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  • Lepidoptera  (21)
  • Springer  (21)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (21)
  • 1985  (21)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (21)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
  • Oxford University Press
Years
  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (21)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Pyralidae ; Lepidoptera ; azadirachtin ; antifeedant ; botanical insecticide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a examiné les propriétés anti-appétantes et insecticides de l'azadirachtine, une substance triterpénoïde provenant d'Azadirachta indica envers la pyrale du maïs Ostrinia nubilalis. La concentration effective pour causer 50% d'inhibition de l'alimentation larvaire (PC50) sur des disques foliaires a été de 3.5 ppm pour les larves de premier stade et de 24 μg/8 pour celle de troisième stade. L'azadirachtine a sévèrement réduit la croissance larvaire à des concentrations de 1 et 10 ppm dans une diète méridique et, éventuellement, a causé 100% de mortalité à 10 ppm et 90% à 1 ppm. A 0.1 ppm l'azadirachtine n'a pas eu d'effet significatif sur les larves maïs a modifié l'indice de masculinité en faveur des mâles au moment de l'émergence et a empêché l'oviposition chez les femelles. Les indices nutritionnels pour les larves naïves de troisième âge et celles ayant subi une accoutumance suggèrent que la réduction de croissance est le résultat d'une intoxication comme le démontre une efficacité réduite de transformation chez les groupes traités à l'azadirachtine, plutôt que des changements de digestibilité. Il n'y a pas d'évidence claire de tolérance dans le groupe ayant subi l'accoutumance. Les résultats suggèrent qu'à 10 ppm l'azadirachtine est un insecticide botanique efficace envers O. nubilalis.
    Notes: Abstract Azadirachtin, a triterpenoid substance from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae, was evaluated for its antifeedant and insecticidal properties to the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner. The 50% protective concentration for larval feeding on treated corn disks (PC50) was 3.5 ppm for neonate larvae and 24 ppm for third instar larvae. Azadirachtin severely reduced larval growth at 1 and 10 ppm in a meridic diet and eventually caused 100% mortality at 10 ppm and 90% at 1 ppm. At 0.1 ppm azadirachtin showed no significant effect on larvae but altered the sex ratio in favor of male moths during adult emergence and arrested oviposition of female moths. Nutritional indices for naive and habituated third instar larvae suggested that reduction of growth was due to toxicity as shown by a lowered efficiency of conversion in the azadirachtin treated groups, rather than changes in digestibility. No clear evidence of tolerance was observed in the habituated group. The data suggest that at 10 ppm azadirachtin is an effective botanical insecticide for control of O. nubilalis.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 793-800 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma evanescens ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; Pieris brassicae ; Pieris rapae ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; kairomone ; oviposition ; deterring pheromone ; accessory gland ; egg parasite ; tricosane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In observation-cage experiments some new contact kairomones for the egg parasiteTrichogramma evanescens Westwood are demonstrated.T. evanescens females search significantly longer on cabbage leaves treated with the wing scales of two hosts,Pieris brassicae L. andP. rapae L. Further, egg washes ofP. brassicae containing an oviposition deterrent pheromone for the butterflies, were found to have a contact-kairomonal effect on the parasite.T. evanescens females search significantly longer on cabbage leaves sprayed with a methanol or water wash ofP. brassicae eggs than on leaves treated with the solvent only.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 781-791 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma evanescens ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; Pieris brassicae ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Mamestra brassicae ; Noctuidae ; kairomone ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-11-hexadecenylacetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In a four-armed airflow olfactometerTrichogramma evanescens Westwood females were attracted by a volatile substance(s) released by virgin females of the great cabbage white butterfly,Pieris brassicae L. Males or recently mated females did not cause attraction. Furthermore,T. evanescens was also attracted by volatiles released by calling virgin cabbage moths,Mamestra brassicae L. However, the parasites did not respond to (Z)-11-hex-adecenylacetate (the main component of the sex pheromone ofM. brassicae), a crude hexane extract of the sex pheromone gland, or to males or recently mated females.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Choristoneura pinus pinus ; jack pine budworm ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; (E,Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E,Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical identification and field-trapping experiments have shown that a blend of 85∶15 (E,Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetates and 85∶15 (E,Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ols (in a 9∶1 ratio) are female sex pheromone components for jack pine budworm,Choristoneura pinus pinus. This blend of chemicals, formulated in PVC (0.1 %, w/w) sources is as effective a trap bait as virgin females. Preliminary wind tunnel observations have indicated that this blend, effective as a trap bait, is not equivalent to females.