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  • NDE  (5)
  • Water stress  (5)
  • Springer  (10)
  • Oxford University Press
  • Springer Nature
  • Wiley
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1984  (10)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (10)
  • Oxford University Press
  • Springer Nature
  • Wiley
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonic reflection from a stressed interface (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Ultrasonic ; stress measurements ; interfacial stress ; NiTi ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In seeking to develop an NDE technique for verifying the serviceability of NiTi couplers for plumbing unions, it was found that the reflection coefficient for a normally incident ultrasonic wave correlated with the stress level at the NiTi-tubing interface. Current theory pertaining to interface reflection is not complete but, even at present status, there is semiquantitative accord between theoretical predictions and normalized data for reflection coefficient versus stress level. These results are at fixed frequency and with comparable surface roughness. Variation of either frequency or surface roughness further affects the reflection coefficient. Current studies are being pursued to define this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711095
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of partial defoliation, changes of irradiance during growth, short-term water stress and growth at enhanced p(CO2) on the photosynthetic capacity of leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 160 (1984), S. 320-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide (high partial pressure) ; Electron transport ; Gas exchange ; Phaseolus (CO2 assimilation) ; Photosynthesis at high p(CO2) ; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase ; Defoliation ; Water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The response of CO2-assimilation rate to the intercellular partial pressure of CO2 (p(CO2)) is used to analyse the effects of various growth treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics of P. vulgaris. Partial defoliation caused an increase in CO2-assimilation rate at all intercellular p(CO2). A change in the light regime for growth from high to low light levels caused a decrease of CO2-assimilation rate at all intercellular p(CO2). Growth in a CO2-enriched atmosphere resulted in lowered assimilation assimilation rates compared with controls at comparable intercellular p(CO2). Short-term water stress initially caused only a decline in the CO2-assimilation rate at high intercellular p(CO2), but not at low intercellular p(CO2). Except under severe water stress, changes in the initial slope of the response of CO2-assimilation rate to intercellular p(CO2) were in parallel to those of the in-vitro activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase. From the results, we infer that partial defoliation, changes in the light regime for growth, and growth in a CO2-enriched atmosphere cause parallel changes in RuBP-carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) activity and the “capacity for RuBP regeneration”, whereas short-term water stress initially causes only a decline in the RuBP-regeneration capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393413
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transpiration-induced changes in the photosynthetic capacity of leaves (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 160 (1984), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Photosynthesis and water stress ; Transpiration ; Water stress ; Xanthium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract High transpiration rates were found to affect the photosynthetic capacity of Xanthium strumarium L. leaves in a manner analagous to that of low soil water potential. The effect was also looked for and found in Gossypium hirsutum L., Agathis robusta (C. Moore ex Muell.) Bailey, Eucalyptus microcarpa Maiden, Larrea divaricata Cav., the wilty flacca tomato mutant (Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill.) and Scrophularia desertorum (Munz) Shaw. Two methods were used to distinguish between effects on stomatal conductance, which can lower assimilation by reducing CO2 availability, and effects on the photosynthetic capacity of the mesophyll. First, the response of assimilation to intercellular CO2 pressure (C i) was compared under conditions of high and low transpiration. Second, in addition to estimating C i using the usual Ohm's law analogy, C i was measured directly using the closed-loop technique of T.D. Sharkey, K. Imai, G.D. Farquhar and I.R. Cowan (1982, Plant Physiol, 60, 657–659). Transpiration stress responses of Xanthium strumarium were compared with soil drought effects. Both stresses reduced photosynthesis at high C i but not at low C i; transpiration stress increased the quantum requirement of photosynthesis. Transpiration stress could be induced in small sections of leaves. Total transpiration from the plant did not influence the photosynthetic capacity of a leaf kept under constant conditions, indicating that water deficits develop over small areas within the leaf. The effect of high transpiration on photosynthesis was reversed approximately half-way by returning the plants to low-transpiration conditions. This reversal occurred as fast as measurements could be made (5 min), but little further recovery was observed in subsequent hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392862
