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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (34)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (10)
  • General Chemistry  (8)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (5)
  • Physics
  • 1985-1989  (57)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1986  (57)
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  • 1985-1989  (57)
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 5123-5146 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermoplastic elastomer blends of natural rubber (NR) with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and with low density polyethylene (LDPE) were reinforced with short silk fiber. Processing characteristics such as torque and temperature developed during mixing and the effect of processing parameters such as nip gap and number of passes in the mill necessary to secure maximum orientation of the fibers in the blends were studied. A small nip gap and a single pass in the mill were found to give best results. Of the different mixing sequences studied, the sequence where short fibers followed by rubber were added to the molten thermoplastic was found to give a uniform dispersion of fibers. Fiber breakage and the change in aspect ratio of the fibers after mixing were also examined. It was observed that, as a direct consequence of the mixing sequence, each fiber was coated with a layer of thermoplastic. Although the properties improved on the addition of the dry bonding system of silica-resorcinol-hexamethylenetetramine, the comparatively long curing time required for full development of adhesion between the fibers and the matrix proved to be a major disadvantage associated with the incorporation of the bonding system. The tensile and tear properties were substantially enhanced, but the ultimate elongation decreased sharply with increasing loading of short fibers in the blends. The effect of fiber orientation and the development of anisotropy in the properties was also noted. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of the benzene-extracted surfaces of the NR/HDPE (high density polyethylene) blends substantiated the theory of fibers behaving like “mechanical anchors” between the rubber and thermoplastic phase. The effect of fiber loading on the tear and tensile properties of the blends of NR/LDPE with varying blend ratios was studied. Most pronounced improvement in the properties on the addition of short fibers was observed in the high rubber blends. As the plastic content in the blends increased, the short fibers were found to have a lesser influence on the properties. SEM photomicrographs of the tensile and tear fracture surfaces indicated the fiber orientations and the effect of orientation, fiber loading, and blend ratios on the nature of fracture.
    Additional Material: 31 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 483-493 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of polyisophthalamides containing pendent oxybenzoyl groups were prepared from 5-oxybenzoyl-isophthaloyl chloride and aromatic diamines. The analogous unsubstituted polyisophthalamides were also prepared in order to compare the two series and to determine the effect of oxybenzoyl pendent groups on the properties of aromatic polyamides. The modified polymers exhibited better solubility than, and approximately the same glass transition temperatures (in the range 260-290°C) as, the parent unsubstituted polymers. The mechanical strength of polymer films was affected only to a small extent by the presence of side groups, but the thermal resistance was negatively affected, with the result that polyisophthalamides with oxybenzoyl pendent groups began to decompose at about 360°C (TGA), 60-100°C lower than the unsubstituted polyisophthalamides. By means of an appropriate thermal treatment, crosslinking of the modified polymers was achieved and their thermal resistance significantly enhanced.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: video-microscopy ; colloidal gold ; immunocytochemistry ; microtubules ; receptors ; saltatory motion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe a new approach to probe the molecular biology of the living cell that uses small colloidal gold particles coupled to specific ligands. They are visualized in cells by bright-field, video enhanced contrast microscopy. We describe the basic aspects of the technique and provide examples of applications to intracellular motility, cell membrane dynamics, receptor translocation, internalization, and intracellular routing. We also provide examples of the use of this approach in immunospecific labelling of cells and tissue sections.