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  • 1980-1984  (6)
  • 1984  (6)
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  • 1980-1984  (6)
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  • 1
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    Atmospheric effect on classification of finite fields (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The atmospheric effect on the upward radiance of sunlight scattered from the earth-atmosphere system is strongly influenced by the contrasts between fields and their sizes. In this paper, the radiances above finite fields are computed to simulate radiances measured by a satellite. A simulation case including 11 agricultural fields and four natural fields (water, soil, savanah, and forest) is used to test the effect of field size, background reflectance, and optical thickness of the atmosphere on the classification accuracy. For a given atmospheric turbidity, the atmospheric effect on classification of surface features may be much stronger for nonuniform surfaces than for uniform surfaces. Therefore, the classification accuracy of agricultural fields and urban areas is dependent not only on the optical characteristics of the atmosphere, but also on the size of the surface elements to be classified and their contrasts. It is concluded that new atmospheric correction methods, which take into account the finite size of the fields, are needed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 15; 95-118
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Reflectivity of the atmosphere-inhomogeneous surfaces system Laboratory simulation (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Theoretical two- and three-dimensional solutions of the radiative transfer equation have been applied to the earth-atmosphere system. Such solutions have not been verified experimentally. A laboratory experiment simulates such a system to test the theory. The atmosphere was simulated by latex spheres suspended in water and the ground by a nonuniform surface, half white and half black. A stable radiation source provided uniform illumination over the hydrosol. The upward radiance along a line orthogonal to the boundary of the two-halves field was recorded for different amounts of the hydrosol. The simulation is a well-defined radiative transfer experiment to test radiative transfer models involving nonuniform surfaces. Good agreement is obtained between the measured and theoretical results.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 41; 2595-260
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Satellite measurements of aerosol mass and transport (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The aerosol optical thickness over land is derived from satellite measurements of the radiance of scattered sunlight. These data are used to estimate the columnar mass density of particulate sulfur on a day with a large amount of sulfur. The horizontal transport of the particulate sulfur is calculated using wind vectors measured with rawins.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Atmospheric Environment (ISSN 0004-6981); 18; 12, 1
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Red and near-infrared sensor response to off-nadir viewing (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It has first been intended to employ the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) as a meteorological instrument to aid in detecting clouds and atmospheric temperature stratifications over large areas. However, more recently the satellite data have been used for monitoring large areas of vegetation with emphasis on the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) bands. The present investigation is concerned with the objective to model ranges in AVHRR VIS and NIR radiances and normalized differences expected under typical AVHRR viewing and illumination conditions. Atmospheric data sets reported by Dave (1978) and Dave and Braslau (1975) were used. It is shown that sensor response to atmospheric path length can be substantial for the AVHRR VIS and NIR channels and normalized difference (ND) values. However, errors can be minimized by high sun and clear atmosphere viewing.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 5; 145-160
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  • 5
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    Effects of atmosphere and view and illumination geometry on visible and near infrared radiance data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHR) (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The use of Dave's models to evaluate satellite off-nadir remote sensing of green vegetation cover types by simulating the visible and near-infrared advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) NOAA-6 and NOAA-7 radiances for three green-leaf biomass levels and bare soil. Ground measurements of surface reflectances were used. The simulations were done along a scan line at 30 deg latitude during the summer solstice, equinox, and winter solstice. The simulation models are described and the effect of atmosphere over moderately vegetated surfaces is discussed. The results show that sensor response to atmospheric path length can be substantial for the AVHRR visible and near-infrared channels and normalized difference values, but they can be minimized by high sun and clear atmospheric viewing. The results indicate that AVHRR data would be most useful for monitoring low green leaf biomas canopies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment; May 09, 1983 - May 13, 1983; Ann Arbor, MI
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  • 6
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    Satellite measurement of aerosol mass over land (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The estimation of aerosol optical thickness and mass from satellite observations over land is demonstrated using data from the GOES Visible/IR Spin-Scan Radiometer for the eastern U.S. The post-launch calibration technique is described; the algorithm used to derive optical thickness from the radiance of scattered sunlight (by means of a radiative-transfer model in which the optical characteristics of the aerosol are assumed) is presented; and data on aerosol S for July 31, 1980 are analyzed. The results are presented in a series of graphs and maps and compared with ground-based data. The errors in the optical thickness and columnar mass are estimated as 15 and 40 percent, respectively, and the need for independent-data-set validation of satellite-based mass, transport, and divergence values is indicated.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Conference on Satellite/Remote Sensing and Applications; Jun 25, 1984 - Jun 29, 1984; Clearwater Beach, FL
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