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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (59)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (28)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (87)
  • 1980-1984  (87)
  • 1984  (87)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of mammalian spermatozoa processed for flow cytometric DNA analyses (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 10 (1984), S. 339-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; flow cytometry ; DNA staining ; nuclear morphology ; ultrastructure ; mammals ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The morphological and ultrastructural changes that occur during preparation of porcine, bovine, and murine spermatozoa for flow cytometric quantification of the relative DNA content of the X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm populations were examined. Ejaculated spermatozoa from the boar and bull were washed using a series of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions prior to fixation, whereas the epididymal mouse spermatozoa were washed only in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Spermatozoa from all three species were then fixed in ethanol and processed for fluorochrome staining by a treatment regimen consisting of sulfhydryl reduction and proteolysis. The processed sperm nuclei were stained for DNA with the fluorochrome, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) before quantification by flow cytometry. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs of sperm heads taken at various steps of the preparation and staining procedures show 1) that the rigorous washing procedure disrupted the plasma and outer acrosomal membranes, 2) that ethanol fixation resulted in removal of the outer membranes and disintegration of the nuclear envelope, and 3) that thiol and proteolysis treatment removed the remaining cellular organelles including the tail and rapidly induced partial decondensation of the tightly packed chromatin. Sequential micrographs showed that the nuclear matrix of all three species increased in thickness about twofold during the preparation and staining. Consequently, the harsh procedures currently used for quantitative staining of DNA for high-resolution flow cytometric analyses destroy most cellular organelles and thereby prevent simultaneous characterization of DNA content and other sperm cell constituents.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120100402
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercellular bridges in ovaries of the newborn gerbil (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study describes intercellular bridges in the ovaries of neonatal gerbils. Electron microscopy has revealed the presence of true intercellular bridges, connecting oogonia or oocytes, in ovaries of newborn gerbils. The cytoplasm of the intercellular channels is similar to that of the connected cells, with mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes present. Lysosomes are also occasionally present in the intercellular bridges and they may be involved in early waves of oocyte atresia. An electrondense substance, 350-500 Å thick, is located immediately beneath the unit membrane of the intercellular bridges. Accumulation of electron-dense material increases the thickness of the walls of the intercellular bridges, supporting and maintaining the patency of the channels. It is suggested that the intercellular channels probably allow the interchange of nutrients, organelles, and possibly regulatory materials as well.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of spindle concentrations in large and small muscles acting in parallel combinations (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A small short muscle frequently acts across a joint in parallel with a vastly larger and longer muscle; therefore it should play a minimal role in the mechanical control of that joint. This study provides evidence suggesting that the small member of such a “parallel muscle combination” (PMC) may serve an important sensory feedback role. The spindle densities of large and small members of PMCs in man and the dog were determined and compared. Epaxial PMCs controlling canine intervertebral joints were dissected and tissue samples were embedded in paraffin, sectioned transversely to the muscles' long axis and, stained with hematoxylin-periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Representative tissue sections were projected on to stereological grids and the percentage volume of spindles was determined. Data existing in the literature were used to ascertain spindle densities in human PMCs controlling joints in the cervico-occipital region and the extremities. The spindle density for each muscle in a group of PMCs controlling a particular motion was listed, and the mean spindle densities were determined for both the large and the small members of the group. Student's unpaired t test was used to determine the significance of the differences between mean spindle densities. Linear regression was calculated and the data were plotted graphically.In all PMCs examined, the spindle density of the small muscles was significantly higher than that of their large counterparts. It is therefore proposed that the small muscles of PMCs may function as “kinesiological monitors” generating important proprioceptive feedback to the central nervous system.