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4169-4183 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of 60Co γ-radiation on the tensile properties of thermoplastic elastomer blends of natural rubber (NR) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been investigated. The samples were irradiated to absorbed doses ranging from 0.1 to 100 Mrad in air at room temperature (25°C) at a dose rate of 0.21 Mrad/hr. The effect of blend ratio and addition of carbon black (N 330) dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on the radiation resistance of the blends has also been studied. High energy radiation at a high dose rate was found to cause extensive crosslinking in the bulk, which in effect, caused a minima in the ultimate tensile strength in the range of 10-25 Mrad and a continuous decline in the elongation at break in all the blends. Chain scission, on the other hand, was restricted to the surface under the above-mentioned experimental conditions. This contention was substantiated by the results of irradiation of the samples in a nitrogen environment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies on the tensile fracture surface morphology of the blends have also been undertaken in order to gain insight to the mechanism of failure.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 139 (1986), S. 113-122 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Copolyamide mit Nadimidseitengruppen wurden durch Polykondensation von 5-(5-Norbornen-2,3-dicarboximido)-isophthaloylchlorid (NCIC) und Isophthaloylchlorid mit Bis(4-aminophenyl)-methan hergestellt, wobei die verwendeten Verhältnisse der beiden Dicarbonsäurechloride 0/100, 10/90, 15/85, 20/80, 25/75, 50/50 und 100/0 betrugen. Durch 1H-NMR Untersuchung wurde festgestellt, daß die Zusammensetzung der entstehenden Copolyamide mit der der ursprünglichen Monomermischungen übereinstimmte.Die Eigenschaften der Copolyamide, wie Löslichkeit, Glasübergangstemperatur und thermische Beständigkeit, wurden gemessen und bezüglich der Zusammensetzungen interpretiert. Die Vernetzung der Copolymeren wurde mittels DSC studiert und ein Vergleich ihrer Eigenschaften vor und nach der thermischen Vernetzung durchgeführt.Der Einfluß der Vernetzung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Copolyamidfolien wurde ebenfalls gemessen.
    Notes: Copolyisophthalamides with nadimide pendent groups have been prepared by polycondensation of 5(5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximido)isophthaloyl chloride (NCIC) and isophthaloyl chloride with bis(4-aminophenyl)methane, the ratio between both diacid chlorides being 0/100, 10/90, 15/85, 20/80, 25/75, 50/50, and 100/0. By 1H-NMR it has been proved that the composition of the copolymers closely coincided with the ratio of monomer's feeds.Properties such as solubility, glass transition temperatures, and thermal resistance have been measured and related to the copolymer's composition. Crosslinking studies have been carried out by DSC, and a comparison of properties of copolymers before and after thermal crosslinking has been made. The effect of crosslinking on the mechanical strength of copolymer films has also been measured.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Orthgonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis ; karyotyping ; ascomycetous yeasts ; basidiomycetous yeasts ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chromosomal DNAs from various yeast species were separated by orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis (OFAGE). To this end we developed a spheroplasting and lysis method to obtain intact DNA from both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts. The OFAGE banding patterns of 22 ascomycetous and four basidiomycetous yeast strains were compared. The strains represented species from the genera: Brettanomyces, Candida, Croococcus, Filobasidiella, Geotrichum, Hansenula, Kluyveromyces, Pachysolen, Pichia, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Saccharomycodes, Saccharomycopis, Schizosaccharomyces and Zygosaccharomyces. Variations occurred in the number of bands and their positions in the gel, not only among strains of different genera but also among species from the same genus and even between varieties of the same species. The ascomycetous yeasts, with the exeption of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, only showed one to five bands of DNA larger than 1000 kilobase pairs (kb) in general none smaller. The paterns of the four basidiomycetous yeasts revealed also a few large DNA bands but in addition one to six bands ranging in size from 500 to 1000 kb, with the exception of a single smaller chromosome in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. From the OFAGE banding patterns of strains studied here it appears that in Saach. cerevisiae the partitioning of DNA over chromosomes in unique. But rather than the large number of chromosomes, the presence of four chromosomes with less than 500 kb of DNA is characteristic for Sacch. cerevisiae.