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  • Chemistry  (419)
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • 1985-1989  (421)
  • 1988  (206)
  • 1986  (215)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of model molecules were considered to study the kinetics and the mechanism of the esterification and the alcoholysis reactions catalyzed by various metal compounds (Li, Na, K, Zn, Co, Mn, Ti). Ti was found to be the most active catalyst for both reactions and to be acting via a different mechanism (concerted). The possible structure of the active titanium intermediate was investigated by means of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and electroconductivity.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 220-226 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies in conventional batch culture confirmed that the maximum citric acid production rate occurred prior to exhaustion of the growth-limiting nutrient, i.e., when the growth rate was nonzero. The effects of dilution rate and the culture dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) were studied in chemostat culture. Maximum citric acid yield and production rate were observed at low dilution rate (0.017 h-1) and high DOT value (90% of saturation). These findings were applied to a nitrogen-limited fed batch culture, and allowed a productivity increase of 100% when compared with conventional batch culture.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 338-343 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Kohlenstoff auf die Sulfidierung von Kobalt-Tantal-LegierungenDie Sulfidierung von Kobalt-Tantal-Kohlenstofflegierungen (10 bzw. 15 Massen-% Ta, 0-1 C) wurde in einem H2/H2S-Gemisch mit 10 Vol.-% H2S durchgeführt. Die Reaktionskinetik bei 800-1000°C wurde gravimetrisch untersucht, und der Zunder wurde mittels metallographischer Methoden und Röntgenbeugung analysiert. Unter diesen Bedingungen konnte die Bildung von flüssigen kobaltreichen Sulfiden durch die genannten Tantalmengen nicht unterdrückt werden, weshalb die Sulfidierung mit hoher Geschwindigkeit erfolgte. Bei abnehmender Temperatur kam es zur Verteilung der Tantalsulfide in einer dünnen Zunderschicht, wobei der Transport von Kobalt durch die innere Schicht mit ausreichender Geschwindigkeit erfolgte und eine äußere geschmolzene Zunderschicht entstehen konnte. Der enttäuschende Einfluß des Tantals auf die Sulfidierungsbeständigkeit wird der Tatsache zugeschrieben, daß tantalreiche Sulfide nicht in der Lage sind, eine durchgehende Schicht zu bilden. Zunehmende Kohlenstoffgehalte in der Legierung führen zu einer allerdings nicht dramatischen Erhöhung der Sulfidierungsgeschwindigkeit.
    Notes: The sulphidation of cobalt-tantalum-carbon alloys containing 10 and 15 wt% Ta and carbon in the range 0-1 wt%, was carried out in H2-H2S mixture containing 10% by volume H2S. The reaction kinetics at 800-1000°C were followed thermo-gravimetrically and the scale products examined in detail using metallographic and X-ray diffraction techniques. In these sulphidation conditions (10% H2S - 90% H2) addition of 10 and 15% Ta to cobalt was unable to suppress the formation of liquid cobalt-rich sulphides; consequently, very rapid rates of alloy consumption were attained. Decreasing the temperature resulted in the distribution of the tantalum sulphides in a fine scale. Transport of cobalt through the inner layer was sufficiently rapid to form an outer, molten sulphide layer. The inability of tantalum-rich sulphides to develop into a continuous layer appears to be responsible for the disappointing effect of tantalum on the sulphidation resistance. Increasing carbon contents in the alloy increase the sulphidation rate, but the increase is not very dramatic.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 1459-1479 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study of molecular orientation in a series of five one-way-drawn sheets of poly(ethylene terephthalate) is reported. Five orientation averages Plmnr which characterize the benzene-ring orientation were determined directly by Raman spectroscopy. Two further averages P202r and P222r were determined from a combination of Raman spectroscopy and refractive index measurements on the basis of two different conformational models. As in a previous publication, the seven averages Plmnr were used to estimate all the Plmnr up to fourth order for the benzene rings on the assumption that in each case the actual distribution of orientations is close to the most probable distribution. The seven orientation averages Plmnr for each drawn sheet were also compared with those calculated on the basis of two simple models for the development of molecular orientation during drawing, the pseudoaffine deformation scheme and the rubber network model. It was shown that the orientation of the chain axes is closer to that predicted by the rubber network model, the pseudoaffine deformation scheme greatly overestimating the degree of chain biaxiality. The results also show that the benzene ring planes are preferentially oriented toward the planes of the sheets. The chain axis orientation is, however, nearly uniaxial and similar to that observed for uniaxially drawn samples, suggesting that there is no direct connection between the processes of chain axis orientation and preferential orientation of the benzene-ring planes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 1481-1492 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The aggregate model is extended to examine the relationship between mechanical anisotropy and molecular orientation in one-way drawn sheets of poly(ethylene terephthalate). It is assumed that both the aggregate and the unit of structure have orthorhombic symmetry. On the basis of a number of detailed assumptions regarding the appropriate application of the model, calculated bounds are obtained for the elastic constants that are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. The implications of these results with regard to molecular orientation are considered, and it is concluded that both the chain orientation and orientation around the chain axis are important in determining the mechanical anisotropy.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 144 (1986), S. 129-137 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neue thermostabile heterocyclische Polymere, die phenylsubstituierte Chinoxaline sowie Amid- und Imidstruktureinheiten enthalten, wurden durch Polykondensation in Lösung bei niedriger Temperatur aus Diaminophenylchinoxalinen und Disäurechloriden verschiedener aromatischer Carbonsäuren, die Imidgruppen enthielten, hergestellt. Sowohl die thermische Stabilität als auch die elektrischen Eigenschaften dieser Polyphenylchinoxalin-Amid-Imide werden diskutiert.