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on prenatal and postnatal development in rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 5 (1984), S. 101-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: 60-Hz electric fields ; rats ; behavior ; teratology ; growth ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A series of three experiments was performed to determine the effects of 30-day exposures to uniform 60-Hz electric fields (100 kV/m) on reproduction and on growth and development in the fetuses and offspring of rats. In the first experiment, exposure of females for 6 days prior to and during the mating period did not affect their reproductive performance, and continued exposure through 20 days of gestation (dg) did not affect the viability, size, or morphology of their fetuses. In the second experiment, exposure of the pregnant rat was begun on 0 dg and continued until the resulting offspring reached 8 days of age. In the third experiment, exposure began at 17 dg and continued through 25 days of postnatal life. In the second and third experiments, no statistically significant differences suggesting impairment of the growth or survival of exposed offspring were detected. In the second experiment, a significantly greater percentage of the exposed offspring showed movement, standing, and grooming at 14 days of age than among-sham-exposed offspring. There was a significant decrease at 14 days in the percentage of exposed offspring displaying the righting reflex in the second experiment and negative geotropism in the third experiment. These differences were all transient and were not found when the animals were tested again at 21 days of age. Evaluation of the reproductive integrity of the offspring of the second experiment did not disclose any deficits.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250050111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Physicochemical Investigation of Nickel (II). Complexes with salicylaldehyde S-methylthiosemicarbazone (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 512 (1984), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Darstellung und physikochemische Untersuchung der Nickel (II)-Komplexe mit Salizylaldehyd-S-methylthiosemicarbazonSalizylaldehyd-S-methylthiosemicarbazon (H2L) bildet mit NiII in Gegenwart von NO3- und ClO4- paramagenetische bis-Ligand-Chelat-Komplexe und in Gegenwart von NCS-, CH3COO-, Py und γ-Picolin diamagnetische, quadratisch-planare mono-Ligand-Chelat-Komplexe. In den paramagnetischen Komplexen wird H2L als neutrale Molekel und auch als Monoanion (HL-) koordiniert, in diamagnetischen Komplexen ausschließlich als Monoanion, mit Ausnahme des Komplexes in Gegenwart von CH3COO-, wo sich Salizylaldehyd-S-methylthiose micarbazon als Dianion (L2-) koordiniert. Letztere Liganden entstehen infolge der Deprotonierung der NH2- neben der OH-Gruppe. Die Komplexe wurden durch Elementaranalyse, magnetische Messungen, IR, Elektronenspektren, molare Leitfähigkeit und TG-Analysen charakterisiert.
    Notes: Salicylaldehyde S-methylthiosemicarbazone (H2L) in the presence of ClO4- forms with NiII the paramagnetic octahedral bis(ligand) chelate complexes while in the presence of NCS-, CH3COO-, Py and γ-Pic it gives diamagnetic square planar mono(ligand) chelate complexes. In the paramagnetic complexes H2L is coordinated as a neutral molecule (H2L) and monoanion (HL-), and in diamagnetic ones only as a monoanion, except the complex obtained in the presence of CH3COO-, where it is coordinated as a dianion (L2-). The last form of the ligand is the result of deprotonation, besides OH-, the NH2-group. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic measurements, i.r. and diffuse-reflection spectra, molar conductivity and TG analysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845120522
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of biological tissue sections for correlative ion, electron, and light microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 299-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Ion microscopy ; Correlative microscopy ; Electron probe microanalysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In order to correctly interpret the chemical images obtained using ion microscopy (IM), it is useful to correlate them with the information provided by conventional light microscopy (LM), secondary electron imaging (SEI), backscattered electron imaging (BEI), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Accordingly, we have devised a technique of specimen preparation which allows for the application of several different microanalytical techniques to a single histologic section mounted on the same substrate. Sections are cut onto polyester plastic coverslips (devoid of peaks for any element with atomic number 〉 9 using EPMA) and studied by LM. After a light rotary coating with carbon (to prevent charging), the section can then be examined by SEI, BEI, and EPMA. Specific areas can be marked for IM study either with an objective-mounted pin tissue microlocater, or by placing small pieces of metal foil, cut in specific geometric shapes, over features of interest. After sputter-coating the sample with platinum, metal-free shadows are visible using a low-power reflected light microscope available on a typical IM sample chamber as a guide for ion beam placement. The conductive coatings also minimize specimen charging during IM. Post-IM light microscopy, SEI, and BEI are used to confirm the location of specific areas probed in the IM experiments and to provide information on differential ion-sputtering artifacts and tissue contaminants. This new correlative technique should permit better understanding of the images obtained with these diverse instruments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010309