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H-nmr spectra of Met-enkephalin dissolved in aqueous solution of sodiumdodecylsulfate (SDS) micelles are reported as a function of pH and temperature. The temperature behavior of the amide protons is compared with that observed for the same peptide dissolved in aqueous solution of lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lyso-phosphatidylcholine-sulfatide (LPC-SH) micelles. The temperature coefficients are affected by the micelle polarity, which suggests that the peptide backbone is not remote from the micelle surface. pH titration performed in the presence of SDS micelles gives a number of intrinsic and extrinsic pKa values, indicative of a folded structure of the opioid molecule. This conformation is characterized by the existence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond involving the Met-5 amide proton and an interaction of the N-terminal residue with the aliphatic side chains of both Phe-4 and Met-5.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structures and molecular conformations of two tetraproline derivatives with alternating configurations Boc(D-Pro,L-Pro)2OH and Boc(D-Pro,L-Pro)2OCH3 are investigated in connection with the ability of the homologous polymer to selectively increase (as an ion channel) the ion permeability across bilayer membranes. Both tetramers are characterized by the cis-trans alternating conformation of the peptide bonds, which formally transforms in a turn of the poly-D,L-proline channel after a cis-trans change of the central peptide residue.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 3607-3630 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloadditions and Iterative Cycloadditions with Acceptor-substituted CyclopropylalkynesThe newly prepared cyclopropylpropiolates 1- and 2-CO2Me are fairly reactive [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] cyclophiles. Some of the primary adducts obtained with a series of dienes underwent aromatization by splitting off H2 and ethylene, respectively; the 3-furancarboxylates 21a, b, e were obtained from 4-methyloxazol and 1a, b, e-CO2Me. Thermal [2 + 2] cycloadditions of 1- and 2-CO2Me to cyclic enamines yielded the ring-enlarged enamines 25a - e, 26a - e and (E/Z)-27. The β-ketoesters 28a - e and 30 obtained from these enamines by hydrolysis readily split off methanol upon flash thermolysis to give cyclic acylketenes. Via such intermediates the benzosuberone derivative 42 and the hexahydroazulene 39 were obtained from 28c and (Z)-30, respectively. The cyclopropylfurans 21a, b, e solely underwent hydrogen shift reactions upon thermolytic ring-opening to yield 4-vinyl- 35a, b, 33 and 4-propenylfurans 34a, e rather than ring closure to 2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octadienes.
    Notes: Die erstmals dargestellten Cyclopropylpropinsäureester 1- und 2-CO2Me sind mäßig reaktive [4 + 2]- und [2 + 2]-Cyclophile. Die mit einer Reihe von Dienen erhaltenen Primäraddukte aromatisierten z. T. unter Abspaltung von H2 bzw. Ethylen, aus 4-Methyloxazol erhielt man mit 1a, b, e-CO2Me die 3-Furancarbonsäureester 21a, b, e. Bei thermischen [2 + 2]-Cycloadditionen von 1- und 2-CO2Me an cyclische Enamine resultierten die ringerweiterten Enamine 25a-e, 26a-e und (E/Z)-27. Die daraus durch Hydrolyse erhaltenen β-Ketoester 28a-e und 30 spalten unter Blitz-Thermolyse-Bedingungen relativ leicht Methanol ab zu cyclischen Acylketenen. Über eine derartige Zwischenstufe entstand aus 28c das Benzosuberonderivat 42, aus (Z)-30 das Hexahydroazulen 39. Die Cyclopropylfurane 21a, b, e erlitten bei der thermolytischen Öffnung der Dreiringe H-Verschiebungen zu den 4-Vinyl- 35a, e, 33, bzw. 4-Propenylfuranen 34a, e statt Ringschluß zu 2-Oxabicyclo-[3.3.0]octadienen.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 754-758 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flash Vacuum Thermolysis of 1-Chloro-4-methylenespiro[2.m]alkanesThe title compounds 5 were prepared by addition of bromochlorocarbene to 1,2-bis(methylene)cycloheptane (3a) and -cyclohexane (3b), respectively, to give 4, followed by reduction with triphenyltin hydride. Flash vacuum thermolysis of 5 gave instead of the expected vinylcyclopropane rearrangement to the chlorocyclopentenes 8 the halogen-free trienes 7 (80 - 90% yield), which were characterized by their spectra and by Diels-Alder reaction with tetracyanoethene to the adducts 6. The mechanism of formation of 7 is discussed.
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