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some computational considerations in eddy-current NDE (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Eddy current ; computer analysis ; numerical methods ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Theoretical calculations of eddy-current phenomena often involve the numerical evaluation of various integral expressions. A discussion of some of the possible evaluation methods and of the factors to be considered in choosing a method is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711099
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The radiographic edge scattering distortion (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 75-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: object scattering ; edge scattering ; knife edge ; neutron radiography ; buildup factor ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Previously described scattering based edge distortions in optical density scans obtained from a neutron radiographic knife-edge image have been here confirmed using analog Monte Carlo simulation. In an attempt to estimate the effects of additional object scatter on such artifacts, the effect on the edge response of diffusely incident neutrons has been determined both empirically and by Monte Carlo simulation. The diffuse neutron incidence has been found to diminish the relative magnitude of the distortion, offering explanation for the infrequent observation of the corresponding edge scattering halo artifacts. The potential of this edge distortion as a diagnostic indicator of the buildup factor in radiography is suggested and examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566399
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation and characterization of stress levels and texture in metal sheet and plate: I. Principles and preliminary experiment (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Residual Stress ; ultrasonics ; metals ; EMATs ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An approach is proposed for obtaining separate measures of stress anisotropy and texture in metal sheet or plate. The approach is based on the propagation characteristics ofSH n modes of ultrasonic waves. Experimental work has established that differences betweenSH 0 modes with orthogonal directions of propagation provide a measure of stress anisotropy that is insensitive to texture, with the restriction that the pseudosymmetry of the polycrystalline matrix of the sheet or plate is orthorhombic or higher. In the present work, it is argued that the differences between elastic constants associated with orthogonal directions of propagation of higher order modes should provide a meaningful measure of texture. The only requirement is that the texture be sufficiently well developed so that the following inequality is obeyed: ∣C′44−C′55∣〉0.002 $$\bar C$$ with $$\bar C$$ =1/2 (C′44+C′55). HereC′44 andC′55 are the effective shear moduli for planes normal to the sheet or plate surface and at right angles to each other. They are measurable by observing the differences between the phase velocities of theSH 0 and theSH n〉0 modes in the principal directions. By using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs), the phase velocities can be deduced from the frequencies at which an SH mode of fixed wavelength is optimally excited. This approach has the advantage of being independent of specimen geometry and dimensions other than thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566221
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of ultrasound with contacting asperities: Applications to crack closure and fatigue crack growth (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Acoustic diffraction ; acoustic transmission ; asperity contact ; crack closure ; fatigue cracks ; mode conversion ; NDE ; stress intensity factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The partial contact of two rough fatigue crack surfaces leads to transmission, reflection, diffraction, and mode conversion of an acoustic signal at those contacts. This paper reviews recent experimental and theoretical efforts to understand and quantify such contact on actual fatigue cracks in greater detail. It is shown that the size and density of individual contacts, or asperities, can be estimated from acoustic measurements. Furthermore, it is shown that this information is useful to provide the static stress across a partially closed crack as well as the “effective” stress intensity range which activates fatigue crack propagation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566225
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence and changes of proline content in plants in the southern Namib Desert in relations to increasing and decreasing drought (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 162 (1984), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Drought stress ; Namib Desert ; Mesembryanthemaceae ; Proline accumulation (drought stress) ; Water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Over a period of seven years (1977–1983) the proline content and its responses to climatic changes were investigated in plants — especially Mesembryanthemaceae — in the southern Namib Desert (South Africa). Among 95 species in 26 families, 61 had detectable amounts of proline. In several of these species the proline content increased considerably in years with insufficient rainfall but decreased when the rainfall was abundant again. When individuals of the same species were grown at different sites, water availability in the soil determined their proline content. Many of the investigated species showed a clear diurnal fluctuation in their proline content with a remarkable proline accumulation during times of highest evaporative demand. In general, the higher the proline content the more pronounced were the changes, indicating that in these species-predominantly annual plants — proline was most probably involved in drought tolerance. The observation that proline accumulation and degradation reacted sensitively to changing climatic conditions over many years confirmed the correlation of proline synthesis to increasing water stress as postulated by the results of laboratory experiments with Mesembryanthemaceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397445
