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  • Springer  (126)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (23)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd
  • 2000-2004
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  • 1980-1984  (56)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1993  (93)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report measurements of branching ratios for production of a series of two meson final states in $$\bar p$$ p annihilations at rest in liquid hydrogen. We find: $$\begin{gathered} BR(\bar pp \to \pi ^ + \pi ^ - ) = (3.07 \pm 0.13) \cdot 10^{ - 3} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to K^ + K^ - ) = (0.99 \pm 0.05) \cdot 10^{ - 3} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \pi ^0 \pi ^0 ) = (6.93 \pm 0.43) \cdot 10^{ - 4} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \pi ^0 \eta ) = (2.12 \pm 0.12) \cdot 10^{ - 4} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \pi ^0 \omega ) = (5.73 \pm 0.47) \cdot 10^{ - 3} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \pi ^0 \eta ') = (1.23 \pm 0.13) \cdot 10^{ - 4} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \eta \eta ) = (1.64 \pm 0.10) \cdot 10^{ - 4} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \eta \omega ) = (1.51 \pm 0.12) \cdot 10^{ - 2} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \eta \eta ') = (2.16 \pm 0.25) \cdot 10^{ - 4} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \omega \omega ) = (3.32 \pm 0.34) \cdot 10^{ - 2} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \omega \eta ') = (0.78 \pm 0.08) \cdot 10^{ - 2} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ These are the first measurements of the channels ηη′ and ωη′ and in almost all the other channels are more precise than previous results. We also obtain, in a more precise fashion, the following ratios of branching ratios:K + K −/π+π−=0.323±0.013, π0η′/π0η=0.548±0.056, ηη′/ηη=0.31±0.15, ωη′/ωη=0.515±0.040, π0η/π0π0=0.303±0.010, ηη/π0π0=0.232±0.011 and π0ω/ηω=0.377±0.12. The measurements are made for different η and η′ decays, and we thus obtain Γη→3π 0/Γη→γγ=0.841±0.034, and $$\Gamma _{\eta ' \to \gamma \gamma } /\Gamma _{\eta ' \to \pi ^0 \pi ^0 \eta } = 0.091 \pm 0.009$$ .
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 14 (1984), S. 333-339 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of [NBu 4 n ]f AlI4] has been determined from counter data, and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space groupP21/n (an alternate setting ofP21/c-C 2h 5 , No. 14) witha=11.661(3),b=20.828(5),c=11.674(3) Å,β=98.39(2)°, andD calc=1.84 g cm−3 forZ=4. The finalR value for 1587 observed reflections is 0.051. The structure consists of discreet [NBu 4 n ]+and [AlI4]− ions. The [AlI4]− anion is approximately tetrahedral and exhibits an average Al-I bond length of 2.52(1) Å. The closest cation-anion, I⋯C, contact is ¯4 Å. The compound was isolated from the reaction of I2 with [NBu 4 n ][Al2Me6I].
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Advances in computational mathematics 1 (1993), S. 367-394 
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Keywords: Delay differential equation ; parallel continuous explicit Runge-Kutta methods ; vanishing lag ; iterated continuous extensions ; primary 65Q05
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present an explicit Runge-Kutta scheme devised for the numerical solution ofdelay differential equations (DDEs) where a delayed argument lies in the current Runge-Kutta interval. This can occur when the lag is small relative to the stepsize, and the more obvious extensions of the explicit Runge-Kutta method produce implicit equations. It transpires that the scheme is suitable forparallel implementation for solving both ODEs and more general DDEs. We associate our method with a Runge-Kutta tableau, from which the order of the method can be determined. Stability will affect the usefulness of the scheme and we derive the stability equations of the scheme when applied to the constant-coefficient test DDEu′(t)=λu(t) +μu(t −τ), where the lagτ and the Runge-Kutta stepsizeH n ≡H are both constant. (The caseμ=0 is treated separately.) In the case thatμ ≠ 0, we consider the two distinct possibilities: (i)τ ≥H and (ii)τ〈H.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aequationes mathematicae 46 (1993), S. 99-111 
    ISSN: 1420-8903
    Keywords: Primary 39B30, 39B70 ; Secondary 46F99
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary This paper is concerned mainly with the functional equation (1) $$\sum\limits_{\imath = 0}^m {F_\imath (\alpha _\imath ,x + \beta _i y)} = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {G_k (x)H_k (y)} $$ which is a generalization of the Levi-Civita equation (2) $$f(x + y) = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^N {g_k (x)h_k (y).} $$ For complex valued functions of a real variable, Aczél and Chung [1] have shown that (under certain additional natural assumptions) the locally Lebesgue integrable solutions of (1) are exponential polynomials. Jarai [6] has shown that the local integrability assumption can be weakened to measurability. Our aim is to solve distributional analogues of (1) and (2) and thereby obtain another generalization of the result of Aczél and Chung. Essentially, we will show that (1) can be reduced to (2).
