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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (232)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (158)
  • Chemical Engineering  (75)
  • Physics  (55)
  • 1980-1984  (465)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1984  (465)
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  • 1980-1984  (465)
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Description: The detection of the J = 10 manifold of the pure rotational band of PH3 on Saturn is reported. The observations were made from the far-infrared cooled grating spectrometer. The wavelengths and observed brightness temperatures for the full disk plus rings are 89 + or - 3 K at 97.04 micrometer, 77 + or - 3 K at 102.72 micrometer, 77 + or - 3 K at 102.94 micrometer, and 83 + or - 3 K at 105.12 micrometers. The points of 97.04 and 105.12 micrometers establish the continuum level and the two points near 103 micrometers measure the depth of the PH3 manifold. After the flux due to the rings is subtracted, the depth of the feature is 16 + or - 6 K relative to the nearby 102 K continuum. These results are compared to theoretical models which parameterize the PH3 mixing ratio as x = x sub zero (P/P sub zero)(alpha) for P P sub zero and as x = x sub zero for P or = P, where P is the total pressure and alpha = H/h is the ratio of the dynamical scale height (H) and the scale height for decreasing the PH3 mixing ratio (h). The parameters x sub zero, P sub zero, and h were varied, as well as the H/He mixing ratio and the pressure-temperature profile. The data are well fitted using pressure-temperature profiles. The preferred values of h, P sub zero, and x sub zero imply that there is little or no PH3 above the thermal inversion and that the mixing ratio below the inversion is consistent with PH3 being 1 to 4 times overabundant relative to the solar P/H ratio.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Airborne Astron. Symp.; p 76-80
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The prime objective of this experiment is to obtain chemical analyses of a statistically significant number of micrometeoroids. These data will then be compared with the chemical composition of meteorites. Secondary objectives of the experiment relate to density, shape, mass frequency, and absolute flux of micrometeorids as deduced from detailed crater geometrics (depth) diameter, and plane shape, and number of total events observed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 127-130
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is pointed out that Titan, which is the second largest satellite in the solar system, is considerably larger than Mercury. It is made unique by its dense atmosphere, which consists mainly of nitrogen, although a substantial component of methane is present. The basic properties of Titan are summarized in a table. Many of the data were obtained during the close pass of Voyager 1 in November 1980. The atmospheric temperature decreases from its surface value of 94 K at a pressure of 1500 mbar to a minimum of 71 K at a height of 42 km and a pressure of 128 mbar. Details of atmospheric composition and thermal structure are discussed, taking into account chemical identifications and abundances, the vertical temperature structure, the horizontal temperature and opacity structure, and the radiative equilibrium. The upper atmosphere composition and temperature is considered along with the properties of aerosols, and meteorology and atmospheric dynamics. Titan's interior has an average density of 1.88 g per cu cm. Attention is given to Titan's surface and interior, and its formation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Human fibrinogen was treated with thrombin in the presence of fibrinoligase (Factor XIIIa) and calcium ion at pH 8.5, ionic strength 0.45, and the ensuing polymerization was interrupted at various time intervals (t) both before and after the clotting time (tc) by solubilization with a solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea. Aliquots of the solubilized protein were subjected to gel electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels after disulfide reduction by dithiothreitol and on agarose gels without reduction. The degree of γ-γ ligation was determined from the former. The latter provided the size distribution of ligated end-to-end sequences produced by splitting the ligated staggered overlapped oligomers down the middle, for degrees of polymerization, x, from 1 to 10. Addition of fibrinoligase (in which the activating thrombin had been inhibited by p-nitrophenyl-p′-guanidinobenzoate, NPGB) to Kabi fibrinogen showed the presence of small amounts of ligatable oligomers. Addition of fibrinoligase to a polymerizing mixture in which the action of thrombin had been stopped before clotting by NPGB produced the same distribution of ligated end-to-end sequences that was obtained when fibrinoligase was originally present, at least for reaction times up to 0.7 of the clotting time. The kinetics of γ-γ ligation by fibrinoligase acting on a polymerized mixture stabilized by NPGB were followed. The reaction was first order in the concentration of ligatable γ-γ junctions and the initial velocity was proportional to the enzyme concentration. The time evolution of size distribution of ligated end-to-end sequences agreed with a theory based on random ligation of ligatable junctions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2067-2081 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Resonance