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  • Springer  (84)
  • Springer Nature  (18)
  • Cell Press  (4)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1985-1989  (107)
  • 1987  (49)
  • 1985  (58)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: spotted alfalfa aphid ; Therioaphis trifolii ; aphid-resistant plants ; lucerne = alfalfa ; Medicago sativa ; variation ; bioassay ; antibiosis non-preference ; inter-plant movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude de la multiplication initiale des effectifs de T. trifolii, élevés au laboratoire sur pousses de différents pieds de luzerne, a servi de test d'antibiose pour les cultures en plein champ. La distribution de l'antibiose, dans des échantillons importants de plantes appartenant à des cultivars sélectionnés pour leur résistance aux pucerons, a présenté une forme en J, c'est-à-dire que la majorité des plantes était très résistante, quelques unes apparemment sensibles, et un certain nombre intermédiaires entre ces deux extrêmes. Pour un niveau donné d'antibiose, la reproduction, la mortalité et ainsi la distribution initiale en âges dans les populations de pucerons ont été généralement identiques. La multiplication végétative de plantes présentant un gradient de résistance à l'intérieur d'un cultivar et l'utilisation d'un plan de distribution des boutures ont permis l'étude de ce qui semble être l'effet de l'hétérogénéité spatiale sur la résistance des cultures aux attaques de pucerons. La simulation d'une invasion de la culture par les pucerons en plaçant des adulte sur toutes les boutures d'un rang ne pouvait donner une explication de la croissance de la population que si les pucerons se déplacaient le long du rang pour découvrir et exploiter les pieds les plus sensibles. Une distribution par taches, comme on peut l'envisager dans un champ, ne devrait pas gêner les pucerons, car bien que les mouvements d'évasion soient stimulés par les niveaux de résistance élevés (de non-préférence), on peut en déduire que les pucerons se déplaceront sur des plantes très résistantes, eventuellement pour atteindre des plantes moins résistantes placées derriere.
    Notes: Abstract Initial population growth of spotted alfalfa aphid reared on shoots cut from individual lucerne plants, was tested and used as a realistic bioassay of antibiosis. Within cultivars selected for aphid-resistance there was a J-shaped distribution of antibiosis between plants of the crop, the majority being highly resistant, a few apparently susceptible and a proportion partly-resistant. For a given level of antibiosis, reproduction, mortality and thus initial age distribution of aphid populations were generally similar. Vegetative cloning of plants from the range of resistance available in a cultivar has allowed studies of the likely effect of spatial variation of resistance in crops on aphid infestations, using experimental arrays of cut shoots. Simulation of aphid invasion of crops by the placement of adults on all shoots of an array gave results explicable only if the aphids moved through the array to find and breed on the more susceptible plants. A patchy arrangement of these, as might be expected in a field crop, would not hinder the aphids, for although movement off a plant is stimulated by higher resistance (non-preference) levels, it was inferred that aphids will move onto higher resistance plants, eventually to reach lower resistance plants beyond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 17 (1985), S. 385-387 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Adult female whitespotted sawyers Monochamus scutellatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were placed on succeeding days with two males differing visibly in size. Females showed a significant preference for the larger of two males. The rate of oviposition was significantly higher when the female was paired with the larger male. Both the rate of movement by the paired female and her rate of indicating non-receptivity were significantly lower when the female was paired with the larger male. This species exhibits resource defense polygyny, and females appear to choose mates mainly on the basis of the quality of resources defended. This study suggests, however, that when resource quality is constant, females choose mates on the basis of their size.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We observed significant piezoelectric activity in cast films of poly(1-bicyclobutanecarbonitrile).
