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  • Lepidoptera  (21)
  • Springer  (21)
  • 1990-1994  (16)
  • 1980-1984  (5)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1990  (16)
  • 1984  (5)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (21)
Years
  • 1990-1994  (16)
  • 1980-1984  (5)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; attractant ; 6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecadiene ; 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecatriene ; 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-eicosatriene ; 6(Z),9(Z)-cis-3 ; 4-epoxynonadecadiene ; Paleacrita vernata ; spring cankerworm ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; trap height ; behavioral antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two sex pheromone components, 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19 ∶ H), and 3(Z),6(Z),9(Z)-eicosatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-20∶ H), have been positively identified, and a third component, 6(Z),9(Z)-nonadecadiene (6(Z),9(Z)-19 ∶ H) has been tentatively identified from abdominal tip extracts of female spring cankerworm moths,Paleacrita vernata Peck (Lepidoptera∶ Geometridae). The pheromone components were identified by a combination of gas chromatography, electroantennography, mass spectrometry, chemical tests, comparison with standards, and field testing. Only 3Z,6Z,9Z-20 ∶ H exhibited significant attractant activity when tested alone, and it was potentiated by the other two components. The attractive blend was an 8∶2∶1 ratio of 3Z,6Z,9Z-20∶H/3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H/6Z,9Z-19∶H. However, the two-component blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-20 ∶ H and 6Z,9Z-19 ∶ H (8∶1 ratio) was as attractive as the three-component blend in further field tests. A series of related compounds, the diene monoepoxides available from epoxidation of C19 and C20 3Z,6Z,9Z-trienes, some of which have been found in the pheromone blends of other moth species, were tested as behavioral antagonists. The attraction of male moths to synthetic lures was suppressed by the addition of 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene to the lures. Additional experiments were performed to determine the effects of lure dosage, trap height, and trap design on the numbers of male moths captured.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Oncocnemis chandleri ; Oncocnemis cibalis ; Oncocnemis mackiei ; (5E7Z)-5 ; 7-dodecadienyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; sex attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Oncocnemis chandleri, O. cibalis, andO. mackiei were attracted to chemically baited traps in the field. In all three cases, (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate was a key component for attraction. Attraction ofO. chandleri to traps baited with the (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate was inhibited by addition of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate.O. cibalis required both (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate for attraction. Electroantennogram responses for the three species are also reported.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromone ; small-tree thinnings ; temperature ; precipitation ; wind ; attraction distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mean catches of spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), moths were not significantly different among four small-tree thinning treatments of young spruce-fir-hemlock regeneration. Significant inverse relationships were found between trap catches and distances to nearby spruce-fir-hemlock overstory. Prevailing wind directions indicated that moths were attracted anemotactically to upwind pheromone sources. No definite trends were detected between catches and temperature or precipitation.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Behavior ; hydrocarbons ; kairomone ; kinesis ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Trichogramma nubilale ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A kairomone that effects host-seeking behavior inTrichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis, an egg parasitoid of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), was isolated from moth scales of the European corn borer. The kairomone was identified as a mixture of 11,15-, 13,17-, and 15,19-dimethylnonatriacontanes. The three dimethylnonatriacontanes were synthesized, and bioassays showed that the 13,17 isomer was the most active in terms of klinokinetic and retention effects. The 11,15 isomer and the 15,19 isomer had some effect on klinokinesis, but they failed to effect retention of the wasps. The 13,17-dimethylnonatriacontane is considered to be the most important component of the kairomone.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; behavioral antagonist ; enantiomer ; (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-heptadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3R,4S)-epoxy-heptadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z,6S,7R)-epoxyheptadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z,3R,4S)-epoxy-nonadecadiene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Stereoselective syntheses of chiral C17 to C21 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxydienes were developed. Field tests of the enantiomerically enriched epoxides as components of synthetic sex attractant lures were carried out, and those with C17 and C19 chain lengths, particularly, were attractive to male moths of several species. Moths were usually specifically attracted by one of a pair of enantiomers, and the opposite enantiomer could actually be a behavioral antagonist. Males belonging to nine species of Geometridae were captured.Probole amicaria (Herrich-Schäffer) males were taken in traps baited with the mixture (6Z,9Z,3S,4R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-19∶H) + 3Z,9Z,6R,7S-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H(9∶1∶8). Other species responding to the C19 compounds included (attractant components follow in