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomones ; learning ; experience ; host selection ; parasitoids ; Cotesia marginiventris ; Apanteles marginiventris ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; fall armyworm ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The study was conducted to determine how various factors, including learning, influence the host-selection behavior of the larval parasitoid Cotesia (=Apanteles)marginiventris (Cresson). Frass, silk, and feeding damage fromSpodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) larvae elicited visits and antennal examinations by females of the parasitoid. Learning played a role in the effective response to these stimuli in that previous contact experience with hosts and/or chewed leaves, exuviae, frass, or hemolymph significantly enhanced the response of the parasitoid. Previous contact with host plants alone did not improve the responses. Experienced parasitoids were more active and spent less time at rest than inexperienced parasitoids. Previous experience was also found to be of significant importance in the ability of the parasitoid to discriminate between parasitized and unparasitized host larvae.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; voltinism ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pheromone blend analyses of glands from individual female European corn borers,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), from field-collected larvae or pupae associated with bivoltine flights in June and August and a univoltine flight in July have shown that: (1) a site in western New York has a bivoltine biotype utilizing (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate as its primary pheromone component (designatedZ), (2) two sites in central New York have mixed populations consisting of a bivoltine biotype utilizing theE pheromone isomer (designatedE) and a univoltine biotype utilizingZ, and (3) one site in central New York was found to have only the univoltineZ biotype. The combinations of voltine biotypes and pheromone strains found in New York support the existence of three European corn borer populations designated bivoltineE, bivoltineZ, and univoltineZ.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 24-29 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Pieridae ; Lepidoptera ; systematics ; evolution ; enzyme electrophoresis ; genetic differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enzyme electrophoretic data show a remarkably high degree of genetic similarity within the European group ofnapi s.l. whereas genetic differences exist at several loci between the European and the North American taxa ofnapi s.l. It is concluded that the European taxa did not differentiate to the species level and form a phylogenetically young group. The North American taxa included in this study are specifically distinct from Europeannapi and separated much earlier. Within these North American taxamarginalis, oleracea andvirginiensis did undergo speciation. The data show a splitting of the genusPieris into three species groups, each genetically differentiated to the same level. The splitting ofPieris into two genera, as suggested by earlier investigators, is not supported here.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: kairomone ; frass ; Microplitis demolitor ; Heliothis zea ; Trichoplusia ni ; host selection ; behavior ; Hymenoptera ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Microplitis demolitor, un parasitoïde solitaire de plusieurs espèces de chenilles de noctuelles, a été introduit d'Australie aux Etats-Unis comme agent potentiel de contrôle biologique. Les fèces des chenilles d'Heliothis zea et Trichoplusia ni élevées sur des cotyledons de pois (Pink Eye Purple Hull Cowpea) stimulent les femelles à sélectionner un hôte, mais les fèces des chenilles des deux espèces élevées sur diète CSM ne possèdent pas cette activité. Un extrait hexanique des fèces des chenilles de H. zea élevées sur cotyledons de pois stimule également ce comportement, de même que le 13-methylhentriacontane, substance présente dans les fèces des chenilles de H. zea (Jones et al., 1971). Les femelles de M. demolitor exposées immédiatement avant leur lâcher en serre aux fèces des chenilles de H. zea, nourries de cotyledons de pois, parasitent un plus fort pourcentage (41.7%) de chenilles de H. zea que cells qui n'ont pas été exposées aux fèces (13.9%). Le comportement de sélection de l'hôte des femelles de M. demolitor est donc semblable à celui des femelles de Microplitis croceipes, un parasitoïde étroitement apparenté indigène des Etats-U-nis. La femelle, par exemple, est stimulée par une kairomone des fèces des larves de H. zea nourries sur des cotyledons de pois (incluant le 13-methyl-hentriacontane), la diète affecte l'activité kairomonale des fèces, et une exposition préalable aux fèces avant le lâcher stimule le comportement de sélection de l'hôte. La stimulation du comportement de sélection de l'hôte, au moment du lâcher peut être utilisée pour améliorer l'efficacité des lâchers des parasitoïdes dans les programmes de contrôle biologique.