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of geometry 23 (1984), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1420-8997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Preorderings and orderings of affine Hjelmslev planes were defined in [3]. The ordering of an AH-plane is shown to induce an ordering on each coordinate biternary ring which is compatible with the multiplication of the associated algebra. Even stronger projective order relations, on both the planes and biternary rings, are introduced and are shown to be also compatible with the ternary operations.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Cylas formicarius elegantulus ; sweetpotato weevil ; sweet potato ; digestion ; enzyme distribution ; trypsin-inhibitors ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'activité endoprotéinase était limitée au liquide de la lumière des régions ventriculaires antérieure et postérieure de l'intestin moyen des larves deCylas formicarius elegantulus Summers. Les aminopeptidases ont été trouvées dans le liquide de la lumière (18%), mais étaient principalement associées avec les fractions insolubles des cellules du ventricule postérieur (82%). Suivant le substrat, l'activité carboxypeptidase était à peu près également répartie entre le liquide de la lumière et les fractions insolubles des cellules du ventricule postérieur. L'amylase, enzyme secrétée, a été observée à la fois dans la lumière antérieure et postérieure. Cinq bandes d'activité amylase ont été révélées sur zymogrammes d'amidon après électrophorèse d'intestins moyens entiers. Trois des bandes d'amylase pouvaient provenir de la plante. Il y avait au moins 2 α-glucosidases, une secrétée et une liée aux cellules du ventricule antérieur. L'activite β-glucosidase était liée aux cellules du ventricule antérieur, fandis que l'activité α-galactosidase était limitée au fluide de la lumière. Les activités β-galactosidase et cellulase ont été trouvées à la fois dans le liquide de la lumière et dans la fraction cellulaire insoluble. Ainsi, la digestion initiale des grosses protéines et des polymères de carbohydrates se produit dans le liquide de la lumière dans les régions ventriculaires antérieure et postérieure. Cependant, l'achèvement de la digestion des oligopeptides se produit principalement dans le ventricule postérieur, tandis que la fin de la digestion des oligosaccharides se produit dans le ventricule antérieur. Les concentrations en inhibiteurs de trypsine de 5 cultivars d'I. batatas L. diffèrent de 1 à 20. Les endoprotéinases deC. formicarius elegantulus ont été inhibées par des extraits de cultivars, mais les cultivars avec des concentrations relativement élevées d'inhibiteur avainent antérieurement montré être susceptibles d'être attaqués par le coléoptère dans des essais en champs.
