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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (90)
  • 1985-1989  (90)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1940-1944
  • 1986  (90)
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  • 1985-1989  (90)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bovine adrenal and brain cortex and corpus luteum-derived capillary endothelial cells have been established in culture, taking advantage of their ability to proliferate at clonal density when maintained on extracellular matrix (ECM) coated dishes in the presence of serum supplemented medium. All three cell types formed at confluency a monolayer of small, tightly packed, contact inhibited cells that express factor VIII related antigen. Their proliferative response to basic and acidic FGF when cells were maintained on plastic and exposed to serum supplemented medium was similar to that previously reported for endothelial cells derived from large vessels, with acidic FGF being 30-fold less potent than basic FGF. Their requirement for high density lipoproteins and transferrin in order to proliferate actively when maintained on ECM-coated dishes and exposed to serum-free conditions was also similar to that previously reported for endothelial cells derived from large vessels. Heparin strongly reduced the proliferative response of capillary endothelial cells to either basic or acidic FGF, as well as their response to serum alone, regardless of whether cells were maintained on plastic or on ECM-coated dishes. The present data indicate that bovine endothelial cells derived from large or small vessels are indistinguishable in so far as their response to growth factors, plasma factors, and substrata are concerned.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 127 (1986), S. 216-222 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies were conducted to explore the effects of mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, on the growth and morphology of normal and transformed murine fibroblasts. Mevinolin is known to block DNA synthesis and cell growth in a number of kinds of non-transformed cells. Eight cell lines were studied, including two normal fibroblast cell lines (C3H 10T 1/2 and NIH 3T3) and derivatives of these cell lines transformed by chemical carcinogens, X-irradiation or the H-ras oncogene. All of the eight cell lines displayed appreciable growth inhibition by 5 μM mevinolin and marked inhibition by 30 μM mevinolin. Mevinolin also induced a marked rounding in the morphology of all of the cell lines. These effects of mevinolin on cell growth and morphology were blocked or reversed by the addition of mevalonic acid. Thus, both normal and transformed cells require mevalonate, or an as yet unidentified metabolite of mevalonate for their growth, even though some transformed cells have become relatively autonomous of other growth factors. Whereas mevinolin acted primarily as a cytostatic agent for most of the cell lines studied, with the transformed cell line MCA/10T 1/2, which ordinarily grows to a very high cell density, prolonged exposure to mevinolin caused marked cytotoxicity. Thus mevinolin might be useful as an anti-tumor agent for specific tumors.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Recombinant murine GM-CSF produced in Escherichia coli was purified to homogeneity and tested in parallel with purified native GM-CSF. Both recombinant and native GM-CSF stimulated granulocyte and/or macrophage colony formation by adult and fetalmouse progenitor cells, and with adult marrow cells the specific activity of the recombinant GM-CSF (25 × 108 U/mg) was similar to that of the native form (15 × 108 U/mg). At high concentrations (〉 200 U/ml), both forms of GM-CSF also stimulated eosinophil colony formation by adult marrow cells and, at very high concentrations (〉 800 U/ml), megakaryocyte and some erythroid and mixed-erythroid colony formation. Recombinant GM-CSF was as effective in stimulating the proliferation of the GM-CSF-dependent cell line FD as the native molecule. Both recombinant and native GM-CSF were able to induce partial differentiation in colonies of WEHI-3B myeloid leukemic cells. Recombinant GM-CSF competed effectively for the binding of 125l-labeled native GM-CSF to hemopoietic cells, and anti-serum to recombinant GM-CSF also neutralized the biological activity of native GM-CSF. The bacterially synthesized GM-CSF was a slightly more effective stimulus for megakayocyte colony formation than then native molecule. The demonstration that purified bacterially synthesized GM-CSF is biologically active in vitro now permits studies to be undertaken on the in vivo effects of this material.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 128 (1986), S. 432-440 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cultures of the rainbow trout fibroblast cell line RTG-2 withstood temperatures from 0°C to 28°C. At 0°C and 28°C, no prolifertion occurred, but cells persisted for at least 7 days. If the cultures were placed back at 22°C, proliferation returned to normal in those that had been kept at 0°C but was reduced in cultures that had been kept at 28°C. Above 28°C, cultures survived for only short periods. If RTG-2 cells that were grown routinely at 22°C were shifted to 26, 28, and 30°C, heat shock proteins (hsps) of 100, 87, 70, 68, 60, 39, 27, and 19 kilodaltons were synthesized. Synthesis was most pronounced at 28°C, and at this temperature hsp synthesis was maximal by 2 hr and had returned to control levels by 36 hr. Individual hsps were synthesized maximally at slightly different times and temperatures, but under all conditions hsps 87 and 70 were most abundant. If cultures were shifted to 24°C or 32°C, hsp synthesis was not observed. Neither the placement of cultures at 5°C nor the shift of cultures that had been maintained at 0°C or 5°C back to 22°C induced the synthesis of hsps. However, cultures incubated at 5°C for 24 hr did synthesize hsps at 26°C, 28°C, and 30°C.