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  • Articles  (113)
  • Chemical Engineering  (90)
  • pharmacokinetics  (23)
  • 1985-1989  (113)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1985  (113)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of infusion regimens for thiopentone as a primary anaesthetic agent (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 543-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: thiopentone ; anaesthesia ; intravenous anaesthesia ; multi-stage infusion ; exponential infusions ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several multi-stage infusion regimens and a computer controlled exponentially decreasing infusion regimen were evaluated in twelve patients undergoing head and neck surgery or neurosurgery. Thiopentone dosage was based on the mean of pharmacokinetic parameter values from the literature and adjusted for each patient's lean body mass in order to rapidly achieve a predetermined plasma thiopentone concentration of 15 or 20 µg/ml in the period following the initial bolus dose to induce anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was satisfactory in all cases. Plasma thiopentone concentrations were maintained between 10–20 µg/ml during infusion in the five patients who received either a four or five stage infusion and in the six patients who received the exponential infusion, but not in the single patient who received a two-stage infusion. The mean recovery time was 111 min. The plasma concentrations of total and unbound thiopentone at awakening showed little intersubject variability, despite considerable differences in total dose and duration of infusion, suggesting the absence of acute tolerance to the drug. Plasma clearance of total thiopentone correlated strongly with calculated lean body mass and to a lesser extent with total body weight suggesting that lean body mass, in particular, should be an accurate predictor of thiopentone maintenance dose requirements. This study shows that it is feasible to use thiopentone as a primary anaesthetic agent during surgery by administering the drug either as an exponentially decreasing infusion or as an infusion comprising 4 or 5 stepwise decreasing rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544065
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antipyrine metabolite formation and excretion in patients with chronic renal failure (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 589-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: antipyrine ; chronic renal failure ; drug metabolism ; metabolism ; cumulation ; renal excretion ; pharmacokinetics ; clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study the influence of chronic renal insufficiency on antipyrine clearance, metabolite formation and excretion was investigated in 8 patients. After oral administration of antipyrine, the parent compound, its metabolites and their conjugates were assayed in plasma and urine. Besides the parent drug, 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine (HMA) was present in plasma in the free and conjugated forms, whereas 4-hydroxyantipyrine (OHA) and norantipyrine (NORA) were found only in the conjugated form. The same was true for urine. The plasma concentrations of these metabolites are too low to be measured in subjects with normal renal function. Plasma antipyrine clearance in the patients was in the same range as in healthy subjects. Investigation of metabolite kinetics, however, revealed that the rate of formation of NORA was preferentially decreased, whereas that of OHA and HMA were unaltered. Renal clearance of the metabolites of antipyrine was severely impaired in patients with renal insufficiency, and the resulting accumulation made it possible for the first-time to measure the antipyrine metabolites in plasma. Mean residence times of metabolites were longer than that of the parent compound. Renal clearances of the conjugates were correlated with the creatinine clearance, but were somewhat higher. Renal clearance of free HMA was lower and was also correlated with creatinine clearance. The mean clearance for glucuronidation of HMA was 93.1 ml/min. The results suggest that in healthy subjects Phase I metabolism is the rate-limiting step in the elimination of antipyrine, which is essential for its application as a model drug in metabolism studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544072
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing studies in the single screw extruder (1985)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 25 (1985), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Laminar mixing in a single screw extruder between two miscible liquids is considered. Studies are presented which examine the mixing performance in single screw extruders with mixing sections, variable geometry screws, and multi-viscosity mixtures. Model extruders, set up on engine lathes, were used to mix colored silicone rubber which eventually cured in the screw channel. The cured silicone was then removed and sliced to measure the mixing. Results show mixing as a function of both down channel location and total average strain. For the mixing section study, results support the theory of interfacial area reorientation as the key mechanism in mixing section performance. Increasing viscosity ratio for the multi-viscosity study showed a decrease in mixing rate.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760250510
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics and haemodynamics of BTS 49465 and its major metabolite in healthy volunteers (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 659-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: BTS 49465 ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics ; blood pressure effect ; heart rate effect ; side-effects ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic and haemodynamic effects of a 200 mg oral dose of BTS 49465 (7-fluoro-1-methyl-3-methylsulphinyl-4-quinolone) were investigated in a double-blind placebo controlled study. BTS 49465 was rapidly absorbed and cleared from the systemic circulation with a half-life of 1.6 h by oxidation to the sulphone metabolite. The metabolite was cleared with a half-life of 37.6 h. Saliva concentrations of both BTS 49465 and its metabolite correlated well with the plasma concentrations. Compared to placebo, BTS 49465 produced statistically significant reductions in blood pressure and increases in heart rate both supine and after a 60° head up tilt. The time course of the haemodynamic changes suggested that the sulphone metabolite contributed to the overall hypotensive response. Plasma Renin Activity was only marginally elevated and there was no evidence of acute fluid retention. BTS 49465 was well tolerated in terms of haematological and biochemical parameters and subjective side-effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607911