    Notes: Abstract Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson, a solitary larval parasitoid of several species of Noctuidae, has been imported into the United States from Australia. A closely related species, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), is native to the United States. The host-selection behavior of M. demolitor females is similar to that of M. croceipes in that it is stimulated by kairomones (including 13-methylhentriacontane) in the frass of Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae, larval diet affects the kairomonal activity of the frass, and exposure to frass prior to release stimulates host-selection behavior. M. demolitor females also respond to frass from Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) larvae that had fed on Pink Eye Purple Hull Cowpea cotyledons.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Adoxophyes orana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; strain ; sex pheromone ; sex gland components ; Z9-14:Ac ; Z11-14:Ac ; mating disruption ; spermatophores ; population density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des essais ont été effectués en laboratoire en mettant des couples de papillons d'Adoxophyes orana F.v.R. pendant une semaine dans des boîtes d'élevage de 1,25 l avec ou sans composantes phéromonales. A la fin de l'essai, les femelles sont disséquées pour la recherche des spermatophores. L'inhibition des accouplements s'accroît avec l'augmentation de la charge des deux composantes principales de l'attractif, le Z9-14:Ac et le Z11-14:Ac (9:1) et elle décroît lorsque la densité de popultion passe de 1 à 5, 10, 20 couples de papillons par boîte. Chacune de ces deux composantes principales isolée provoque une réduction d'accouplements aussi importante que le mélange lui-même. Les composantes mineures Z9-12:Ac et 12:Ac ont pratiquement la même efficacité que les composantes principales, mais le 14:Ac et le Z11-14:OH sont sans effet. Des essais identiques effectués avec une souche d'A. orana récemment introduite en élevage continu, montrent qu'il suffit d'environ dix fois moins d'attractif pour provoquer le même effet que sur l'ancienne souche. Parallèlement à l'adaptation aux conditions d'élevage, le nombre de femelles non accouplées dans les témoins diminue progressivement et la fréquence des accouplements multiples augmente. II est donc vivement recommandé de travailler avec des souches continuellement renouvelées en élevage, ou avec les descendants directs d'individus prélevés en vergers. Les résultats obtenus sont commentés en relation avec la lutte par la technique de confusion.
    Notes: Abstract Couples of Adoxophyes orana F.v.R. were isolated for one week in small 1.25 l rearing boxes in the laboratory with sex gland components deposited on rubber caps. At the end of the trials females were dissected and spermatophores counted. Reduction of mating increased with the dose of a mixture of the attractant components Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac (9:1) but decreased with increasing density of 1 to 5, 10 and 20 couples per box. Each of the attractant components alone produced a mating inhibition equal to the mixture. The minor components Z9-12:Ac and 12:Ac had approximately the same effect as the main components, but 14:Ac and Z11-14:OH had no effect. Identical trials conducted on a strain of summerfruit moth newly introduced to our rearing showed that ten times less product was needed to achieve the same degree of mating inhibition as with the old strain. With adaptation to laboratory conditions the proportion of unmated females diminished and repeated matings occurred more frequently. In order to achieve meaningful results one must work with material from regularly renewed rearings, or better with the direct descendants of individuals from orchards. The results are discussed in relation to mating disruption of A. orana in orchards.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 21-26 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Pieris ; cabbage ; oviposition deterrents ; host selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Eiablage von Pieris rapae auf Kohl wurde gehemmt von einem Homogenisat aus Kohlblättern, das auf intakte Pflanzen gesprüht wurde. Ether-Extrakte der Kohlblätter wirkten im Gegensatz zu Wasserextrakten abschreckend. Ebenso zeigten Hexanextrakte anderer Wirtspflanzen eine hemmende Wirkung auf die Eiablage, während Wasserextrakte anderer Wirtspflanzen keine Wirkung aufwiesen. Dagegen aber verhinderten sowohl polare als auch unpolare Extrakte von Nicht-Wirtspflanzen die Eiablagen. Polare, abschreckende Substanzen in den Nicht-Wirtspflanzen Erysimum cheiranthoides und Capsella bursa-pastoris (Cruciferae) könnten Ursache dafür sein, dass P. rapae diese Pflanzen meidet. Chemische Substanzen mit sowohl abschreckender als auch stimulierender Wirkung spielen offensichtlich eine bedeutende Rolle für legebereite Schmetterlingsweibchen bei der Auswahl von Pflanzen als geeigneten Eiablageplatz.
    Notes: Abstract Oviposition by Pieris rapae L. on cabbage was deterred by homogenized cabbage tissue sprayed onto intact plants. Ether extracts of cabbage also were deterrent, but water extracts were not. Hexane extracts of other host plants deterred oviposition and water extracts had little or no effect. Polar as well as non-polar extracts of non-host plants inhibited oviposition. Polar deterrents in the non-host crucifers, Erysimum cheiranthoides and Capsella bursa-pastoris may explain the avoidance of these plants by P. rapae. Chemical deterrents, as well as stimulants, apparently play a major role in the acceptance or rejection of plants as hosts by ovipositing female butterflies.
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