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 128 (1986), S. 322-328 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the influence of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) on DNA synthesis in human fetal fibroblasts, as measured by the incorporation of [3H] thymidine and cell replication. In serum-free medium, without additional peptide growth factors, TGF-β had no action on thymidine incorporation. However, in the presence of 0.1% v/v fetal calf serum, TGF-β exhibited a bi-functional action on the cells. A dose-dependent stimulation of [3H] thymidine incorporation, and an increase in cell number, occurred with fibroblasts established from fetuses under 50 g body weight, with a maximum stimulation seen at 1.25 ng/ml. For fibroblasts from fetuses of 100 g or greater body weight, TGF-β caused a dose-related decrease in thymidine uptake with a maximal inhibition at 2.5 ng/ml, and a small decrease in cell number. When DNA synthesis was stimulated by the addition of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I, epidermal growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor, their actions were potentiated by the presence of TGF-β on cells derived from fetuses under 50 g body weight, but inhibited on cells obtained from the larger fetuses wieghing more than 100 g. Similar results were found for changes in cell number in response to TGF-β when stimulated by SM-C/IGF I. The ability of TGF-β to modulate [3H] thymidine incorporation did not involve a change in the time required for growth-restricted cells to enter the S phase of the replication cycle. These data suggest that TGF-β may exert either a growth-promoting or growth-inhibiting action on human fetal connective tissues in the presence of other peptide growth factors, which is dependent on fetal age and development.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 13 (1986), S. 231-239 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: rhesus sperm ; motility ; cervical mucus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Movement characteristics of rhesus monkey spermatozoa were analyzed using high-speed cinemicrography. In the first experiment, spermatozoa were studied at 100 frames/sec in diluted semen near a surface, and after entering ovulatory cervical mucus from a bonnet monkey. In mucus, the spermatozoa swam more slowly, with reduced flagellar beat frequencies. The beat shape was altered, and there was less lateral yawing of the sperm head. In the second experiment, spermatozoa in diluted semen were studied at 500 frames/sec in deep preparations, while swimming near a surface or when in the midplane of these preparations. Those sperm in the midplane swam faster, but with lower beat frequencies than those near the surface, and exhibited much more pronounced yawing motions. Such distinctions in sperm motion are probably hydromechanical in origin and may be significant during transport in the female.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 7 (1986), S. 235-237 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwaves ; hyperthermia ; chromosome aberration ; sister chromatid exchanges ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Specimens of human blood were exposed to 0, 4, 40, 100, and 200 Wkg-1 of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation for 20 minutes. The blood temperature was carefully controlled so that it rose from 37 to 40°C. Cultured lymphocytes were examined for induced chromosomal damage but no effect in excess of background was observed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 3 (1986), S. 371-372 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 187 (1986), S. 247-258 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Length-force relations, both active and passive, and twitch contraction characteristics were quantified for left medial gastrocnemius muscles of four young, four adult, and four old male Wistar rats. Muscle and bundle optimum length and muscle weight were also determined and subsequently used for calculation of a number of morphological characteristics of the muscles. Fiber optimum length was derived from muscle bundle optimum length. Generally, physiological characteristics remained constant during growth. There was no change either in active tension at muscle optimum length or in active working range relative to fiber optimum length, relative passive fiber stiffness, active force relative to passive force at optimum length, twitch contraction time and twitch half relaxation time at optimum length. A number of morphological changes, however, did take place in the medial gastrocnemius muscle during growth. Fiber optimum length increased but only by about 2 mm from youth to old age, whereas muscle optimum length increased by approximately 14 mm, presumably owing to extensive hypertrophy of the muscle fibers during growth. The priority for force of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (defined as the quotient of physiological cross-sectional area of a muscle and the cubed root of its volume, a measure independent of architecture and dimensions of muscles) increased during growth. This increase indicates that during growth the muscle shifts relatively more towards force generation than towards excursion generation. These findings are discussed in view of existing scaling theories.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 190 (1986), S. 297-305 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In an effort to understand the variation and probable origin of a female copulatory organ found in isopods of the asellote superfamily Janiroidea, the morphology of female reproductive structures among the Asellota was surveyed. Examples of four asellote superfamilies were studied using whole mount staining after potassium-hydroxide maceration or clearing with lactic acid. In contradiction to previous conclusions, the cuticular organ is shown to occur in the more primitive Asellota, although the position of its opening varies considerably. In the genera Asellus, and Stenetrium, Munna, and Santia, the cuticular organ originates adjacent to the oopore, and in the remaining janiroidean isopods, it is placed dorsally and usually anteriorly. This information permits a simple hypothesis explaining the origin of the cuticular organ: it was present in the proximate ancestor of the Asellota and evolved to the janiroidean condition by anterodorsal migration.
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