can determine the internal profile and the rate constant for deactivation from the experimentally observable bulk concentration versus time. This method is applied to the experimental data of the system of hydrogen-peroxide-immobilized catalase on controlled pore glass and Si-Al particles.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 549-553 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Xylose transport, xylose reductase, and xylitol dehydrogenase activities are demonstrated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzymes in the xylose catabolic pathway necessary for the conversion of xylose to xylulose are present, although S. cerevisiae cannot grow on xylose as a sole carbon source. Xylose transport is less efficient than glucose transport, and its rate is dependent upon aeration. Xylose reductase appears to be a xylose inducible enzyme and xylitol dehydrogenase activity is constitutive, although both are repressed by glucose. Both xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities are five- to tenfold lower in S. cerevisiae as compared to Candida utilis. In vivo conversion of 14C-xylose in S. cerevisiae is demonstrated and xylitol is detected, although no significant levels of any other 14C-labeled metabolites (e. g., ethanol) are observed.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1838-1844 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A carrier-supported mycelial growth of Penicillium chrysogenum was applied to penicillin fermentation system using celite as a support material. Hyphal growth through the pore matrices of the material showed strong anchorages and provided highly stable biofilm growth. With bioparticles developed in such a manner, both cell growth and penicillin production were observed to increase significantly compared to the conventional dispersed filamentous cultures. Maximum values of specific penicillin production rate were found to be constant regardless of the growth form. A three-phase fluidized-bed fermentor was designed and tested for penicillin production using the bioparticles. Two modes of operation, semicontinuous and repeated fed batch, of the fermentor were tried. It was noted that the overgrowth of free mycelia and the development of fluffy loose bioparticles caused poor mixing and made the fermentor operation quite difficult. Control of the bioparticle size and the extension of production phase were therefore considered important to maintain the reactor productivity at a desired level. From the results of repeated fed-batch operation it was found that the control of bioparticle size could be successfully achieved by phosphate-limiting culture condition. Penicillin production under this condition was also observed to be maintained at a high level (about 80% of the maximum) for at least 1 month.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bovine adrenal and brain cortex and corpus luteum-derived capillary endothelial cells have been established in culture, taking advantage of their ability to proliferate at clonal density when maintained on extracellular matrix (ECM) coated dishes in the presence of serum supplemented medium. All three cell types formed at confluency a monolayer of small, tightly packed, contact inhibited cells that express factor VIII related antigen. Their proliferative response to basic and acidic FGF when cells were maintained on plastic and exposed to serum supplemented medium was similar to that previously reported for endothelial cells derived from large vessels, with acidic FGF being 30-fold less potent than basic FGF. Their requirement for high density lipoproteins and transferrin in order to proliferate actively when maintained on ECM-coated dishes and exposed to serum-free conditions was also similar to that previously reported for endothelial cells derived from large vessels. Heparin strongly reduced the proliferative response of capillary endothelial cells to either basic or acidic FGF, as well as their response to serum alone, regardless of whether cells were maintained on plastic or on ECM-coated dishes. The present data indicate that bovine endothelial cells derived from large or small vessels are indistinguishable in so far as their response to growth factors, plasma factors, and substrata are concerned.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 127 (1986), S. 216-222 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies were conducted to explore the effects of mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, on the growth and morphology of normal and transformed murine fibroblasts. Mevinolin is known to block DNA synthesis and cell growth in a number of kinds of non-transformed cells. Eight cell lines were studied, including two normal fibroblast cell lines (C3H 10T 1/2 and NIH 3T3) and derivatives of these cell lines transformed by chemical carcinogens, X-irradiation or the H-ras oncogene. All of the eight cell lines displayed appreciable growth inhibition by 5 μM mevinolin and marked inhibition by 30 μM mevinolin. Mevinolin also induced a marked rounding in the morphology of all of the cell lines. These effects of mevinolin on cell growth and morphology were blocked or reversed by the addition of mevalonic acid. Thus, both normal and transformed cells require mevalonate, or an as yet unidentified metabolite of mevalonate for their growth, even though some transformed cells have become relatively autonomous of other growth factors. Whereas mevinolin acted primarily as a cytostatic agent for most of the cell lines studied, with the transformed cell line MCA/10T 1/2, which ordinarily grows to a very high cell density, prolonged exposure to mevinolin caused marked cytotoxicity. Thus mevinolin might be useful as an anti-tumor agent for specific tumors.