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid-catalyzed Cyclization of the Ene-Product Derived from α-Pinene and PTAD (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1977-1979 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Säurekatalysierte Cyclisierung des En-Produkts aus α-Pinen und PTADAluminiumchlorid-katalysierte Reaktion des En-Produkts 2 aus 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5-dion (PTAD) und α-Pinen (1), des 1-(6,6-Dimelthyl-2-methylenbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-yl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidin-3,5-dions, ergab 3,8,8-Trimelthyl-N-phenyl-4,5-diazatricyclo[4.2.1.03,7]nonan-4,5-dicarboxamid (6) in 78% Ausbeute. Auch Bortrifluorid-etherat, trockener Chlorwasserstoff und p-Toluolsulfonsäure katalysieren die Cyclisierung von 2 zu 6, aber nicht in diesem Maße. Der Mechanismus der Cyclisierung wird über eine Gerüstumlagerung der Carbenium-Ionen-Zwischenstufen gedeutet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19841170527
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syntheses of Metal Carbonyls, XVI1). Metal-Metal Multiple Bonds: Synthesis, Crystal and Molecular Structure of Tri-μ-carbonyl-bis[(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)manganese](Mn ≡ Mn) - The First Manganese-Manganese Triple Bond (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 434-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metallcarbonyl-Synthesen, XVI1). Metall-Metall-Mehrfachbindungen: Synthese, Molekül- und Kristallstruktur von Tri-μ-carbonylbis([η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)mangan](Mn ≡ Mn) - die erste Mangan-Mangan-DreifachbindungPhotolyse des Halbsandwich-Mangan-Komplexes (η5-C5Me5)Mn(CO)3 (1) in Tetrahydrofuran (THF) führt ohne Nebenreaktionen zum Solvenskomplex (η5-C5Me5)Mn(CO)2(THF) (2). Dieser ist im festen Zustand im deutlich unter 0°C liegenden Temperaturbereich haltbar, erleidet aber spontane CO-Eliminierung bei Raumtemperatur; dabei bildet sich der neue Zweikernkomplex (η5-C5Me5)2Mn2(μ-CO)3 (3). Während Elementaranalyse, Infrarot- und Massenspektren sowie die 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektren dieser Verbindung eine hochsymmetrische dreifach Carbonylverbrückte Struktur zuweisen, stützt eine Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse das Vorliegen der ersten bisher bekannten Mangan-Mangan-Dreifachbindung (dMn - Mn 217.0(1) pm). Eine verbesserte Darstellung von Tricarbonyl(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)mangan (1) wird beschrieben.
    Notes: Photolysis of the manganese half-sandwich complex (η5-C5Me5)Mn(CO)3 (1) in tetrahydrofuran (thf) cleanly yields the solvent complex (η5-C5Me5)Mn(CO)2(thf) (2). Compound 2 is stable as solid at temperatures well below 0°C but undergoes spontaneous elimination of carbon monoxide at ambient temperature with concomitant formation of the novel dinuclear complex (η5-C5Me5)2-Mn2(μ-CO)3 (3). While elemental analysis, infrared and mass spectroscopy as well as the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra unequivocally demonstrate this compound to adopt a highly symmetrical triply carbonyl-bridged structure, a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study supports the presence of the first triple bond between manganese atoms (dMn - Mn 217.0(1) pm). An improved synthesis of tricarbonyl(η5-pentamethylclopentadienyl)manganese (1) is also described.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19841170203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Architectural and histochemical analysis of the semitendinousus muscle in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The architectural and histochemical properties of the anatomically distinct compartments of the semitendinosus muscle (ST) of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits show that the ST is composed of two separate compartments aligned in series - a destal compartment (STd) and a proximal one (STp). The STp is further subdivided into a ventral head (STpv) and a dorsal head (STpd). The muscle fibers were arranged in parallel to the line of muscle pull within each compartment. The STd has the longest and the STpv the shortest fibers in all species. The physiological cross-sectional area and the estimated tetanic tension was greatest in the STd. Based on the staining pattern for myosin ATPase (alkaline preincubation) and an oxidative indicator (NADH or SDH), the STpv has the highest percentage of slow-oxidative (SO) or SO plus fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibers of any portion of the muscle. The differences in fiber-type distributions and architectural designs of the separate compartments suggest a specialization of function of the individual compartments.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom gland and reservoir (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 69-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Hymenopteran venom glands are epidermal glands that have evolved from female accessory reproductive glands. In the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., the venom gland shows many of the fine structural features of primitive glands. A honey bee venom gland is a simple, long, thin, distally bifurcated structure, opening into an ovoid reservoir. Along most of the length of the gland are similar secretory units that have four major components (secretory cells, duct cells, ducts, and end apparatuses), except in the part of the gland proximal to the venom reservoir, where the secretory units resemble those around the venom reservoir. In the latter secretory units a funnel structure occurs between the duct (which is shorter than that of the secretory units of the gland) and the end apparatus. This funnel may be important in protecting the secretory cells around the reservoir from the cytolytic activity of the complex chemical mixture constituting the venom.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810107
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