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  • Nitrogen  (11)
  • Springer  (11)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (11)
  • 1986  (11)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (11)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus deficiency induced by nitrogen input in Douglas fir in the Netherlands (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 95 (1986), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Atmospheric input ; Douglas fir Fertilization ; Foliar analysis ; Forest nutrition ; N/P ratio ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient status ; Phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A re-examination of earlier NPK fertilization experiments in Douglas fir stands on sandy soils shows the effects of high nitrogen input by air pollution during the last 10–15 years on plant nutrition at these sites. In 1960, experimental plots showed a positive growth reaction to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization. All suffered from severe phosphorus deficiency in 1984, low phosphorus in the needles was invariably accompanied by a high nitrogen content, with all N/P ratios between 20 and 30. The same conclusion emerges from an independent investigation of nutrient status of a selection of Douglas fir stands. Hence, if stand productivity and a balanced nutrient status of the trees is to be maintained, the increase in atmospheric input of nitrogen calls for supplementary fertilization. Given the current N/P ratios in the needles, a positive growth response to phosphorus fertilization is to be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375071
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Varietal and fertilizer effects on straw phytotoxins (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Straw ; Phytotoxins ; Acetic Acid ; Wheat ; Barley ; Cultivar ; Nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Acetic acid production over 10 days from fresh barley straw was greater than that from fresh wheat straw, but there were only minor consistent differences between different cultivars. The effect depended on the soil type on which the straw had been produced and acid production was greatest with the largest amounts of N fertilizer which had been used. The fertilizer also affected the C:N ratio of the straw
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257588
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative physiology of burned and unburned Rhus laurina after chaparral wildfire (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1986), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Rhus ; Lignotuber ; Nitrogen ; Water relations ; Fire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Laurel Sumac (Rhus laurina) is a dominant member of the coastal chaparral community of southern California that survives periodic burning by wildfires by resprouting from a lignotuber (root crown). We investigated the physiological basis for resprouting by comparing shoot elongation, leaf nitrogen content, tissue water status, leaf conductance to water vapor diffusion, and photosynthetic rates of post-fire R. laurina to those of adjacent unburned shrubs. Resprouts had higher rates of shoot elongation, leaf conductance, and photosynthesis than mature, unburned shrubs. Leaf nitrogen contents were elevated in burned shrubs even though their leaves developed interveinal chlorosis. A comparison of soil water potential to predawn water potential indicated that roots of R. laurina remain active below 2 m during the first summer drought after wildfire. Our results support the hypothesis that lignotubers not only contain dormant buds that develop into aerial shoots after wildfire but they also supply nutrient resources that enhance shoot elongation. Because R. laurina is relatively sensitive to drought, yet very successful in its rapid recovery after fire, maintaining an active root system after shoot removal may be the primary function of the massive lignotuber formed by this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377322
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mistletoes: a hypothesis concerning morphological and chemical avoidance of herbivory (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 234-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Mimicry ; Nitrogen ; Herbivory ; Mistletoe ; Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Leaves from many misletoe species in Australia strongly resemble those of their hosts. This cryptic mimicry has been hypothesized to be a means of reducing the likelihood of mistletoe herbivory by vertebrates. Leaf Kjeldahl nitrogen contents (a measure of reduced nitrogen and thus amines, amino acids and protein levels) of mistletoes and their hosts were measured on 48 mimetic and nonmimetic host-parasite pairs to evaluate hypotheses concerning the significance of crysis versus noncrypsis. The hypothesis that mistletoes mimicking host leaves should have higher leaf nitrogen levels than their hosts is supported; they may be gaining a selective advantage through crypsis (reduced herbivory). The second hypothesis that mistletoes which do not mimic their hosts should have lower leaf nitrogen levels than their hosts is also supported; they may be gaining a selective advantage through noncrypsis (reduced herbivory resulting from visual advertisement of their reduced nutritional status).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379245
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth responses of selected clones of birch (Betula pendula roth.,B. pubescens Ehrh.) and willow (Salix caprea L.,S. cinerea L.) to nitrogen in solution culture (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 92 (1986), S. 209-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Betula ; Clones ; Growth responses ; Nitrogen ; Salix ; Solution culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Growth of selected clones of birch and willow obtained from nitrogen deficient soils was compared with that of unselected controls in pot experiments using three levels of nitrogen. Unselected controls of both genera continued shoot growth, albeit very slowly, with a very low level of nitrogen (5 ppm), while selected clones of birch grew significantly more than the controls. Selected clones of willow, on the other hand, ceased shoot growth after 10 weeks with this low nitrogen treatment. Nevertheless, they remained healthy, their leaves containing similar concentrations of nitrogen to those of the plants which continued stem growth throughout the experiment. Furthermore, they had very high root: shoot ratios compared with those of control willows and both selected and unselected birch. The two genera may have developed different mechanisms for tolerating low nitrogen, birch producing a small, relatively efficient root system; willow a larger but less efficient one. Both appear equally effective in ensuring survival on low-nitrogen sites in the field since all the selected clones were obtained from such sites and have survived well in field trials on similar sites. Both birch and willow responded toincreased nitrogen availability with increasing shoot growth and a relative decline in root growth. However, whereas in willow the unselected plants responded significantly more than selected clones, a similar but less markeddifference was found in birch. It appears that in both genera, as in herbaceous plants originating from nitrogen deficient sites, selected clones are less able to respond to increasing nitrogen supply than control plants from more fertile habitats. Attempts to correlate the response of the selected clones to nitrogen in this experiment with that to added nitrogen fertilizer in field trials has been unsuccessful. Further work is required to determine the importance of the many interacting factors which influence the response of young trees to nitrogen under the unusual field conditions associated with restored mineral workings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372635
