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  • GEOPHYSICS  (155)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS  (47)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (43)
  • 1985-1989  (245)
  • 1985  (245)
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  • 1985-1989  (245)
Year
  • 1
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    HF Doppler observations of acoustic waves excited by the earthquake (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Ionospheric disturbances caused by the earthquake of a relatively small and large epicentral distance have been detected by a network of HF-Doppler sounders in central Japan and Kyoto station, respectively. The HF-Doppler data of a small epicentral distance, together with the seismic data, have been used to formulate a mechanism whereby ionospheric disturbances are produced by the Urakawa-Oki earthquake in Japan. Comparison of the dynamic spectra of these data has revealed experimentally that the atmosphere acts as a low-pass filter for upward-propagating acoustic waves. By surveying the earthquakes for which the magnitude M is larger than 6.0, researchers found the ionospheric effect in 16 cases of 82 seismic events. As almost all these effects have occurred in the daytime, it is considered that it may result from the filtering effect of the upward-propagating acoustic waves.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; p 310-318
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    The stratospheric aerosol particle measurement by balloon at Syowa Station (69.00 deg S, 39.35 deg E): Outline of special sonde (rubber) campaign JARE 24 (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: During the period of AMA (Antarctic Middle Atmosphere), various style balloons were used to measure atmospheric parameters at Syowa Station (69.00 deg S, 39.35 deg E), Antarctica. The measurements which were made using balloons specially designed to monitor stratospheric aerosol particles are discussed. This type balloon was first used by JARE (Japan Antarctic Research Expedition) 24th Team in 1983. Until that time, the Japan Antarctic Research Expedition Team had been using only a large plastic balloon to monitor various minor constituents in the stratosphere. The plastic balloon was very useful, but it took a long time to arrange a balloon launching. Additionally, launching time strongly depended on weather conditions. A timely launching of the balloon was carried out with this specially designed sonde.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 3 p
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  • 3
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    Microwave backscatter and emission observed from Shuttle Imaging Radar B and an airborne 1.4 GHz radiometer (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A soil moisture experiment conducted with the Shuttle Imaging Radar B (SIR-B) is reported. SIR-B operated at 1.28 GHz provided the active microwave measurements, while a 4-beam pushbroom 1.4 GHz radiometer gave the complementary passive microwave measurements. The aircraft measurements were made at an altitude of 330 m, resulting in a ground resolution cell of about 100 m diameter. SIR-B ground resolution from 225 km was about 35 m. More than 150 agricultural fields in the San Joaquin Valley of California were examined in the experiment. The effect of surface roughness height on radar backscatter and radiometric measurements was studied.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 4
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    VHF radar observation of the middle atmosphere at Syowa Station, Antarctica (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The newly developed pulsed Doppler radars with 50 and 112 MHz were installed at Syowa Station (69 deg 00'S, 39 deg 35'E geographic; 70.0 deg S, 80.2 deg E geomagnetic) in 1982 and 1983, respectively. They have the nominal peak power of 15 kW; the narrow antenna beams (4 deg in the horizontal plane) in two different directions (approximately geomagnetic south and geographic south with a crossing angle of about 33 deg), the three operation modes (spectrum, double-pulse and meteor mode). The radars were designed to measure the intensity and Doppler velocity of auroral radar echoes due to the 3- and 1.34-m irregularities appearing often in the disturbed E region and also to detect the meteor echoes in the 80 to 100 km altitudes, thereby to clarify how the middle atmosphere in the polar region behaves in response to the energy input from the magnetosphere, especially during a substorm. Some initial results obtained through the radar operation during 1982 to 1983 are presented to show that this system is useful for continuous monitoring of the lower auroral ionosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 6 p
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  • 5
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    The effect of vegetation type, microrelief, and incidence angle on radar backscatter (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The NASA/JPL Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) was flown over a 20 x 110 km test site in the Texas High Plains regions north of Lubbock during February/March 1984. The effect of incidence angle was investigated by comparing the pixel values of the calibrated and uncalibrated images. Ten-pixel-wide transects along the entire azimuth were averaged in each of the two scenes, and plotted against the calculated incidence angle of the center of each range increment. It is evident from the graphs that both the magnitudes and patterns exhibited by the corresponding transect means of the two images are highly dissimilar. For each of the cross-poles, the uncalibrated image displayed very distinct and systematic positive trends through the entire range of incidence angles. The two like-poles, however, exhibited relatively constant returns. In the calibrated image, the cross-poles exhibited a constant return, while the like-poles demonstrated a strong negative trend across the range of look-angles, as might be expected.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: JPL NASA(JPL Aircraft SAR Workshop Proc.; p 25-29
