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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (7)
  • Physics  (2)
  • 33BAPB
  • 42.60D
  • CYBERNETICS
  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989  (7)
  • 1985  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modified affine law for the elastic and optical properties of low density polyethylene (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 2649-2656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A unified study of the anomalous mechanical properties and birefringence of low density polyethylene (LDPE) is attempted within the frame work of the rotating element model. The present paper investigates the validity of the affine transformation rule used in the Ward model and suggests a modified affine law which is based on the consideration that the units are only reoriented and, unlike the affine law, are not deformed due to the uniaxial stretching. The relationship between the angles made by the C-axis of the unit with the drawing direction in the undrawn state (θ) and the drawn state (θ), is deduced as sin θ = f(n) sin θ′. From the birefringence data of different polymers a two parameter relation of the form f (n) = exp [-(n - 1)α/β] is suggested. Using this new orientation function, the agreement of the predicted values of E0 and E90 for LDPE for the entire draw ratio range between temperatures of 60°C to -125°C, is quite satisfactory. An interesting feature is that the abrupt change in the values of the parameters α and β at two different temperatures may be associated with a phase transition of LDPE at an intermediate temperature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.021861225
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl polymerization by carbon black, IV. Some properties of modified carbon black compared with its polymerization initiating activity (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 129 (1985), S. 43-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Alle Arten von Ruß enthalten große Anteile an ungepaarten Elektronen und organischen funktionellen Gruppen. Die Polymerisation wird wahrscheinlich durch die ungepaarten Elektronen auf der Oberfläche ausgelöst; die funktionellen Gruppen haben auf die auslösende Reaktion einen Promotor-Effekt. Alle Eigenschaften wie Textur, Geometrie, Größe der Oberfläche, pH der wäßrigen Aufschlämmung, Aschegehalt und elementare Zusammensetzung haben Einfluß auf die Polymerisation. Diese einschlägigen physikochemischen und Oberflächen-Eigenschaften von nicht modifiziertem und modifiziertem Ruß N 220 wurden im Hinblick auf die Polymerisation von N-Vinylcarbazol untersucht.
    Notes: All grades of carbon black contain large amounts of unpaired electrons and organic functional groups. Polymerization reaction is possibly initiated by the unpaired electrons on the surface; the functional groups have promotional effect on the initiation process. All the properties like texture, geometry, surface area, pH of the aqueous slurry, ash content, and elemental composition have effects on the polymerization reaction. These pertinent physicochemical and surface properties of unmodified and modified N 220 carbon black have been studied in relation to N-vinylcarbazole polymerization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051290104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl polymerization by carbon black, VI. Physico-chemical characteristics of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) prepared by modified and unmodified carbon black (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 134 (1985), S. 151-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Initiatorwirksamkeit von unmodifiziertem und durch Vorbehandlung mit verschiedenen protischen und aprotischen Säuren modifiziertem Ruß N 220 wurde für die Polymerisation von N-Vinylcarbazol untersucht. Die physiko-chemischen Eigenschaften der mit diesen Initiatorsystemen erhaltenen Polymeren wurden durch IR-, Röntgen-, 1H-NMR- und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie, Gelpermeationschromatographie und thermische Analysen untersucht. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen zeigt das entstehende Polymere eine teilweise Unlöslichkeit in Methylethylketon. Im Gegensatz zur üblichen Meinung ist dieses Verhalten nicht auf stereochemische Unterschiede zwischen den Polymereinheiten zurückzuführen, wie durch 13C-NMR-spektroskopische Analysen der in Methylethylketon unlöslichen Fraktion des Polymeren gezeigt wurde.
    Notes: The polymerization initiating activity of carbon black N220, unmodified as well as modified by pretreatment with various protonic and aprotonic acids has been examined in regards to N-vinylcarbazole polymerization. The physico-chemical characteristics of the polymer obtained by these catalyst systems have been investigated by I.R., X-ray, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, gel permeation chromatography and thermal analysis measurements. Under certain conditions the resultant polymer shows some partial insolubility in methylethylketone. Contrary to the usual belief, this is not due to any stereochemical difference between the polymeric entities as observed by 13C-NMR spectrum analysis of the methylethylketone insoluble fraction of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051340110
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffraction characteristics of paracrystalline linear molecular structures with multimodal coordination statistics (1985)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 6 (1985), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1985.030060511
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl polymerization by carbon black V. Solvent effect and the kinetics of the polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 (1985), S. 2567-2578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole has been carried out at 60°C under nitrogen with different grades of carbon black, N220, N110, N330, and N660 as heterogeneous catalysts. The order of efficiency of the catalysts in regard to the polymerization is: N220 〉 N110 〉 N660 〉 N330. Effect of solvent polarity on the polymerization has been studied with acetonitrile, 1,2-dichloroethane, and toluene-nitrobenzene mixtures. Nitrobenzene, with highest polarity, affords the highest rate, which decreases with decreasing nitrobenzene percentage in the solvent mixture. These features suggest the polymerization to be cationic in nature. The relative viscosities of the polymers are low, but tend to increase only slightly with increasing nitrobenzene content. The rate of polymerization can be expressed by the relation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ - \frac{{{\rm d}\left[ {\rm M} \right]}}{{{\rm dt}}} = k_1 [{\rm M}]{\rm [Carbon Black]} $$\end{document} A suitable kinetic model has been presented in conformity with the experimental findings.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170231001
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of N-vinylcarbazole polymerization on Co(II)-13X molecular sieve (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 (1985), S. 2631-2646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetics of polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole over Co(II)-13X molecular sieves in toluene have been studied. The rate of polymerization (Rp) has been found to be second order with respect to percent exchange level of Co(II) and also to the NVC concentration at all the reaction temperatures of 40, 50 and 60°C. The rate increases with decreasing pH of the original exchanging salt solution up to a pH of about 3.5, beyond which it falls. The overall activation energy of polymerization has been found to decrease with increase in monomer concentration, exchange level of Co(II), and the hydrogen ion concentration of the original exchange solution. Average degree of polymerization also follows a similar trend. A mechanism of polymerization involving simultaneous propagation on both metal ion Co(II) and proton on a zeolite surface has been suggested. The two propagation routes are characterized by an average activation energy of 10.36 kcal/mol and 5.40 kcal/mol on the metal ion and proton centers, respectively.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170231006
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hole transport property of poly(2-N-carbazolylethyl methacrylate) (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 23 (1985), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.130230306
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