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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (37)
  • Physical Chemistry  (13)
  • Life Sciences
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (50)
  • 1985-1989  (50)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1986  (50)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel method of determination of the internal enzyme distribution within porous solid supports and the deactivation rate constant (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 486-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article presents a method for determining the rate constant for deactivation and the internal distribution of immobilized enzyme. This method makes use of the parallel deactivation process in a diffusion-controlled regime, in which the internal activity profile behaves like a penetration front. This front basically traces through the initial active enzymatic profile, and one can determine the internal profile and the rate constant for deactivation from the experimentally observable bulk concentration versus time. This method is applied to the experimental data of the system of hydrogen-peroxide-immobilized catalase on controlled pore glass and Si-Al particles.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct evidence for a xylose metabolic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 549-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Xylose transport, xylose reductase, and xylitol dehydrogenase activities are demonstrated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzymes in the xylose catabolic pathway necessary for the conversion of xylose to xylulose are present, although S. cerevisiae cannot grow on xylose as a sole carbon source. Xylose transport is less efficient than glucose transport, and its rate is dependent upon aeration. Xylose reductase appears to be a xylose inducible enzyme and xylitol dehydrogenase activity is constitutive, although both are repressed by glucose. Both xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities are five- to tenfold lower in S. cerevisiae as compared to Candida utilis. In vivo conversion of 14C-xylose in S. cerevisiae is demonstrated and xylitol is detected, although no significant levels of any other 14C-labeled metabolites (e. g., ethanol) are observed.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280411
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of penicillin in a fluidized-bed bioreactor using a carrier-supported mycelial growth (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1838-1844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A carrier-supported mycelial growth of Penicillium chrysogenum was applied to penicillin fermentation system using celite as a support material. Hyphal growth through the pore matrices of the material showed strong anchorages and provided highly stable biofilm growth. With bioparticles developed in such a manner, both cell growth and penicillin production were observed to increase significantly compared to the conventional dispersed filamentous cultures. Maximum values of specific penicillin production rate were found to be constant regardless of the growth form. A three-phase fluidized-bed fermentor was designed and tested for penicillin production using the bioparticles. Two modes of operation, semicontinuous and repeated fed batch, of the fermentor were tried. It was noted that the overgrowth of free mycelia and the development of fluffy loose bioparticles caused poor mixing and made the fermentor operation quite difficult. Control of the bioparticle size and the extension of production phase were therefore considered important to maintain the reactor productivity at a desired level. From the results of repeated fed-batch operation it was found that the control of bioparticle size could be successfully achieved by phosphate-limiting culture condition. Penicillin production under this condition was also observed to be maintained at a high level (about 80% of the maximum) for at least 1 month.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260281211
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of ground electronic state haloalkyl radicals in the gas phase (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 18 (1986), S. 639-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gaseous haloalkyl radicals were prepared by the photolysis of iodohaloalkanes in Pyrex vessels containing mercury (I) halides. Cleavage of the carbon-iodine bond gave mercury (II) halide and a radical which was subsequently shown to react on the ground state electronic energy surface. The usefulness of this method for chemical activation rate constant studies is illustrated by measurement of unimolecular rate constants for decomposition of CH2ClCH2Cl and CF3CH3. Possible mechanisms for photodecomposition of iodoalkanes in the presence of mercury (I) halides are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An FTIR spectroscopic study of the kinetics and mechanism for the NO2-initiated oxidation of tetramethyl ethylene at 298 K (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 18 (1986), S. 1235-1247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics and mechansim for the NO2-initiated oxidation of tetramethyl ethylene (TME) have been studied using the FTIR spectroscopic method in mixtures containing NO2 and TME (0.1-1.0 Torr) and N2—O2 (700 Torr) at 298 ± 2 K. While TME decayed according to -d[TME]/dt = kobs[NO2][TME], NO2 exhibited a complex kinetic behavior. Furthermore, values of kobs were dependent on [O2]. Among the products were (CH3)2CO and at least three NO2-containing compounds. These results indicate the formation of a nitro-alkylperoxy radical via reactions (1), (-1), and (2), and its subsequent reactions leading to the observed products. The [O2]-dependence of kobs yielded k1 = (1.07 ± 0.15) × 10-20 cm3 molecule-1 S-1 and k-1/k2 = (3.54 ± 0.61) × 1018 molecule cm-3.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550181103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous saccharification/fermentation with zymomonas mobilis (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280118
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of alginate-immobilized algal cells (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 210-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Investigations were carried out using immobilized Chlorella cells to determine the diameter, compressibility, tolerance to phosphate chelation, and ability to retain algal cells during incubation of various alginate beads. These physical bead characteristics were found to be affected by a variety of interactive factors, including multivalent cation type (hardening agent) and cell, cation, and alginate concentration, the latter exhibiting a predominant influence. The susceptibility of alginate beads to phosphate chelation was found to involve a complex interaction of cation type, concentration, and pH of phosphate solution. A scale of response ranging from gel swelling to gel shrinking was observed for a range of conditions. However, stable calcium alginate beads were maintained in incubation media with a pH of 5.5 and a phosphate concentration of 5μM. A preliminary investigation into cell leakage from the beads illustrated the importance of maintaining a stable gel structure and limiting cell growth to reduce leakage.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280210
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An integrated microprocessor-based fermenter control system (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 494-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An integrated microprocessor-based fermenter controller was developed in 1980 for an operational environment at Cetus Corp. The main goals in the design and construction of the system were (1) to facilitate scale-up; (2) to provide flexibility and high performance for optimizing fermentation processes; and (3) to be cost-effective for 15 in-house systems. It was also developed to work in conjunction with a laboratory minicomputer for on-line optimization experiments. The controller controls temperature, agitation, dissolved oxygen, pH, and foam throughout each fermentation run without manual intervention. The feedback control parameters have been optimized to provide very accurate control over a wide range of setpoint conditions and under rapidly changing metabolic conditions such as induced during an Escherichia coli batch run. The controller has also been configured to monitor, display, and record each of the controlled variables; support the interactive operator console; and communicate with the laboratory computer. In over 4 years of operation, these systems have met the design goals and have proven to be very reliable. The controller is described, its operational performance presented, and a typical fermentation run delineated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pectin on anaerobic digestion of cattle dung (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 624-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280423
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line adaptive control of a fed-batch fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 631-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of applying an adaptive control technique to a fermentation process is investigated. The nonlinear, time-variant parameters of a fermentation process were estimated on-line as a series of linearized describing matrices. The matrices were used to update a suboptimal feedback law which controlled the process in real time over the linear region. Experiments were performed on a small-scale fully instrumented fermenter with the online, real-time adaptive control package. Results are presented for both single- and multivariable control, and indicate successful control of yeast cell growth.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280502
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