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (1985), S. 75-80 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Unruh effect (heating by acceleration in vacuum) is discussed for the case of extended thermometers. An ambiguity in the temperature, corresponding to the well-known ambiguity in temperature of an extended body in thermal equilibrium in a gravitational field, is noted. The generality of the effect is related, following Sewell, to PCT symmetry. Application is made to the case of a spin-half particle in a confining and accelerating electromagnetic field.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Impedance measurements on 23 Ah Ni-Cd cells at various residual capacity levels are described. These have been made using non-inductive connections coupled directly to a potentiostat and a frequency response analyser. The capacitive reactance at 0.39 Hz provided the best residual capacity indicator.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 15 (1985), S. 399-404 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Impedance measurements have been made on a mini electrode disposed between two large (identical) counter electrodes. A general mechanism is obtained for the electrode behaviour from the experimental data. The electrode reaction is two step and complex. Where comparison is possible agreement is obtained with earlier work.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Gross errors in impedance measurements of high capacity electrical storage cells can be observed when using a commercial Frequency Response Analyser (FRA) coupled with an electrochemical interface. The magnitudes of these errors are discussed and an appropriate automatic calibration procedure is described which enables the correct impedance to be recorded at any frequency.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 31-38 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: development rate ; survival ; reproduction ; intrinsic rate of increase ; effect of temperature ; effect of photoperiod ; physiological time ; temperature limits ; Hyperomyzus lactucae ; Aphididae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La durée du développement, le taux de survie et la fécondité en fonction de l'âge ont été suivis chez les virginipares aptères et ailés du puceron: Hyperomyzus lactucae L., élevé sur Sonchus oleraceus L., et soumis à différentes conditions de température et de lumière. A l'intérieur de la gamme de températures moyennes de 12,5 à 24°C, la vitesse de développement et le rythme de reproduction augmentent, tandis que la longévité et la fécondité totale diminuent. La relation entre la température et la durée du développement est presque linéaire, avec un seuil théorique de développement évalué à environ 2°C. Le taux intrinsèque d'accroissement est lié positivement à la température calculée sur une base quotidienne, mais la relation est inversée quand la température est mesurée sur une échelle physiologique. Pour des conditions d'élevage identiques, les ailés ont eu, dans l'ensemble, une durée de développement plus longue, un taux de reproduction et une fécondité totale plus faibles que les aptères. La comparaison des performances des pucerons sous thermopériodes ou températures constantes, ou entre les générations en conditions identiques, a montré (1) que les conditions subies par l'embryon dans la mère conditionnent la survie et le développement; (2) que les limites des températures tolérables changent en fonction du type et de l'amplitude des fluctuations de température. A 22°C, des modifications de la photopériode, dans la gamme; 12D:12L à 8D:16L, ont eu peu d'effet sur les performances des pucerons.
    Notes: Abstract The development time, survivorship and age-specific fecundity of apterous and alate virginoparae of the sowthistle aphid, Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae), reared on Sonchus oleraceus L., were measured under various temperature and light regimes. Within the temperature range of daily means of 12.5–24°C, speed of development and reproductive rate increased, while life span and total fecundity decreased, with an increase in temperature. The relationship between temperature and rate of development was nearly linear, with a notional development threshold estimated at about 2°C. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was positively correlated with temperature when calculated on a daily basis, but was inversely related to temperature when measured on a physiological time scale. Alatae generally had a longer development time, and achieved a lower reproductive rate and life-time fecundity, than apterae reared under identical conditions. Comparison of aphid performance under constant and alternating temperature regimes, and between successive generations under the same regime, showed that (1) the conditions experienced by the aphid as an embryo within its mother are important in determining survival and development and (2) tolerable temperature limits vary with the pattern and amplitude of the fluctuations of temperature. At 22°C, changes of photoperiod within the range of 12D:12L to 8D:16L had little effect on aphid performance.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In our study of the condition of larval cod (Gadus morhua) collected off southwest Nova Scotia in winter-spring, 1983, we (1) examined relationships between larval condition and ambient environmental conditions, and (2) compared the use of simple morphometric indices of larval condition and of multivariate statistics to obtain information relevant to larval condition. Twelve indices of relative condition were obtained, based upon seven measurements made on each larva, and a principal component (PC) analysis was performed on these condition indices. Most condition indices and the first PC were significantly correlated with numbers of nauplii and of zooplankters per m3 in the water column, which are direct measures of food available to the larvae, but not to less direct measures of environmental quality for the larvae, such as plankton displacement volume or chlorophyll concentration. Conventional indices based upon relations of dry weight or body height at the anus to length were most sensitive to environmental conditions. There was no apparent advantage in performing a multivariate analysis based upon a larger series of measurements.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This investigation describes five Mesozoic dolerite dikes which intrude Paleozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Inner Piedmont of western South Carolina. The dikes are vertical or nearly so and strike approximately N40° W. Three major northeast-trending faults also occur in the study area. Left lateral displacement of one dolerite is documented at a locality near Cleveland, South Carolina. Elsewhere, several of the dolerite dikes appear to terminate at or near the faults. — The dolerite dikes have subophitic to microporphyritic textures and consist principally of plagioclase (generally An70–80), olivine (dominantly Fo80–90) and augite with subordinate pigeonite, titanomagnetite, chromite and brown, partly glassy mesostasis. In one dike pyroxene compositions trend from augite to ferroaugite in contrast to an augite→subcalcic augite→pigeonite trend characteristic of the other dolerites. The contrasting trends primarily result from differences in SiO2 abundance in the dolerite magmas. — Major and trace element analyses indicate the presence of two different olivine-normative dolerite magma types. The two magma types are not related by near surface crystal fractionation. Models for genesis of the olivine-normative dolerite magmas by partial melting of a plagioclase peridotite upper mantle source region are presented. The models require that the source region be enriched in LREE and incompatible elements such as Rb, Ba, Hf and Th relative to Cl chondritic abundances. One magma type appears to represent a primary dolerite magma that ascended from the source region with little subsequent compositional change. The second magma type most likely experienced assimilation of clinopyroxene-garnet (eclogite) during ascent, thereby acquiring a REE pattern with a less steep negative slope for the LREE and a slight positive slope in the HREE.
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