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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pigment cell differentiation in the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. I. Structural, chemical, and physical aspects of the adult pigment pattern (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 179 (1984), S. 229-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Wild-collected adults of Bombina orientalis are bright green dorsally and red to red-orange ventrally. As a prelude to an analysis of the differentiation of pigment cells in developing B. orientalis, we describe structural and chemical aspects of the fully differentiated pigment pattern of the “normal” adult.Structurally, differences between dorsal green and ventral red skin are summarized as follows: (1) Dorsal green skin contains a “typical” dermal chromatophore unit comprised of melanophores, iridophores, and xanthophores. Red skin contains predominantly carotenoid-containing xanthophores (erythrophores), and skin from black spot areas contains only melanophores. (2) In ventral red skin, there is also a thin layer of deep-lying iridophores that presumably are not involved in the observed color pattern. (3) Xanthophores of red and green skin are morphologically distinguishable from each other. Dorsal skin xanthophores contain both pterinosomes and carotenoid vesicles; ventral skin xanthophores contain only carotenoid vesicles. Carotenoid vesicles in dorsal xanthophores are much larger but less electron dense than comparable structures in ventral xanthophores.The presence of carotenes in ventral skin accounts for the bright red-orange color of the belly of this frog. Similar pigments are also present in green skin, but in smaller quantities and in conjunction with both colored (yellow) and colorless pteridines. From spectral data obtained for xanthophore pigments and structural data obtained from the size and arrangement of reflecting platelets in the iridophore layer, we attempt to explain the phenomenon of observed green color in B. orientalis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051790303
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular reporoduction and extracellular polymer formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in continuous culture (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1409-1417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of cellular reproduction and the rate and extent of synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were investigated for P. aeruginosa growing in glucose-limited chemostats. μmax and Ks estimates of 0.4 h-1 and 2 mg glucose C/L, respectively, at 25°C were obtained for this bacterium. The extent of EPS formation was inversely related to the growth rate of P. aeruginosa. The rate of EPS formation had both growth- and non-growth-associated components. The growth-associated polymer formation rate coefficient (k) was 0.3 mg polymer C/mg cellular C and the non-growth-associated polymer formation rate coefficient (k′) was 0.04 mg polymer C/mg cellular C/h. The values for k and k′ must be regarded as provisional since the product formation data were quite variable at low dilution rates. Estimates of the cellular (Yx/s) and polymer (Yp/s) yield coefficients were 0.3 mg cellular C/mg glucose C and 0.6 mg polymer C/mg glucose C, respectively. Most of the non-growth-associated consumption of glucose detected was due to exopolymer formation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260261203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms: Steady state (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1418-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerobic glucose metabolism by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in steady-state biofilms at various substrate loading rates and reactor dilution rates was investigated. Variables monitored were substrate (glucose), biofilm cellular density, biofilm extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) density, and suspended cellular and EPS concentrations. A mathematical model developed to describe the system was compared to experimental data. Intrinsic yield and rate coefficients included in the model were obtained from suspended continuous culture studies of glucose metabolism by P. aeruginosa. Experimental data compared well with the mathematical model, suggesting that P. aeruginosa does not behave differently in steady-state biofilm cultures, where diffusional resistance is negligible, than in suspended cultures. This implies that kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients for P. aeruginosa derived in suspended continuous culture can be used to describe steady-state biofilm processes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260261204
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial oxidation of dibenzothiophene by the thermophilic organism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 687-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The refractory organic sulfur compound dibenzothiophene (DBT) has been oxidized by the thermophilic, sulfur oxidizing organism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Sulfate ions were released into the medium as the oxidation product. The kinetics of this oxidation have been investigated on the basis of sulfate released as a result of oxidation. Dibenzothiophene was found to be inhibitory to the organisms for initial concentrations over 500 mg/L. The organism may prove to be capable of oxidizing thiophene compounds present in oil refinery wastewater, coal, and crude oil.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260709
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Germacranolide, Heliangolide und Elemanolide aus Cronquistianthus chachapoyensis (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 240-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Germacranolides, Heliangolides, and Elemanolides from Cronquistianthus chachapoyensisThe aerial parts of Cronquistianthus chachapoyensis afforded in addition to some known compounds eight new sesquiterpenelactons, the germacranolide acids 1 and 2 and the closely related elemanolides 5 and 6, the germacranolides 7 and 9 as well as the heliangolides 13 and 15 which only could be isolated as their acetates (8, 10, 14, and 16). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and some chemical transformations.
    Notes: Die oberirdischen Teile von Cronquistiathus chachapoyensis ergeben neben einigen bekannten Verbindungen acht neue Sesquiterpenlactone, die Germacranolidsäuren 1 und 2 und die nahe verwandten Elemanolide 5 und 6, die Germacranolide 7 und 9 sowie die Heliangolide 13 und 15, die nur als Acetate isoliert werden konnten (8, 10, 14 und 16). Die Strukturen werden durch spektroskopische Methoden und einige chemische Umwandlungen erklärt.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the surface of sputter ion plated films (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 6 (1984), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of a reactively sputter ion plated titanium nitride film showed the surface to be oxidised to TiO2, with a sub-layer of oxynitride. Argon ion etching gave a depth profile of the film, but it preferentially sputtered titanium nitride, and caused mixing of TiO2 and TiN phases to form titanium oxynitrides. Titanium oxynitride was also produced by nitrogen ion implantation into titanium metal with a surface layer of titanium dioxide.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740060603
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Sesquiterpenlactone und Rosan-Derivate aus Trichogonia-Arten (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 162-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Sesquiterpene lactones and Rosane Derrivatives from Trichogonia SpeciesThe investigation of five Trichoginia species afforded in addition to known compounds 22 sesquiterpene lactones, five guaianolides (13-15, 17, and 18), four heliangolides (19 and 21-23), five bejaranolides (30-34), two trichogoniolides (37 and 38), two epimeric trichosalviolides (42 and 43), two atripliciolides (27 and 28), a germacranolide (45), and a modified isotrichogoniolide (41). Furthermore eleven diterpenes, ten being rosane derivatives (46-54 and 57) and one a pimarene alcohol (60), as well as two aromatic compounds (6 and 10), related to p-hydroxyacetophenone, were isolated. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and a few chemical transformations. The biogenetic relationships are discussed.
