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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 14 (1984), S. 333-339 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of [NBu 4 n ]f AlI4] has been determined from counter data, and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space groupP21/n (an alternate setting ofP21/c-C 2h 5 , No. 14) witha=11.661(3),b=20.828(5),c=11.674(3) Å,β=98.39(2)°, andD calc=1.84 g cm−3 forZ=4. The finalR value for 1587 observed reflections is 0.051. The structure consists of discreet [NBu 4 n ]+and [AlI4]− ions. The [AlI4]− anion is approximately tetrahedral and exhibits an average Al-I bond length of 2.52(1) Å. The closest cation-anion, I⋯C, contact is ¯4 Å. The compound was isolated from the reaction of I2 with [NBu 4 n ][Al2Me6I].
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geometry 23 (1984), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1420-8997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Preorderings and orderings of affine Hjelmslev planes were defined in [3]. The ordering of an AH-plane is shown to induce an ordering on each coordinate biternary ring which is compatible with the multiplication of the associated algebra. Even stronger projective order relations, on both the planes and biternary rings, are introduced and are shown to be also compatible with the ternary operations.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Cylas formicarius elegantulus ; sweetpotato weevil ; sweet potato ; digestion ; enzyme distribution ; trypsin-inhibitors ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'activité endoprotéinase était limitée au liquide de la lumière des régions ventriculaires antérieure et postérieure de l'intestin moyen des larves deCylas formicarius elegantulus Summers. Les aminopeptidases ont été trouvées dans le liquide de la lumière (18%), mais étaient principalement associées avec les fractions insolubles des cellules du ventricule postérieur (82%). Suivant le substrat, l'activité carboxypeptidase était à peu près également répartie entre le liquide de la lumière et les fractions insolubles des cellules du ventricule postérieur. L'amylase, enzyme secrétée, a été observée à la fois dans la lumière antérieure et postérieure. Cinq bandes d'activité amylase ont été révélées sur zymogrammes d'amidon après électrophorèse d'intestins moyens entiers. Trois des bandes d'amylase pouvaient provenir de la plante. Il y avait au moins 2 α-glucosidases, une secrétée et une liée aux cellules du ventricule antérieur. L'activite β-glucosidase était liée aux cellules du ventricule antérieur, fandis que l'activité α-galactosidase était limitée au fluide de la lumière. Les activités β-galactosidase et cellulase ont été trouvées à la fois dans le liquide de la lumière et dans la fraction cellulaire insoluble. Ainsi, la digestion initiale des grosses protéines et des polymères de carbohydrates se produit dans le liquide de la lumière dans les régions ventriculaires antérieure et postérieure. Cependant, l'achèvement de la digestion des oligopeptides se produit principalement dans le ventricule postérieur, tandis que la fin de la digestion des oligosaccharides se produit dans le ventricule antérieur. Les concentrations en inhibiteurs de trypsine de 5 cultivars d'I. batatas L. diffèrent de 1 à 20. Les endoprotéinases deC. formicarius elegantulus ont été inhibées par des extraits de cultivars, mais les cultivars avec des concentrations relativement élevées d'inhibiteur avainent antérieurement montré être susceptibles d'être attaqués par le coléoptère dans des essais en champs.
    Notes: Abstract Endoproteinase activity was confined to luminal fluid from anterior and posterior ventricular regions of midguts of larvae of the sweetpotato weevil,Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers). Aminopeptidase was found in luminal fluid (18%) but was primarily associated with insoluble fractions from cells of the posterior ventriculus (82%). Depending on substrate, carboxypeptidase activity was about equally distributed between luminal fluid and insoluble fractions from posterior ventriculus cells. Amylase was found in luminal fluid in both the anterior and posterior ventriculus. Five bands of amylase activity were detected on starch zymograms following electrophoresis of whole midgut samples. Three of the amylase bands may be plant-derived. At least two α-glucosidases were present, one secreted and one bound to anterior ventriculus cells. β-Glucosidase activity was bound to anterior ventriculus cells whereas α-galactosidase activity was confined to luminal fluid. β-Galactosidase and cellulase activities were found in both luminal fluid and the insoluble cell fraction. Thus, initial digestion of large protein and carbohydrate polymers occurs in luminal fluid in both anterior and posterior ventriculus regions. However, terminal digestion of oligopeptides occurs primarily in the posterior ventriculus while terminal digestion of oligosaccharides occurs in the anterior ventriculus. A 20-fold difference in trypsin-inhibitor concentration was found among five sweetpotato cultivars. Endoproteinases from sweetpotato weevil larvae were inhibited by extracts from the cultivars but cultivars with relatively high concentrations of inhibitor were previously shown to be susceptible to weevil attack in field trials.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 34 (1984), S. 65-73 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Klimatische Unbestimmbarkeit bedeutet, daß große, zufällige Impulse die Atmosphäre dazu veranlassen können, zwischen quasistabilen Zuständen zu manövrieren. Es wird postuliert, daß eine Folge dieser Unbestimmbarkeit große Anomalien, wie z.B. der El Niño, sind. Eine Spektralanalyse mit feinem Auflösungsvermögen, angewandt auf die El Niño-Episoden zwischen 1872 und 1976 weist zahlreiche Perioden zwischen 2.3 und 37.1 Jahren auf. Die stärksten Umstellungszeitäume von 15 bis 25 Jahren, welche die Andauer gewisser quasistabiler Zustände mit Perioden von einer bis zu drei Dekaden andeuten, teilen die Zeit von 1872 bis 1976 in vier solche quasistabile Zustandszeiträume, zusätzlich zu zwei Endabschnitten. Es scheint, daß starke Zufallsimpulse den Wechsel zwischen quasistabilen Zuständen auslösen können. Diese Impulse könnten vulkanischen oder solaren Ursprungs sein. Ein Wechsel zwischen quasistabilen Zuständen kann in einer leichten Verschiebung der für El Niño charakteristischen Perioden führen. Solche Zuständsänderungen scheinen in den Jahren 1886, 1901, 1941 und 1964 aufgetreten zu sein. Die Vorhersage von El Niño-Episoden innerhalb eines gewissen, quasistabilen Zustandes scheint in einem Zeitraum von 3 bis 5 Jahren möglich zu sein.