    Notes: New thermostable heterocyclic polymers containing phenylsubstituted quinoxaline and both amide and imide units have been synthesized by low temperature solution polycondensation of diaminophenylquinoxalines with diacid chlorides of certain aromatic acids containing preformed imide rings. The thermal stability as well as electrical properties of these polyphenylquinoxaline-amide-imides are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß der Temperatur bei der Herstellung von vernetzten Polyacrylamid-Cryogelen auf die Bildungskinetik und die Eigenschaften der Cryogele wird untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, daß bei dem untersuchten System die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Gelierungsgeschwindigkeit und der Gelausbeute im Bereich von -10°C bis -30°C einen Extermal-charakter hat. Die Temperatur der Cryostrukturierung hat einen deutlichen Einfluß auf die Makrostruktur der porösen Polymergele. Dies wird durch Scanning-Elektronenmikroskopie und die Untersuchung der hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften der Cryogele bestätigt.
    Notes: The influence of the temperature of preparation of cross-linked polyacrylamide cryogels on the dynamics of their formation and on the properties of the materials formed was investigated. It was shown that for the given system dependences of gelation rate and gel-fraction yield upon temperature within the range -10°C to -30°C are of extremal character. The temperature of cryostructurization markedly influences the macrostructure of the porous polymeric gel. This is verified by the data obtained by scanning electron microscopy and by the hydrodynamic properties of the cryogels.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß des Blutserums in vitro 16 Monate bei 40°C auf die Eigenschaften von Poly-bis-(trifluorethoxy)phosphazen-Filmen mit 0,16 Mol-% anomalen Kettengliedern mit unsubstituierten P - Cl-Gruppen und [η] = 4,00 dl/g in Aceton wird untersucht. Unter diesen Bedingungen ist das Polymer gegen biologischen Abbau beständig. Die Abnahme von [η] im Laufe der ersten drei Monate um 25% beeinflußt die Festigkeitseigenschaften der Filme praktisch nicht und kann durch hydrolytischen Abbau an den anomalen Gliedern erklärt werden. Die Kristallisation des Polymers während des medizinisch-biologischen Versuchs beeinflußt das mechanische Verhalten der Filme.
    Notes: The effect of blood serum in vitro during 16 month at 40°C on the properties of poly-bis-(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene films containing 0.16 mole-% anomalous units of unsubstituted P - Cl-groups in the chain and being characterized by [η] = 4.00 dl/g in acetone has been investigated. Under these conditions the polymer shows biological resistance. The decrease in [η] to 75% of the original value during the first three months exerts actually no effect on the strength of the films and can be explained by hydrolytic degradation of the anomalous units of the chain. The crystallization of the polymer during medical-biological tests affects the mechanical properties of the films.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 381-383 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Living methyl- and butylacrylate chains obtained by means of t-BuOLi in DMF were used as initiators of the polymerization of acrylonitrile. The formation of blockcopolymers was established.
    Notes: Mittels t-BuOLi in DMF hergestellte lebende Methyl- und Butylacrylatketten wurden als Initiatoren der Acrylnitril-polymerisation eingesetzt. Die Bildung von Blockcopolymeren wurde festgestellt.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 39 (1988), S. 391-396 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß verschiedener Herstellungsbedingungen auf die Bildung der morphologischen Struktur in Polypropylenfasern wurde mittels Röntgenbeugung, Scanning-Elektronenmikroskopie und Kleinwinkel-Lichtstreuung untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, daß der Bildungsprozeß und die Deformation der morphologischen Struktur in den Polypropylenfasern sich beim übergang von der traditionellen zur Hochgeschwindigkeitstechnologie ändern.
    Notes: The influence of different preparation conditions upon formation of the morphological structure of polypropylene fibres was studied by X-ray method, scanning electron microscopy, and small-angle light scattering technique. It was found that the formation process and the deformation of the morphologic structure in polypropylene fibres changed when using the traditional and the high velocity technologies, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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