    Notes: Die Untersuchungen von fünf Trichogonia-Arten ergaben zusätzlich zu bekannten Verbindungen 22 Sequiterpenlactone, fünf Guajanolide (13-15, 17 und 18), vier Heliangolide (19 und 21-23), fünf Bejaranolide (30-34), zwei Trichogoniolide (37 und 38), zwei epimere Trichosalviolide (42 und 43), zwei Atripliciolide (27 und 28), ein Germacranolid (45) und ein modifiziertes Isotrichogoniolid (41). Außerdem wurden elf Diterpene, zehn Rosan-Derivate (46-54) und 57) und ein Pimarenalkohol (60) sowie zwei aromatische Verbindungen (6 und 10), die sich von p-Hydroxyacetophenon ableiten, isoliert. Die Strukturen wurden durch spektroskopische Methoden und einige chemische Umwandlungen geklärt. Die biogenetischen Beziehungen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840117
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Spirosesquiterpenlactone, Germacranolide und Eudesmanolide aus Wunderlichia mirabilis (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 228-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Spirosesquiterpenelactones, Germacranolides, and Eudesmanolides from Wunderlichia mirabilisA reinvestigation of the aerial parts of Wunderlichia mirabilis afforded in addition to known compounds ten sesquiterpenelactones, three cis-12,6-germacranolides (7-9), three eudesmanolides (11, 13 and 14), an elemanolide (12) which may be an artifact, and three rearranged eudesmanolides, the spiro compounds 17-19 as well as ylangenyl acetate (1). The structures were elucidated by high-field 1H NMR spectroscopy and some chemical transformations. The stereochemistry of wunderolide (10) and of two onoseriolide (24 and 25) derivatives, which were isolated previously, are corrected.
    Notes: Eine erneute Untersuchung der oberirdischen Teile ovn Wunderlichia mirabilis ergibt zusätzlich zu bekannten Verbindungen zehn Sesquiterpenlactone, drei cis-12,6-Germacranolide (7-9), drei Eudesmanolide (11, 13 und 14), ein Elemanolid (12), das ein Artefact sein könnte, und drei umgelagerte Eudesmanolide, die Spiroverbindungen 17-19 sowie Ylangenylacetat (1). Die Strukturen werden durch Hochfeld-1H-NMR-Spektroskopie und einige chemische Umwandlungen geklärt. Die Stereochemie von Wunderolid (10) und von zwei Onoserioliden (24 und 25), die früher isoliert wurden, wird korrigiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heliangolide, Trachyloban- und Villanovan-Derivate aus Viguiera-Arten (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 495-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heliangolides, Trachylobane, and Villanovane Derivatives from Viguiera SpeciesFrom the aerial parts of Viguiera cordata in addition to budlein A (3) and isoatripliciolide (5) two further heliangolides (6 and 7) were isolated. The aerial parts of V. pazensis afforded in addition to known compounds three trachylobane derivatives (17-19) as well as a further villanovane derivative (22). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and some chemical transformations.
    Notes: Aus den oberirdischen Teilen von Viguiera cordata werden neben Budlein A (3) und Isoatripliciolid (5) zwei weitere Heliangolide (6 und 7) isoliert. Die oberirdischen Teile von V. pazensis liefern neben bekannten Verbindungen drei Trachyloban-Derivate (17-19) sowie ein weiteres Villanovan-Derivat (22). Die Strukturen werden durch spektroskopische Methoden und einige chemische Umwandlungen geklärt.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840309
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pseudoguajanolide und andere Sesquiterpene aus Monactis macbridei (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 503-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pseudoguaianolides and Other Sesquiterpenes from Monactis macbrideiThe aerial parts of Monactis macbridei afforded in addition to known compounds the seven pseudoguaianolides 3 and 5-10 as well as the secocaryophyllene derivative 18. The structures of the sesquiterpene lactones followed from spectroscopic data. The configurations were determined by NOE difference spectroscopy and by partial sodium tetrahydroborate reduction. In addition to 1,4-additions removal of an allylic acetoxy group was observed. The structure of 18 also followed from the spectroscopic data and was established by partial synthesis of the corresponding aldehyde 19.
    Notes: Die oberirdischen Teile von Monactis macbridei ergeben zusätzlich zu bekannten Verbindungen die sieben Pseudoguajanolide 3 und 5-10 sowie das Secocaryophyllen-Derivat 18. Die Strukturen der Sesquiterpenlactone folgen aus den spektroskopischen Daten. Die Konfigurationen werden durch NOE-Differenzspektroskopie sowie durch partielle Natriumboranat-Reduktion bestimmt. Neben 1,4-Additionen wird die Entfernung einer allylischen Acetoxygruppe beobachtet. Die Struktur von 18 folgt ebenfalls aus den spektroskopischen Daten, und sie wurde durch Partialsynthese des entsprechenden Aldehyds 19 gesichert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840310
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