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of applied nutrients in a long-term superphosphate trial inPinus radiata (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 93 (1986), S. 373-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; Fertilizer ; Magnesium ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient content ; Phosphorus ; Pinus radiata ; Potassium ; Superphosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nutrient contents of aPinus radiata stand, that is, aboveground tree, understorey, forest floor and soil to 200 mm depth, were estimated in a replicated fertilizer trial, treated 30 years previously. The fertilizer treatments were 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg P/ha as broadcast superphosphate. Highly significant growth responses had been obtained to the applied P. Estimation of the P content of the stand showed that 129%, 89%, 72% and 67% of the applied P was found in the 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg P/ha treatments respectively. The larger losses of P at the higher application rates would explain the lack of increased response with the highest application rate, however, it also shows that significant quantities of P are still present after a period of 30 years, giving a basis for growth responses in the subsequent rotations. Elevated quantities of N, Ca, Mg and K were found in the treatments compared with the control and these could not be explained on the basis of atmospheric inputs. For the cations, uptake from deeper in the soil profile could explain most of the effect but not for the higher amounts of N which, in the case of the highest superphosphate treatment, amounted to an accumulation of 27 kg N/ha/yr. These nutrient changes together with increased soil organic matter contents are considered to have provided a long term increase to the site productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374288
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen uptake, assimilation and transport in barley in the presence of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 91 (1986), S. 353-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Hondeum vulgare L. ; Nitrogen ; NO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Exposure of the leaves of young barley plants to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was shown to affect the rate of translocation of N, the form in which it is transported in the xylem stream and the partitioning of N between roots and shoots. Following its entry through the leaves, NO2 is assimilated by the plant into reduced nitrogenous compounds which accounted for the major increases in plant N content and growth. The various effects of atmospheric NO2 upon barley seedlings were strongly influenced by nitrate supply to the roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02198122
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partitioning of reduced nitrogen derived from exogenous nitrate in maize roots: Initial priority for protein synthesis (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 91 (1986), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Zea mays L. ; Nitrogen ; Protein ; Roots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary When roots of five day-old maize seedlings were exposed to15N-nitrate, a constant (25–29%) proportion of the reduced15N derived from the entering15N-nitrate accumulated as insoluble15N nitrogen. Constancy was established by two hours and lasted through 12 hours at ambient15N-nitrate concentrations of 0.05 mM to 20.0 mM. Even when little15N nitrate had been reduced (〈2 μmoles), there was a linear relationship between accumulation of insoluble15N (but not accumulation or translocation of soluble reduced15N) and total reduced15N. It is proposed that protein synthesis from the entering nitrate occurs in close association with nitrate reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02198120
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microclimatic controls of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in shortgrass steppe soils (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 93 (1986), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Dew ; Grasslands ; Nitrification ; Nitrogen ; Semiarid ecosystems ; Soil texture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The depth distributions of rates of net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification were measured in a series of field and laboratory incubations. Field studies suggested that the highest rates of mineralization and nitrification occurred in the surface 2.5 cm such that forty to sixty percent of the N mineralization in 20-cm soil column occurred in the surface 2.5cm. Some upward nitrate movement occurred but laboratory studies suggested that surface rates were not an artifact of nitrate mobility alone. Microclimatic data indicate that either dew or upward movement and condensation of soil water vapor may drive biological activity at the soil surface. High rates of N mineralization even in dry horizons were sustained as long as water was stored within the 0-to 20-cm depth. High rates of nitrification were found in all incubations, and field measurements showed NO 3 − to be the predominant form of inorganic N, despite previous characterization of the shortgrass steppe as an NH 4 + -dominated system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374285
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remobilization of labelled nitrogen from vegetative tissues to pods of mungbean (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 94 (1986), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; 15N Rhizobia ; Vigna radiata ; Nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Remobilization of15N from vegetative tissue of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) into pods was measured during the reproductive phase of growth. Plant tissue was labelled with15N during vegetative development. Experiments were conducted in the field at two sites. At one site the soil provided cowpeas with most of their N but at the other site N fixation provided most of the N. Remobilized N from vegetative tissue to pods occurred soon after they began to develop. The quantity of the labelled N ultimately remobilized to the pods amounted to 50% for one cultivar (Tx33) at the high soil N site and 70% at the low N site. For the other cultivar (Tx13) the values were 25% and 30%, respectively. The two cultivars performed very differently with respect to partitioning of N into pods and the rate of N fixation. Even though more N was accumulated in the shoots of the high N fixing cultivar (Tx13) less total N was contained in the pods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380597
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