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  • Chemistry  (469)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (198)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (160)
  • 1980-1984  (827)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1984  (827)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonance Raman spectra of mononucleotides obtained with 266 and 213 nm ultraviolet radiation (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2067-2081 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Resonance Raman spectra of the nucleoside 5′-monophosphates UMP, CMP, AMP, and GMP have been obtained with 266- and 213-nm radiation, the fourth and fifth harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser. The 266-nm radiation is resonant with the states giving rise to the first absorption band of the bases. The resulting spectra are in agreement with those reported previously using similar wavelength excitation but are generally of better quality. The 213-nm radiation is resonant with those states giving rise to the second strong absorption band of the bases. The spectra obtained with this wavelength show several new features relative to the 266-nm spectra, including strong enhancement of modes of the pyrimidines with a character similar to the e2g ν8 mode of benzene, relative enhancement of ring modes at 1580 and 729 cm-1 in AMP, and strong enhancement of the 1670-cm-1 C = O mode of GMP. These enhancements are discussed in terms of previously reported preresonance behavior and predicted intensities based on CNDO bond-order changes and normal-mode calculations. The results of a preliminary study of the effect of the interaction of GMP with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) on the 213-nm resonance Raman spectrum is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231017
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvation effects on the 31P-nmr chemical shifts and infrared spectra of phosphate diesters (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2157-2172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of organic solvents on the 31P-mr chemical shifts of various phosphate diesters have been investigated in water and mixed-organic solvent systems. The addition of organic solvents to cyclic phosphates and to diethyl phosphate causes large upfield shifts of the phosphorus resonance which are attributed to solvent-induced changes in the local hydration of the phosphodiester group. This is consistent with the fact that there is an inverse correlation between the hydrogen-bond-donating ability of the solvents and the magnitude of the shifts they induce. Other possible interpretations, such as solvent-induced ion pairing and solvent-induced conformational changes, appear to be eliminated. Fourier-transform ir study of the cyclic nucletides reveals that there are also large solvent-induced shifts in the frequency of the antisymmetric OPO stretching frequency, and a comparison of the two types of measurements indicates that there is a linear correlation between shifts observed in the ir and in the 31P-nmr spectra. With UpU, the solvent-induced 31P-nmr shifts are ∼3 times smaller than those observed with the cyclic phosphates and the solvent-induced shift of the OPO band is reduced (factor of ∼1.7) as compared with the cyclic phosphates. With the single-stranded polynuclotides, poly(C) and poly(U), the solvent-induced shifts in both the nmr and ir are quite small (∼0.1 ppm and ∼1 cm-1). The very small solvent effects observed with poly(U) and poly(C) are attributed to a combination of steric effects and a polyelectrolyte effect which maintains a high density of counterions with waters of hydration in the vicinity of the charged backbone and makes the phosphates much less susceptible to solvent-induced changes in hydration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231105
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between Functional Groups. Part I. Crystal Structure of 2-Phenylethynyl-N,N-dimthlaniline at 98 K: A Remarkably Short C—H … C Distance (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 67 (1984), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the crystal structure of the title compound at 98 K the dimethylamino group has pyramidal geometry. The nitrogenlone pair is not directed towards the triple bond; instead, one N—CH3 bond lies almost in the plane of the disubstituted ring, directed away from the triple bond, while the other N—CH3 bond and the lone pair are directed to opposite sides of the plane, nearer to the acetylene. There is a remarkably short intramolecular contact (2.39 Å) between a methyl H- and an acetylenic C-atom. The Taft σI parameter of the arylethynyl substituent appears to be similar to that of a carboxylic ester, judging from the bond-angle deformation at the ipso-C-atom.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19840670106
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between Functional Groups. Part II. Structure of the 2-Dimethylaminobenzenediazonium Cation: Retention of Planarity Despite Excessive Steric Crowding (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 67 (1984), S. 1374-1378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of 2-dimethylaminobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate has been determined at 183 K by X-ray diffraction. The cation is very nearly planar, the strong steric interaction between the ortho-groups being diminished by in-plane angular distoritions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19840670524
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macromolecular conformation studies by variable temperature 13C and 29SI-NMR magic angle spinning (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 7 (1984), S. 63-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1984.020071984105
