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  • Articles  (10)
  • Springer  (9)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1910-1914
  • 1984  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 6 (1984), S. 229-237 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cooperative fares in public transport should allow changes between the transport systems of different transport authorities without restrictions. They should be planned such that losses for all transport authorities involved and disadvantages on the part of the passengers are avoided. It will be shown how traffic assignment models can be used to describe and evaluate fare zone and fare system models.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gemeinschaftstarife im öffentlichen Personennahverkehr (ÖPNV) sollen freizügiges Umsteigen zwischen den Verkehrssystemen verschiedener Verkehrsunternehmen ermöglichen. Sie sind so zu konzipieren, daß alle beteiligten Verkehrsunternehmen keine Verluste und möglichst wenig Fahrgäste Nachteile erleiden. Es wird gezeigt, wie Tarifzonenmodelle und Fahrpreissysteme mit Hilfe von Wegewahlmodellen beschrieben und ausgewertet werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 53 (1984), S. 81-100 
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An internal variable theory of rate-independent plasticity is presented incorporating a combination of classical models of kinematic hardening as well as isotropic hardening. In addition to the yield surface a second “bounding surface” has been introduced to accommodate to problems with non-radial loading paths. The behaviour of this model unter uniaxial and complex loading has been tested and compared with experimental results and other theoretical predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 54 (1984), S. 271-281 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The stationary states of a single-mode laser with feedback from a grating of high selectivity are investigated theoretically. The amplifying and absorbing media are contained in a Fabry-Perot cavity (FP) of lengthl. The grating and one of the FP end mirrors facing it are forming an external resonator (ER) of lengthL whereL≫l. The losses in the compound system consisting of the FP and ER depend on the refractive indices of both the media which change with light intensity. An inequality has been derived yielding conditions for unstable operation at lasing threshold connected with a transition of light intensity to the upper branch of a hysteresis cycle. It has been found that a hysteresis in a system without an absorber can arise by tuning the grating frequency towards a FP resonance from the high-frequency side provided that this resonance stands on the high-frequency side of the atomic transition. For the reversed tuning situation the FP resonance must be located on the low-frequency side of the atomic transition. If an absorber is present hysteresis cycles at both sides of a FP resonance can occur independently of its position with respect to the atomic resonances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rock mechanics and rock engineering 17 (1984), S. 51-59 
    ISSN: 1434-453X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 315 (1984), S. 41-48 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Level-crossing signals of impact radiation of He I have been analyzed with regard to the determination of excitation matrices. The signals have been registered at various electricfield strengths by sweeping a magnetic field strength ℋz through the positions ofΔm=2 crossings of Zeeman substates ofn 3 D 2 andn 3 D 3 levels (n=4 and 5) of He I excited by 35keV-He+-He collisions. We analyzed the signal amplitudes and signal shapes with regard to a spin-dependence of the excitation matrix usually discarded by theoretical arguments. To this end a parametrization of spin-dependent excitation matrices has been performed, and the dependence of the level-crossing amplitudes on the 19 parameters obtained have been studied. It turned out that the observed relative signal amplitudes can satisfactorily be explained by only two parameters, the two multipole components of orderk=2 andk=4 of the alignment of the orbital angular momentum. Thus in agreement with theoretical estimations no spin-dependence must be taken into account.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 317 (1984), S. 700-701 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 120 (1984), S. 163-175 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pyrolyse-Felddesorptions-Massenspektrometrie ist zur Untersuchung verschiedener Polyamide wie Nylon 6,8,12 und Nylon 66 verwendet worden. Das pyrolytische Verhalten dieser Verbindungen hängt stark vom Lösungsmittel und vom Temperatur-programm ab. Ameisensäure als Lösungsmittel ruft starke thermische Fragmentierung hervor, während mit 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol fast ausschließlich Molekülionen oder kationisierte Moleküle gebildet werden. Mit zunehmender Temperatur entstehen größere Cluster der polymeren Untereinheit (Mn + Na)+, aber gleichzeitig nimmt die thermische Fragmentierung auf der Emitteroberfläche zu. Die kationisierten Moleküle sind in allen Spektren dominant. Sie werden von M3 bis M5 oder M15 gebildet, je nach Kettenlange der polymeren Untereinheit. Mit zunehmender Temperatur verschiebt sich der Basispeak des Spektrums zu höheren Massen, und schwache Signale bis m/z 2000 und darüber werden registriert. Thermische Produkte werden hauptsächlich gebildet durch Wassereliminierung (-18 mu), Verlust der Säureamid-Gruppe (-44 mu) nach Umlagerung und von längeren Polyamiden durch Verlust von Methylengruppen (-42 oder 56 mu) durch cis-Eliminierung.Diese thermische Fragmentierung der Polymeren auf der Emitteroberfläche kann durch geeignete Emitterheizung kontrolliert werden und stimmt direkt mit der allgemeinen chemischen Kenntnis von diesen Substanzen in flüssiger und fester Phase überein. Zusammen mit den Vorteilen der integrierten Registrierung, der hohen Massenauflösung und der direkten Isotopenbestimmung ist die Kombination von Pyrolyse und Felddesorptions-Massenspektrometrie hervorragend geeignet zur Charakterisierung von synthetischen Polymeren anhand ihrer Untereinheiten und deren Sequenzen im hohen Massenbereich.
    Notes: Pyrolysis field desorption mass spectrometry has been performed from various polyamides such as nylon 6, 8, 12, and nylon 66. The pyrolytic behaviour of these compounds depends strongly on the solvent and the temperature program employed. Using formic acid as solvent strong thermal fragmentation is observed, while with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol almost exclusively molecular ions or cationized molecules of the monomer building block M are produced. With increasing temperature larger clusters of polymeric subunits (Mn + Na)+ are generated, but thermal fragmentation on the emitter surface also increases. The cationized molecules dominate all spectra. They are found from M3 to M5 or M15 depending on the chain length of the polymer subunit. With increasing temperature, the base peak of the spectrum is shifted to the higher mass end and small signals up to m/z 2000 and above are recorded. Thermal products are mainly formed by water elimination (-18 mu), loss of the acid amide group (-44 mu) after rearrangement and from longer polyamides by loss of the methylene groups (- 42 or 56 mu) by cis-elimination.These thermal fragmentations of the polymeric substances on the emitter surface can be controlled by appropriate emitter heating and correlate directly with the common chemical knowledge of these materials in the liquid or solid phase. Together with the options of integrating recording, high mass resolution and direct isotope determination, the combination of pyrolysis and field desorption mass spectrometry offers a unique tool for characterization of building blocks and high mass sequences in synthetic polymers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1984-05-01
    Print ISSN: 1073-5623
    Electronic ISSN: 1543-1940
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-1152
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1984-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0171-6468
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-6304
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Published by Springer
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