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of an extended-release dosage form of molsidomine in patients with coronary heart disease (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 611-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: molsidomine ; angina pectoris ; pharmacokinetics ; molsidomine retard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Molsidomine (N-carboxy-3-morpholino-sydnonimine-ethylester; Cassella-Riedel Pharma GmbH, Frankfurt/M. FRG) has an antianginal effect for up to 3–5 h after oral administration of 2 mg Corvaton [1]. Plasma levels of the parent drug can be measured during this interval. A new galenic formulation (Corvaton retard) has been developed to prolong the duration of the therapeutic action and to improve patient compliance. The present study was carried out to establish whether the in vitro dissolution profile of the tablet was reflected in vivo, thus permitting prediction of plasma molsidomine levels in patients with coronary heart disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544076
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antisecretory effect and oral pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in patients with chronic renal failure (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 637-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: omeprazole ; renal failure ; gastric secretion ; pharmacokinetics ; haemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The inhibitory effect of omeprazole on gastric acid secretion was tested in a group of patients on haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Single 30 mg doses almost totally inhibited basal acid output on both dialysis and non-dialysis days. Plateau acid output was reduced by a mean of 77% and 90% on non-dialysis and dialysis days respectively. The absorption and pharmacokinetic profile of omeprazole were not affected by dialysis. Omeprazole was not recoverable from dialysis fluid. It is concluded that omeprazole is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion in patients with chronic renal failure, and its effect is not influenced by haemodialysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607907
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrete cell model of fixed-bed adsorbers with rectangular adsorption isotherms (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1329-1337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Adsorption of organics inot activated carbon particles within a fixed-bed adsorber is modeled using the concept of mixing cells. The adsorption isotherm of these organics is taken to be rectangular because of the commonly observed strong affinity of organics into activated carbons. The model equations are solved by a singular perturbation method, and this results in a graphical procedure similar to that of McCabe and Thiele used in distillation column design. Such a graphical procedure provides a quick means to determine the adsorbate profiles along the adsorber for a given time and also the breakthrough curve, which reflects the performance of the adsorber.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310812
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porosity effects on catalytic char oxidation. Part I: A catalyst deposition model (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 957-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Six char samples generated from two coals were impregnated by solutions with different concentrations of Na2CO3 and /or K2CO3. The catalyst solution penetration was studied, the catalyst uptake was measured, and the effects of impregnation on the char pore structure were determined experimentally. The results indicate that the impregnated catalysts reside only on particle exteriors without significant penetration. The overall rate of reaction is therfore the combination of catalytic reaction on particle exteriors and noncatalytic reaction on the pore surfaces inside the particle. A kinetic model is presented that takes these findings into account.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310612
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porosity effects on catalytic char oxidation. Part II: Experimental results (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 965-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxidation rates of Na2CO3- and K2CO3-impregnated char samples were measured in an isothermal kinetic control regime. The results were analyzed by a previously developed model to extract the intrinsic catalytic reactivities, freed from superimposed noncatalytic and structural effects. Although the overall catalyzed rates are only several times greater than their uncatalyzed counterparts, the intrinsic catalytic rates were found to be four orders of magnitude greater. The results further indicate that the function of the catalyst is to increase the number of active sites without affecting the activation energy. The overall reaction kinetics are demonstrated to contain the combined contributions of both catalytic and noncatalytic reactions, and in this context the effects of multiple catalysts as well as of the pore structure development during reaction can be understood and interpreted.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310613
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pore structure on char oxidation kinetics (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 973-981 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Prior studies have demonstrated that char gasification rates vary with conversion, showing a maximum at an intermediate level. In this work experimentally determined char-air reaction rates and corresponding pore structures are compared to assess the applicability of a previously proposed random pore model and to extract pertinent chemical and physical parameters. Results on six different chars are presented and analyzed to obtain structure parameters, intrinsic kinetics, and activation energies. Agreement between two independent evaluations of the structure parameters demonstrates the degree of applicability of the random pore model and supports the view that rate variations with conversion are controlled by pore structural changes, even though overall rates also include contributions of intrinsic reactivity.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310614
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