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nitrogen fertilization and mild water stress on the distribution of nitrogen in tall fescue (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 295-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Crude protein ; Nitrogen fertility ; Non-protein nitrogen ; Soluble protein ; Tall fescue ; Water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An investigation was designed to examine the nature and distribution of nitrogen in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) as influenced by water regime and N fertility under controlled environment conditions. Three replicates of 10 ppm and 110 ppm N were prepared for both adequately watered and water stress treatments of vegetatively propagated tall fescue. Herbage samples were lyophilized and soluble protein extracted in aqueous buffer and separated from low molecular weight N compounds. Two insoluble fractions (RI, cellular and structural fragments; RII, organellar residue, primarily chloroplasts) and two soluble fractions (SI, soluble protein; SII, low molecular weight compounds) were characterized by Kjeldahl N and acid-hydrolyzable amino-acid analyses. Mild water stress increased the crude protein (CP) concentration of tall fescue, especially under limited N conditions. Nitrogen was redistributed among the fractions when tall fescue was water stressed, regardless of N level. Under adequate water conditions at both N levels, about 30% of the soluble plant N was found in SI but under water stress, SI accounted for 50% of the soluble N. This pattern indicates a conservation of intact, nitrogenous material possibly due to decreased proteolysis under mild water stress conditions. The greatest proportion of total N occurred in fraction RI, regardless of water level, 10 N being greater than 110 N. Organellar residue (RII) accounted for about 18.5% of the total N regardless of treatment. Non-protein, non amino acid N concentrations were greatest under 110 N water stress conditions. Nitrate N concentrations contributed to less than one percent of the non-protein non-amino acid nitrogen. Component analysis of N in tall fescue, empirically determined as CP, elucidated the redistribution of nitrogenous constituents in response to N fertilization and water regime which may alter nutritive quality and/or plant survival. Accumulation of low molecular weight N compounds under water stress conditions could relate to animal health and fungal endophyte problems associated with tall fescue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182932
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acid composition of fractions of ‘Kentucky-31’ tall fescue as affected by N fertilization and mild water stress (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Festuca arundinacea ; N fractions ; Tall fescue ; Tissue fractions ; Water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Environmental and management factors can influence the protein concentration of forages, significantly altering specific amino acid content. Drought, high rates of fertilizer N and the presence of a fungal endophyte have been associated with significant alterations in plant N metabolites and animal performance problems on tall fescue. A controlled environment study was conducted to examine the influence of N fertilization (10 and 100 μgN/g) and water regime (low and adequate soil water availability) upon the distribution and concentration of amino acids in endophyte infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.) herbage. Tall fescue tissue was collected from three replicates of each treatment, quick frozen in liquid N and lyophilized. Two insoluble (RI, structural residue; RII, membrane residue) and two soluble (SI, soluble protein; SII, low molecular weight N compounds) fractions were collected. Amino acid analyses of acid hydrolysates of fractions showed that application of 100 N significantly increased the concentration (per unit dry weight) of all amino acids in the entire plant, with an average increase of about 55%. Application of 110 N increased the concentrations of most amino acids in fractions RI, RII, and SI, but only aspartate-asparagine, glutamate-glutamine, alanine, threonine, serine, valine and proline in fraction SII. Fraction RI contained about 65% of total amino acids under 10 N and 55% under 110 N even though N level did not alter dry matter distribution among fractions. While the amount of dry matter was least in SI, amino acids in the fraction ranged from 8% (leucine, 10 N) to 20% (lysine, 110 N) of the total amount of specific amino acids recovered. Significant increases in proline, glutamate, aspartate, serine, valine, threonine, alanine and phenylalanine concentration occurred under low soil-water availability compared with adequate water conditions. Basic amino acids including histidine, arginine and lysine increased with increased N and with water stress at each N level. Application of N increased amounts, and water stress influenced distribution of amino acids among the fractions of tall fescue herhage. Nitrogenous components, such as non-protein amino acids which could influence plant nutritive quality, were increased in fraction SII by increased N and water stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197159
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