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  • Articles  (170)
  • Springer  (88)
  • Springer Nature  (56)
  • Oxford University Press  (26)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (87)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (83)
  • 1950-1954
  • 2002  (87)
  • 1984  (83)
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  • Articles  (170)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (87)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (83)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antarctic marine life under the McMurdo Ice Shelf at White Island: A link between nutrient influx and seal population (1984)
    Springer
    Polar biology 2 (1984), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Throughout 1981, the first routine collections of a variety of fish were made under the McMurdo Ice Shelf near White Island, Antarctica. Estimates of their local biomass were calculated using food consumption patterns of resident seals. Since no significant primary production occurs at White Island, the resident fauna must be maintained by a large nutrient influx from the Ross Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263629
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  • 2
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    Antarctic marine life under the McMurdo Ice Shelf at White Island: A link between nutrient influx and seal population (1984)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0722-4060
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2056
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Functional profiling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome (2002)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-25
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen bonding of organic bases with trifluoroacetic acid in chloroform: A method of calculating association constants of multi-equilibria systems (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 13 (1984), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Hydrogen bonding ; organic bases ; trifluoroacetic acid ; chloroform ; association constants ; multiequilibria ; nmr ; chemical shifts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 13 C NMR chemical shifts of sixteen organic bases, hydrogen-bonded with trifluoroacetic acid in deuteriochloroform, are used to calculate equilibrium constants for self-association of acid and for hydrogen bonding of base with various acid n-mers. In this treatment each hydrogen bond of the species in equilibrium is assigned a free energy. The equilibrium constants then correspond to changes in these energies. Thermodynamic models are proposed which differ in the extent to which a given hydrogen bond perturbs the free energies of neighboring bonds in the molecular aggregates. Each furnishes a minimum set of independent, freely variable equilibrium constants, the values of which are then determined through a least squares fitting of the experimental data by an iterative procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645875
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring the value of information: The case of data on the cost of producing cotton (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 317-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Information ; value ; data ; methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Operational measurement methods may be developed to measure the value of information in the data reported by the U.S. Government. Illustrative measures for cost of cotton production statistics indicate that the benefits from these data in certain important uses may far exceed their costs. If similar measures could be provided for major Government data programmes, it would facilitate the development of a national data policy that is oriented toward decision making and improvements in economic growth, national well-being, and quality of life. Making these estimates would begin to provide the dollar values in important uses of information in the nation's data bases. These values are needed for allocating resources to maintain, refine, and develop fundamental data series. Cutting data expenditure in the absence of these value measures may be false economy indeed; because, reducing data series with very high benefit/cost ratios might well limit, if not reduce, living standards for many generations to come.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874746
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular aspects of the imipramine ‘receptor’ (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 782-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951960
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spatial distribution of 6 centimeter gyroresonance emission from a flaring X-ray loop (1984)
    Springer
    Solar physics 92 (1984), S. 271-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We compare simultaneous high resolution soft X-ray and 6 cm images of the decay phase of an M3 X-ray flare in Hale Region 16413. The photographic X-ray images were obtained on an AS & E sounding rocket flown 7 November, 1979, and the 6 cm observations were made with the VLA. The X-ray images were converted to arrays of line-of-sight emission integrals and average temperature throughout the region. The X-ray flare structure consisted of a large loop system of length ∼ 1.3 arc min and average temperature ∼8 × 106 K. The peak 6 cm emission appeared to come from a region below the X-ray loop. The predicted 6 cm flux due to thermal bremsstrahlung calculated on the basis of the X-ray parameters along the loop was about an order of magnitude less than observed. We model the loop geometry to examine the expected gyroresonance absorption along the loop. We find that thermal gyroresonance emission requiring rather large azimuthal or radial field components, or nonthermal gyrosynchrotron emission involving continual acceleration of electrons can explain the observations. However, we cannot choose between these possibilities because of our poor knowledge of the loop magnetic field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157251
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative approaches to the estimation of economic impacts resulting from supply constraints (1984)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 18 (1984), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The standard Leontief input-output approach to estimating the impacts resulting from changes in final demands is inappropriate to apply to cases in which the gross outputs of particular sectors of the economy are constrained because of conditions such as strikes or natural disasters. In this paper two alternative approaches are presented for estimating the impacts on production resulting from supply-constraints. The first is based on standard interindustry purchase coefficients, the second on sales coefficients. Each model is applied in turn to estimate the impact on the Kern County, California economy of a hypothetical curtailment of State-supplied water to the County's agricultural activities. The empirical results, as well as the underlying assumptions, of each approach are compared and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287372
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of organic compounds in simulated rainfall runoffs from model coal piles (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 13 (1984), S. 179-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Model coal piles were constructed and leached with distilled water under simulated rainfall conditions. The piles were composed of one of four coals: two of high sulfur content (Illinois #6 and Western Kentucky), one of low sulfur content (Montana Nerco), and one of variable sulfur content (Texas lignite). There were nine rainfall simulations spaced 15 days apart. The runoffs were collected, extracted at acid and base pH, and analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Also, an extreme case was simulated by stir-extracting a coal with three different organic solvents in an acid and base medium, and the extracts were analyzed by GC/MS. The most common organic compound identified in any extract was phenanthrene. Aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and methyl and ethyl substituted PAHs were also identified. The concentration of most of the compounds did not exceed 50 μg/L. The concentrations of compounds in the extreme case simulations ranged from below detection (〈 1 μ/L) up to 107 μ/L. The data demonstrated that runoffs from coal piles may contain numerous organic compounds including many PAHs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055875
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium — A complex environmental problem Part II (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In intensively populated countries efficient sewage treatment is essential to protect river quality. An inevitable by-product is sewage sludge which has to be disposed of safely and economically. Utilisation of sludge as a fertilizer of agricultural land is the most economic disposal route for inland sewage-treatment works and also benefits farmers by providing a cheap manure. Much of the cadmium in wastewater is concentrated into sludge which consequently contains higher concentrations of cadmium than soil does. It is impracticable to reduce cadmium concentrations in sludge below certain levels. When sludge is used on farmland rates of application must be controlled so that cadmium concentrations in soil never reach levels that could significantly contaminate food crops. Cadmium is a principal factor limiting the use of sludge on land. Nevertheless, it is a local problem since agricultural land in general receives more cadmium from aerial deposition and phosphatic fertilizers. The significance of accumulations of cadmium in soil depends mainly on its availability for crop uptake. Investigations are described which have attempted to identify and to determine the availability of forms of cadmium in soil. There is considerable research interest in cadmium in soil solution which is likely to be directly available for crop uptake. Another area of interest is the apparent disappearance of cadmium from sludge-treated soil. Soil analysis often cannot fully account for the cadmium added in sludge. Apart from the effect of soil conditions, especially pH value, crop uptake varies according to the particular crop examined. Highest concentrations of cadmium occur in tobacco, lettuce, spinach and other leafy vegetables. Using crop uptake data from field trials it is possible to relate potential human dietary intake of cadmium, on which hazard depends, to soil concentrations of cadmium, which can be controlled by regulating applications of sludge. This provides an objective basis for limits for cadmium concentrations in soils receiving sludge. Transfer of cadmium via farm animals to meat and dairy products for human consumption is thought to be minimal, even allowing for some direct ingestion of sludge-treated soil by the animals. Evidence from these and other investigations suggests that a loading rate limit of 5 kg Cd/ha (equivalent to a soil concentration of about 3.5 mg Cd/kg) affords adequate protection to the foodchain where sludge is used on agricultural land. More research work is needed to provide a basis for predicting the long-term availability of cadmium introduced to the soil in sludge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01963574
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