    Notes: Summary Climatic nondeterminism implies that large random pulses are capable of causing the atmosphere to shift between quasistable states. One of the consequences of nondeterminism is postulated to be the existence of large-scale anomalies such as El Niño. A high resolution spectral analysis of El Niño occurrences from 1872 to 1976 reveals numerous periods between 2.3 and 37.1 years, with the strongest periods being at 13.9, 2.3, and 6.6 years, respectively. Switching times of 15–25 years, representing durations of particular quasistable states for periods of between one to three decades, divide the period 1872–1976 into four complete quasistable states, plus two end segments. It appears that large random pulses may serve as triggers to change atmospheric quasistable states, and may be either volcanic or solar in origin. A change in quasistable state may result in slight offset of periods previously important in El Niño occurrence. Switches between quasistable atmospheric states appear to have occurred in 1886, 1901, 1941, and 1964. Predictability of El Niño events within a particular quasistable state is potentially possible on a 3–5 year time scale.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aequationes mathematicae 27 (1984), S. 97-113 
    ISSN: 1420-8903
    Keywords: Primary 30D05, 39A10 ; Secondary 39D15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recently S. Shimomura has shown that the polynomial difference equationw(z + 1) =P(w(z)), whereP is a given polynomial of degree at least two, always has entire non-constant solutions. The present investigation shows how to construct all entire solutions of the equation and discusses some properties of the solutions.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geometry 23 (1984), S. 14-44 
    ISSN: 1420-8997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An affine Hjelmslev plane (AH-plane)H is preordered if it is endowed with a betweenness relation which is preserved by bijective parallel projections. Preordered biternary rings are defined and are used to construct preordered AH-planes. Conversely, a preordered AH-plane induces a preordering on any of its biternary rings. The concepts used in this paper are compared with those in a recent independent study of preordered affine Klingenberg planes by F. Machala. Unlike the Klingenberg case, preordered AH-planes always possess convex neighbour classes and unlike ordered ordinary affine planes, preordered AH-planes are never archimedian.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 85 (1984), S. 102-102 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (1984), S. 1799-1804 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Annealing studies of cold-rolled Ni3Al established that the recrystallization kinetics obey the Avrami equation and that the grain-growth kinetics obey the relation ¯d=Ct n where ¯d is the average grain size, t the time and C and n are parameters whose magnitude depends on temperature. Disorder is introduced during deformation but subsequently removed during recrystallization. Antiphase boundaries are found in some recrystallized grains but do not show any preference to lie on {100} planes, contrary to predictions based on Flinn's nearest-neighbour approximation model. Twins, dislocation networks an planar faults are also found in recrystallized grains.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Magnetic and spectral data are reported for the complexes Ln(RCO=CHCOCF3)3 ·nH 2O (Ln=lanthanide; R=p BrC6H4,m-MeC6H4,o-MeC6H4, Bu-t; n=2 or 3). An x-ray crystal structure determination of Er(m-MeC6H4CO=CH-COCF3)3 · 3 H2O showed that the complex is eight-coordinate with three bidentate β-diketonato and two aquo ligands; the third water molecule is hydrogen-bonded to one of the coordinated water molecules. The configuration about the erbium atom approximates to a square antiprism. The magnetic moments of the samarium and europium chelates are temperature-dependent, whereas those of the other paramagnetic lanthanides obey the Curie-Weiss law. The visible spectra of the chelates of Pr, Nd, Sin, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm display line-like absorption bands typical of lanthanide ions. Hypersensitive transitions were observed for Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, and Er.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Resistance ; mating disruption ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z)-7 ; 11-hexadecadienyl acetate ; (Z,E)-7 ; 11-hexadecadienyl acetate ; Lepidoptera ; Gelechiidae ; pink bollworm ; Pectinophora gossypiella ; cotton ; pheromone collection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract After an extensive examination of the release rates and blend ratios of pheromonal components emitted by field-collected femalePectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), we find no evidence of resistance to pheromones applied to cotton fields to disrupt mating. Females from fields with 3–5 years of exposure to disruptant pheromones as well as those from fields with only minimal exposure to disruptant pheromones emitted (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate at a rate of ca. 0.1 ng/min and (Z,E)7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate at ca. 0.06 ng/min. The ratio of pheromonal components was much less variable than the measured emission rate and was centered about a 61:39Z, Z to Z,E ratio. In contrast to the blend ratio emitted by females, the composition of the pheromonal blend used in monitoring populations and disrupting mating is centered about 50:50 Z,Z to Z.E. In general there was a remarkable consistency in the release rate and blend ratio among populations of females throughout southern California and those from a laboratory colony. It would appear that, although resistance to theP. gossypiella pheromone is still a very real possibility when it is used heavily in pest management as a mating disruptant, there are current agricultural practices and conditions which would hinder its development.
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