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  • 6
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    Auroral zone effects on hydrogen geocorona structure and variability (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The effect of diurnal and magnetospheric modulations on the structure of the hydrogen geocorona is analyzed on the basis of recent observations. Particular attention is given to the enhancement of neutral escape by plasma effects, including the recently observed phenomenon of low-altitude ion acceleration. It is found that, while significant fluxes of neutral H should be produced by transverse ion acceleration in the auroral zone, the process is probably insufficient to account for the observed polar depletion of hydrogen atoms. Analysis of recent exospheric temperature measurements from the Dynamics Explorer-2 satellite suggest that neutral heating in and near the high latitude cusp may be the major contributor to depleted atomic hydrogen densities at high latitudes. Altitude profiles of the production rates for escaping neutral hydrogen atoms during periods of maximum, minimum, and typical solar activity are provided.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 33; 499-505
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  • 7
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    Particles upstream of the pre-dawn bow shock - ISEE-3 observations (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The first observations of energetic ions (equal to or greater than 30 keV) in the region upstream of the pre-dawn bow shock (X between 0 and -60 Re inclusively) are presented. The intensity in this region is controlled by the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and is maximized when the IMF is around the spiral direction. The particle distributions are highly anisotropic with the anisotropy directed perpendicular to the magnetic field. In the E x B frame this perpendicular anisotropy is conserved and it is argued that the distribution is pancake-like. This indicates that the energetic particles in the pre-dawn upstream region have their origin in the near-earth upstream region, from where they are convected by the solar wind perpendicular to the magnetic field. It is therefore concluded that acceleration occurs mainly near the nose of the bow shock, and particle acceleration at the distant bow shock is weak.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 12; 373-376
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  • 8
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    The westward thermospheric jet-stream of the evening auroral oval (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Ground-based and satellite measurements of the thermospheric wind in jet-streams during the evening auroral oval are analyzed, in order to study the geophysical mechanisms of thermospheric wind generation. Numerical simulations using a global, three-dimensional, time-dependent model of thermospheric dynamics were compared with the satellite data, and the results are discussed in detail. The wind distribution during the storm is shown in a series of color plates.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 33; 425-443
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  • 9
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    Coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere - CDAW 6 (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is pointed out that an extensive study of the causes and manifestations of geomagnetic activity has been carried out as part of the sixth Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop, CDAW 6. The present investigation has the objective to determine the coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere for the two selected analysis intervals, taking into account, as a basis for the study, the interplanetary field and plasma observations from ISEE 3 and IMP 8 and the geomagnetic activity indicators developed by CDAW 6 participants. The method of analysis employed is discussed, giving attention to geomagnetic indices, upstream parameters, and a cross-correlation analysis. In a description of the obtained results, the March 22, 1979 event is considered along with the March 31 to April 1, 1979 event, and an intercomparison of the events. The relationship between interplanetary indices and the resulting geomagnetic activity for the two CDAW 6 intervals is illustrated.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 1191-119
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  • 10
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    Propagation mechanism of daytime Pc 3-4 pulsations observed at synchronous orbit and multiple ground-based stations (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observational data obtained during the last two decades show that the amplitude of daytime Pc 3-4 magnetic pulsations is controlled by the solar wind conditions. The high degree of correlation between the solar wind parameters and Pc 3-4 pulsations in the dayside magnetosphere suggests that the ultimate cause of the daytime Pc 3-4 pulsations must be the interaction of the solar wind with the earth's magnetosphere. The present paper is concerned with details regarding the control of the properties of the Pc 3-4 pulsations by the solar wind parameters, taking into account observations made at multiple ground-based stations. It is attempted to establish the relation between the daytime Pc 3-4 pulsations at the ground stations and the compressional Pc 3-4 waves in the magnetosphere. Attention is given to the most probable propagation mechanism of the daytime Pc 3-4 pulsations in the magnetosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 6439-645
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