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antioxidant mechanisms of hindered amine light stabilizersHindered amine light stabilizers are frequently referred to simply as HALS.Issued as NRCC # 23446. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 8 (1984), S. 79-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Secondary and tertiary hindered amines of the piperidyl type and many other piperidyl compounds can protect various polymers against oxidations initiated by light, heat and ionizing radiation. These amines stabilize by being converted to a series of products which can scavenge with high stoichiometry the main radicals responsible for the oxidative chain. This high stoichiometry results from the cyclical regeneration of the scavenging piperidyl species. The efficiency of the hindered amines as antioxidants in polyolefins is enhanced by their ability to associate with the unstable oxidized domains in which photo- and thermal oxidations will eventually reinitiate. Secondary amines can also slowly decompose intramolecularly hydrogen bonded hydroperoxide groups of the type found in polypropylene. This process may destroy the unstable oxidation product before the hydroperoxide can re-initiate oxidation and also generates another powerful antioxidant, a hydroxylamine. Despite the cyclical regeneration of active piperidyl radical scavengers, side reactions can produce non-scavenging products or even photo-initiators which will progressively accumulate and strangle the antioxidant activities.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1984.020081984107
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations of water and high energy radiation interactions in an epoxy (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 311-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) have been used to study the crosslinked epoxy system tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane cured with diaminodiphenyl sulfone. Samples cured at various temperatures were soaked in distilled water for extended periods or irradiated with 0.5 Me V electrons and 60Co gamma. DSC results show that the standard-cured (137°C for 2 h and 160°C for 5 h) dry samples have a Tg around 190°C and a large exothermic reaction at about 260°C. The latter is attributed to further reaction of curing agent with the epoxide rings. The exothermic energy is about 124 cal/g for an uncured specimen, 42 cal/g for standard cured specimen, and 20 cal/g for soaked samples containing 4% H2O. The exothermic energy is shown to decrease monotonically with the ionizing radiation dosage. IR results show a reduction in the intensity of the epoxide band as the exothermic energy is decreased.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290129
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics and physiology of stipitatic acid and gluconate production by carbon sufficient cultures of Penicillium stipitatum growing in continuous culture (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1455-1464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The yield from glucose of ammonia-grown carbon-limited continuous cultures of Penicillium stipitatum was ca. 20% higher than that of nitrate-grown cultures at all growth rates examined. However, the yield from oxygen was similar during growth on both nitrogen sources. Under phosphate limitation the specific rate of gluconic acid and stipitatic acid production increased with growth rate, but the former product accounted for virtually 100% of the excreted carbon. Stipitatic acid was not produced under nitrogen limitation, and glucose supplied to the culture in excess of that required for growth was virtually quantatively converted into gluconic acid. Productivities of 11.4 g gluconic acid/L/h were stably maintained in continuous culture. Under conditions of glucose excess the enzyme glucose oxidase was excreted into the culture. The specific activity of this extracellular enzyme increased when the input glucose concentration to the culture was progressively increased. The excretion of a protein under nitrogen limitation suggests that this enzyme plays an important role under these conditions. Indeed, it was demonstrated that nitrogen-limited cultures did not overmetabolize gluconate at either pH 6.5 or 3.5, although up to 29 g/L gluconate was present in the culture. The Ygluconate and YO2 of C- and N-limited gluconate-grown cultures were similar indicating that the rapid conversion of glucose to gluconate probably affords a means of regulating carbon flow in this organism. Nitrogen-limited cultures of P. stipitatum overmetabolized glucose to a much greater extent than acetate, fructose, or gluconate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260261210
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme immobilization in porous solid supports - penetration of immobilized enzyme (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1032-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The process of enzyme immobilization under the diffusion-controlled regime (i.e., fast attachment of enzyme compared to its diffusion) is modeled and theoretically solved in this article. Simple and compact solutions for the penetration depth of immobilized enzyme and the bulk enzyme concentration versus time are presented. Furthermore, the conditions for the validity of our solutions are also given in this article so that researchers can discover when the theoretical solutions can be applied to their systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260904
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An operational strategy for unstable recombinant DNA cultures (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 942-947 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple operational strategy is shown to offer a viable means of enhancing plasmid stability in chemostat systems where plasmid loss is a common problem. Feedback control can be used to stabilize coexistence states, which are naturally unstable in the system investigated, and thus gurantee retention of the plasmid-carrying strain. The strategy exploits the normally undesirable characteristics of substrate inhibited growth kinetics, and is illustrated with specific reference to methanolutilizing organisms. Since the methodology may be easily implemented in practice, it offers an alternative to costly environmental methods such as antibiotic addition.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260819
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