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Recombinant murine GM-CSF produced in Escherichia coli was purified to homogeneity and tested in parallel with purified native GM-CSF. Both recombinant and native GM-CSF stimulated granulocyte and/or macrophage colony formation by adult and fetalmouse progenitor cells, and with adult marrow cells the specific activity of the recombinant GM-CSF (25 × 108 U/mg) was similar to that of the native form (15 × 108 U/mg). At high concentrations (〉 200 U/ml), both forms of GM-CSF also stimulated eosinophil colony formation by adult marrow cells and, at very high concentrations (〉 800 U/ml), megakaryocyte and some erythroid and mixed-erythroid colony formation. Recombinant GM-CSF was as effective in stimulating the proliferation of the GM-CSF-dependent cell line FD as the native molecule. Both recombinant and native GM-CSF were able to induce partial differentiation in colonies of WEHI-3B myeloid leukemic cells. Recombinant GM-CSF competed effectively for the binding of 125l-labeled native GM-CSF to hemopoietic cells, and anti-serum to recombinant GM-CSF also neutralized the biological activity of native GM-CSF. The bacterially synthesized GM-CSF was a slightly more effective stimulus for megakayocyte colony formation than then native molecule. The demonstration that purified bacterially synthesized GM-CSF is biologically active in vitro now permits studies to be undertaken on the in vivo effects of this material.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 128 (1986), S. 432-440 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cultures of the rainbow trout fibroblast cell line RTG-2 withstood temperatures from 0°C to 28°C. At 0°C and 28°C, no prolifertion occurred, but cells persisted for at least 7 days. If the cultures were placed back at 22°C, proliferation returned to normal in those that had been kept at 0°C but was reduced in cultures that had been kept at 28°C. Above 28°C, cultures survived for only short periods. If RTG-2 cells that were grown routinely at 22°C were shifted to 26, 28, and 30°C, heat shock proteins (hsps) of 100, 87, 70, 68, 60, 39, 27, and 19 kilodaltons were synthesized. Synthesis was most pronounced at 28°C, and at this temperature hsp synthesis was maximal by 2 hr and had returned to control levels by 36 hr. Individual hsps were synthesized maximally at slightly different times and temperatures, but under all conditions hsps 87 and 70 were most abundant. If cultures were shifted to 24°C or 32°C, hsp synthesis was not observed. Neither the placement of cultures at 5°C nor the shift of cultures that had been maintained at 0°C or 5°C back to 22°C induced the synthesis of hsps. However, cultures incubated at 5°C for 24 hr did synthesize hsps at 26°C, 28°C, and 30°C.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 128 (1986), S. 322-328 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the influence of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) on DNA synthesis in human fetal fibroblasts, as measured by the incorporation of [3H] thymidine and cell replication. In serum-free medium, without additional peptide growth factors, TGF-β had no action on thymidine incorporation. However, in the presence of 0.1% v/v fetal calf serum, TGF-β exhibited a bi-functional action on the cells. A dose-dependent stimulation of [3H] thymidine incorporation, and an increase in cell number, occurred with fibroblasts established from fetuses under 50 g body weight, with a maximum stimulation seen at 1.25 ng/ml. For fibroblasts from fetuses of 100 g or greater body weight, TGF-β caused a dose-related decrease in thymidine uptake with a maximal inhibition at 2.5 ng/ml, and a small decrease in cell number. When DNA synthesis was stimulated by the addition of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I, epidermal growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor, their actions were potentiated by the presence of TGF-β on cells derived from fetuses under 50 g body weight, but inhibited on cells obtained from the larger fetuses wieghing more than 100 g. Similar results were found for changes in cell number in response to TGF-β when stimulated by SM-C/IGF I. The ability of TGF-β to modulate [3H] thymidine incorporation did not involve a change in the time required for growth-restricted cells to enter the S phase of the replication cycle. These data suggest that TGF-β may exert either a growth-promoting or growth-inhibiting action on human fetal connective tissues in the presence of other peptide growth factors, which is dependent on fetal age and development.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 13 (1986), S. 231-239 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: rhesus sperm ; motility ; cervical mucus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Movement characteristics of rhesus monkey spermatozoa were analyzed using high-speed cinemicrography. In the first experiment, spermatozoa were studied at 100 frames/sec in diluted semen near a surface, and after entering ovulatory cervical mucus from a bonnet monkey. In mucus, the spermatozoa swam more slowly, with reduced flagellar beat frequencies. The beat shape was altered, and there was less lateral yawing of the sperm head. In the second experiment, spermatozoa in diluted semen were studied at 500 frames/sec in deep preparations, while swimming near a surface or when in the midplane of these preparations. Those sperm in the midplane swam faster, but with lower beat frequencies than those near the surface, and exhibited much more pronounced yawing motions. Such distinctions in sperm motion are probably hydromechanical in origin and may be significant during transport in the female.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 371-372 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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