Raman spectra of the nucleoside 5′-monophosphates UMP, CMP, AMP, and GMP have been obtained with 266- and 213-nm radiation, the fourth and fifth harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser. The 266-nm radiation is resonant with the states giving rise to the first absorption band of the bases. The resulting spectra are in agreement with those reported previously using similar wavelength excitation but are generally of better quality. The 213-nm radiation is resonant with those states giving rise to the second strong absorption band of the bases. The spectra obtained with this wavelength show several new features relative to the 266-nm spectra, including strong enhancement of modes of the pyrimidines with a character similar to the e2g ν8 mode of benzene, relative enhancement of ring modes at 1580 and 729 cm-1 in AMP, and strong enhancement of the 1670-cm-1 C = O mode of GMP. These enhancements are discussed in terms of previously reported preresonance behavior and predicted intensities based on CNDO bond-order changes and normal-mode calculations. The results of a preliminary study of the effect of the interaction of GMP with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) on the 213-nm resonance Raman spectrum is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2157-2172 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of organic solvents on the 31P-mr chemical shifts of various phosphate diesters have been investigated in water and mixed-organic solvent systems. The addition of organic solvents to cyclic phosphates and to diethyl phosphate causes large upfield shifts of the phosphorus resonance which are attributed to solvent-induced changes in the local hydration of the phosphodiester group. This is consistent with the fact that there is an inverse correlation between the hydrogen-bond-donating ability of the solvents and the magnitude of the shifts they induce. Other possible interpretations, such as solvent-induced ion pairing and solvent-induced conformational changes, appear to be eliminated. Fourier-transform ir study of the cyclic nucletides reveals that there are also large solvent-induced shifts in the frequency of the antisymmetric OPO stretching frequency, and a comparison of the two types of measurements indicates that there is a linear correlation between shifts observed in the ir and in the 31P-nmr spectra. With UpU, the solvent-induced 31P-nmr shifts are ∼3 times smaller than those observed with the cyclic phosphates and the solvent-induced shift of the OPO band is reduced (factor of ∼1.7) as compared with the cyclic phosphates. With the single-stranded polynuclotides, poly(C) and poly(U), the solvent-induced shifts in both the nmr and ir are quite small (∼0.1 ppm and ∼1 cm-1). The very small solvent effects observed with poly(U) and poly(C) are attributed to a combination of steric effects and a polyelectrolyte effect which maintains a high density of counterions with waters of hydration in the vicinity of the charged backbone and makes the phosphates much less susceptible to solvent-induced changes in hydration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Secondary and tertiary hindered amines of the piperidyl type and many other piperidyl compounds can protect various polymers against oxidations initiated by light, heat and ionizing radiation. These amines stabilize by being converted to a series of products which can scavenge with high stoichiometry the main radicals responsible for the oxidative chain. This high stoichiometry results from the cyclical regeneration of the scavenging piperidyl species. The efficiency of the hindered amines as antioxidants in polyolefins is enhanced by their ability to associate with the unstable oxidized domains in which photo- and thermal oxidations will eventually reinitiate. Secondary amines can also slowly decompose intramolecularly hydrogen bonded hydroperoxide groups of the type found in polypropylene. This process may destroy the unstable oxidation product before the hydroperoxide can re-initiate oxidation and also generates another powerful antioxidant, a hydroxylamine. Despite the cyclical regeneration of active piperidyl radical scavengers, side reactions can produce non-scavenging products or even photo-initiators which will progressively accumulate and strangle the antioxidant activities.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 311-318 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) have been used to study the crosslinked epoxy system tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane cured with diaminodiphenyl sulfone. Samples cured at various temperatures were soaked in distilled water for extended periods or irradiated with 0.5 Me V electrons and 60Co gamma. DSC results show that the standard-cured (137°C for 2 h and 160°C for 5 h) dry samples have a Tg around 190°C and a large exothermic reaction at about 260°C. The latter is attributed to further reaction of curing agent with the epoxide rings. The exothermic energy is about 124 cal/g for an uncured specimen, 42 cal/g for standard cured specimen, and 20 cal/g for soaked samples containing 4% H2O. The exothermic energy is shown to decrease monotonically with the ionizing radiation dosage. IR results show a reduction in the intensity of the epoxide band as the exothermic energy is decreased.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 679-682 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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