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  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1986  (6)
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  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • 1970-1974
Year
  • 1
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    Planetary infrared astronomy using a cryogenic postdisperser on Fourier transform spectrometers (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: High resolution infrared spectra of planets from ground-based observatories were analyzed and instrumentation to improve sensitivity was developed. A cryogenic postdisperser (a narrow bandpass spectral filter) for use with Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS's) at facility observatories was constructed. This instrument has improved the sensitivity of FTS observations at 8 to 20 microns by about an order of magnitude. Spectra of Jupiter, Saturn and Comet Halley were obtained using the postdisperser with FTS facilities at the Kitt Peak 4-meter and McMath telescopes. Spectral resolution as high as 0.01/cm was achieved.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 36-37
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Balloon-borne cryogenic spectrometer for measurement of lower stratospheric trace constituents (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A liquid-nitrogen cooled, multidetector Fourier transform spectrometer has been constructed to measure minor stratospheric constituents via high resolution, earth-limb emission spectroscopy from a balloon-borne platform. Cryogenic cooling, combined with the use of extrinsic silicon photoconductor detectors cooled to liquid-helium temperature, allows the detection of weak emission features of gaseous species. The spectrometer has two basic scan modes: the first mode records the continuous spectrum from 650-2100/cm with 0.2/cm resolution; the second simultaneously records four preselected narrow intervals (about 175/cm bandpass each) with 0.02/cm resolution, unapodized. Filtering of the interferogram signal is done by real-time, digital signal processing. The most important feature of this flat mirror Michelson system, with respect to remote balloon-borne operation, is the dynamic alignment system which maintains the relative parallelism of the two flat reflectors of the interferometer. Species identified to date in data obtained during a Nov. 6, 1984, flight include: CO2, O3, H2O, CH4, HNO3, N2O, NO2, NO, CCl3F (Freon-11) and CF2Cl2 (Freon-12).
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Infrared observations of the Uranian system (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Initial results are presented from analyses of IR interferometer spectrometer data collected by Voyager 2 during passes of Uranus and the moons Miranda and Ariel. The data covered reflected solar radiation in the visible and near-IR and thermal emissions between 25 and 50 microns. An equatorial atmospheric He mole fraction of 0.10-0.20 and a mass fraction of 0.16-0.34 was observed for Uranus. Para-hydrogen was also a significant fraction Uranus CH4 atmosphere. Average polar and equatorial spectra were employed to generate vertical temperature profiles between 60-900 mbar, with the finding that the temperatures at the equator and the poles are markedly similar between 400-900 mbar. The effective temperature of Uranus had a calculated upper limit of about 59.4 K, while the subsolar temperatures of Miranda and Arial were around 86 and 84 K, respectively. The albedos of the two satellites indicated surface microstructures composed of isotopically scattering grains.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 233; 70-74
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Water vapor in Jupiter's atmosphere (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: High spectral resolution observations of Jupiter at 2.7 and 5 microns acquired from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory were used to infer the vertical distribution of H2O between 0.7 and 6 bars. The H2O mole fraction, qH2O, is saturated for P〈2 bars, qH2O = 4x.000001 in the 2 to 4 bar range and it increases to 3x.00001 at 6 bars where T = 288 K. The base of the 5 micron line formation region is determined by pressure-induced H2 opacity. At this deepest accessible level, the O/H ratio in Jupiter is depleted by a factor of 50 with respect to the solar atmosphere. High spatial resolution Voyager IRIS spectra of Jupiter's North Tropical Zone, Equatorial Zone, and Hot Spots in the North and South Equatorial Belt were analyzed to determine the spatial variation of H2O across the planet. The column abundance of H2O above the 4 bar level is the same in the zones as in the SEB Hot Spots, about 20 cm-amgt. A cloud model for Jupiter's belts and zones was developed in order to fit the IRIS 5 micron spectra. An absorbing cloud located at 2 bars whose 5 micron optical thickness varies between 1 in the Hot Spots and 4 in the coldest zones satisfactorily matches the IRIS data.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Inst. for Space Studies The Jovian Atmospheres; p 48-52
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    The gas composition of Jupiter derived from 5 micron airborne spectroscopic observations (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: It is pointed out that Jupiter's 5-micron spectrum is a very diagnostic observational tool to probe the troposphere of this giant planet. A report is presented of abundance analyses of NH3, PH3, CH4, CH3D, CO, and GeH4 in the 1- to 6-bar pressure range in Jupiter's troposphere. All the considered molecules have been previously detected in ground-based, airborne, and spacecraft observations of Jupiter. The contribution made by the present study is related to a self-consistent simultaneous determination of the abundances of all of these molecules at the same physical level in Jupiter's atmosphere using one high spectral resolution dataset and a radiative transfer model. It is found that most abundances deviate significantly from expectations based upon an atmospheric model assuming solar composition and chemical equilibrium. The D/H ratio in Jupiter is comparable to that measured in the interstellar medium.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 66; 579-609
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Infrared Observations of the Uranian System (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-04
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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