    Notes: Abstract Endoproteinase activity was confined to luminal fluid from anterior and posterior ventricular regions of midguts of larvae of the sweetpotato weevil,Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers). Aminopeptidase was found in luminal fluid (18%) but was primarily associated with insoluble fractions from cells of the posterior ventriculus (82%). Depending on substrate, carboxypeptidase activity was about equally distributed between luminal fluid and insoluble fractions from posterior ventriculus cells. Amylase was found in luminal fluid in both the anterior and posterior ventriculus. Five bands of amylase activity were detected on starch zymograms following electrophoresis of whole midgut samples. Three of the amylase bands may be plant-derived. At least two α-glucosidases were present, one secreted and one bound to anterior ventriculus cells. β-Glucosidase activity was bound to anterior ventriculus cells whereas α-galactosidase activity was confined to luminal fluid. β-Galactosidase and cellulase activities were found in both luminal fluid and the insoluble cell fraction. Thus, initial digestion of large protein and carbohydrate polymers occurs in luminal fluid in both anterior and posterior ventriculus regions. However, terminal digestion of oligopeptides occurs primarily in the posterior ventriculus while terminal digestion of oligosaccharides occurs in the anterior ventriculus. A 20-fold difference in trypsin-inhibitor concentration was found among five sweetpotato cultivars. Endoproteinases from sweetpotato weevil larvae were inhibited by extracts from the cultivars but cultivars with relatively high concentrations of inhibitor were previously shown to be susceptible to weevil attack in field trials.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 80 (1993), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 34 (1984), S. 65-73 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Klimatische Unbestimmbarkeit bedeutet, daß große, zufällige Impulse die Atmosphäre dazu veranlassen können, zwischen quasistabilen Zuständen zu manövrieren. Es wird postuliert, daß eine Folge dieser Unbestimmbarkeit große Anomalien, wie z.B. der El Niño, sind. Eine Spektralanalyse mit feinem Auflösungsvermögen, angewandt auf die El Niño-Episoden zwischen 1872 und 1976 weist zahlreiche Perioden zwischen 2.3 und 37.1 Jahren auf. Die stärksten Umstellungszeitäume von 15 bis 25 Jahren, welche die Andauer gewisser quasistabiler Zustände mit Perioden von einer bis zu drei Dekaden andeuten, teilen die Zeit von 1872 bis 1976 in vier solche quasistabile Zustandszeiträume, zusätzlich zu zwei Endabschnitten. Es scheint, daß starke Zufallsimpulse den Wechsel zwischen quasistabilen Zuständen auslösen können. Diese Impulse könnten vulkanischen oder solaren Ursprungs sein. Ein Wechsel zwischen quasistabilen Zuständen kann in einer leichten Verschiebung der für El Niño charakteristischen Perioden führen. Solche Zuständsänderungen scheinen in den Jahren 1886, 1901, 1941 und 1964 aufgetreten zu sein. Die Vorhersage von El Niño-Episoden innerhalb eines gewissen, quasistabilen Zustandes scheint in einem Zeitraum von 3 bis 5 Jahren möglich zu sein.
    Notes: Summary Climatic nondeterminism implies that large random pulses are capable of causing the atmosphere to shift between quasistable states. One of the consequences of nondeterminism is postulated to be the existence of large-scale anomalies such as El Niño. A high resolution spectral analysis of El Niño occurrences from 1872 to 1976 reveals numerous periods between 2.3 and 37.1 years, with the strongest periods being at 13.9, 2.3, and 6.6 years, respectively. Switching times of 15–25 years, representing durations of particular quasistable states for periods of between one to three decades, divide the period 1872–1976 into four complete quasistable states, plus two end segments. It appears that large random pulses may serve as triggers to change atmospheric quasistable states, and may be either volcanic or solar in origin. A change in quasistable state may result in slight offset of periods previously important in El Niño occurrence. Switches between quasistable atmospheric states appear to have occurred in 1886, 1901, 1941, and 1964. Predictability of El Niño events within a particular quasistable state is potentially possible on a 3–5 year time scale.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Letters in mathematical physics 29 (1993), S. 55-62 
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Keywords: 58F07 ; 05E05 ; 17B67
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using symmetric function techniques, we derive closed-form expressions for the Hirota polynomials for thepth modified KP and BKP hierarchies in terms of Schur and SchurQ-polynomials, respectively. The Hirota polynomials for the BKP hierarchy can also be expressed as Pfaffians while those for thepth modified KP hierarchies can, under certain conditions, be expressed as determinants.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Biocontrol ; Residue ; Saprophytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirteen species of fleshy fungi were identified from two agricultural fields during the 1989 and 1990 growing seasons at the Rural Development Center (RDC) and Horticulture Farm, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia. The three most common fungi wereCoprinus plicatilis, Cyathus olla, andPanaeolina foenisecii. At the former site, residue management practices were established for evaluating crop production and at the Horticulture Farm different crops were grown with conservation tillage employing a Low Input Sustainable Vegetable Production system. Tillage treatments at the RDC were no-till, row-till, ridge-plant, and moldboard-plowing. Residue management of triticale included burning or cutting the stubble at a height of 20 or 60 cm at harvest. At the Horticulture Farm, seven winter cover crops were compared to a fallow control. No significant differences were shown between observations of fungal species and individual treatments at the Horticulture Farm during 1989 and 1990. However, there were treatment differences for observed fungi at the RDC farm on specific dates for both years. Furthermore, no individual treatment(s) during the investigation increased observation rates of specific fungal species. Non-burned debris treatments showed consistently higher populations and diversity of fungi than burn debris plots.
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