parentheses);Sicya macularia (Harris) (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H),Anavitrinella pampinaria (Guenée) (6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,9Z,6S,7R-epoxy-19∶H), andLycia ursaria (Walker) (6Z,9Z-3S, 4R-epoxy-19∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H). Males of the following species were captured byC 17 epoxides:Itame occiduaria (Packard) (6Z,9Z,3R,4S-epoxy-17∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H),Itame brunneata (Thunberg) (6Z,9Z,3S,4R-epoxy-17∶H),Epelis truncataria (Walker) (both enantiomers of 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-17∶H),Semiothisa ulsterata (Pearsall) (3Z,9Z-6S,7R-epoxy-17∶H), andS. signaria dispuncta (Walker) (3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-17∶H + 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H). The interactions among enantiomers and regioisomers are discussed as a mechanism by which cross attraction between sympatric species is limited.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Pieris rapae ; cabbage butterfly ; Erysimum cheiranthoides ; Cruciferae ; oviposition deterrents ; cardenolides ; erysimoside ; erychroside ; erycordin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Avoidance of some crucifer species by the crucifer specialist,Pieris rapae, has been attributed to the presence of oviposition deterrents in these plants. Studies on one such unacceptable plant,Erysimum cheiranthoides, have resulted in the isolation ofn-butanol-soluble deterrents from the alcoholic extract of foliage. The active fraction contained three cardiac glycosides, which were isolated by reversed-phase HPLC and by open column chromatography on silica gel. Chemical and spectral evidence (UV, [1H]NMR, and FAB-MS) led to the characterization of these compounds as erysimoside (1), erychroside (2), and erycordin (3). Erysimoside and erychroside were strongly deterrent toPieris rapae, but erycordin was inactive. Both active compounds have the same aglycone, strophanthidin (5) and the inner sugar in both cases is a 2,6-dideoxy hexose to which the outer sugar is attached at position C-4. These structural features, which are absent in the inactive compound (3), may represent specific requirements for oviposition deterrent activity.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1751-1759 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Nomuraea rileyi ; Deuteromycotina ; fungi ; α-tomatine ; allelochemical ; third trophic level
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract To determine the impact of α-tomatine at the third trophic level, the following model was developed:Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson, the secondary consumer, acting onHeliothis zea (Boddie), the primary consumer, fed an artificial diet modified with α-tomatine. In vitro, the allelochemical inhibited colony formation and growth of the fungus. The in vivo test revealed that larval growth and developmental time were affected by α-tomatine andN. rileyi. Detrimental effects on pupal development were observed in larvae fed diet containing α-tomatine and also treated withN. rileyi (LC90). The fungus was detected in the hemolymph and tissue of larvae treated with two lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) ofN. rileyi, including those fed α-tomatine. At the LC50, α-tomatine protected larvae againstN. rileyi and increased survivorship; at the LC90, it inhibited the development ofN. rileyi, thereby reducing production of conidia. Thus, the allelochemical α-tomatine retains its antifungal qualities beyond the second trophic level, inhibiting the development ofN. rileyi inH. zea.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractant ; Geometridae ; Noctuidae ; Eufidonia convergaria ; Caripeta angustiorata ; Rivula propinqualis ; (3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatriene ; (3Z,9Z)-(6R,7S)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z)-(6S,7R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; (3Z,9Z)-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex attractants for the geometrid mothsEufidonia convergaria andCaripeta angustiorata, and the noctuid mothRivula propinqualis have been elucidated during field screening of a series of (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons (C17–22), and the racemic and enantiomerically enriched monoepoxydienes derived from those hydrocarbons. Biologically active compounds were identified by a combination of field testing of synthetic standards, electroantennography, and coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection.E. convergaria males were optimally attracted by a 1∶1 blend of (3Z,9Z)-(6S,7R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene (3Z,9Z-6S,7R-epoxy-19∶H); other abbreviations follow the same system) with (3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H). The 6R,7S enantiomer of the epoxide had no apparent biological activity, either as an attractant or as a behavioral antagonist. Male moths also were attracted to blends of the C18 and C20 homologs of the triene and the epoxide. 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and 3Z,6Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-19∶H were identified inE. convergaria female pheromone gland extracts. Males of the geometrid moth speciesC. angustiorata were attracted by a 1∶1 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and enantiomerically enriched 3Z,9Z-6R,7S-epoxy-19∶H. Males of the noctuid mothR. propinqualis were attracted by an approximately 10∶1 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and enantiomerically enriched 3Z,9Z-6S, 7R-epoxy-19∶H. The components were synergistic, with neither being attractive alone. The blend ratio was quite specific, as the attractiveness of blends decreased sharply on either side of the optimum ratio.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2307-2316 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex attractant ; behavioral antagonist ; 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; 3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene ; 3Z,6Z,9Z-heptadecatriene ; 3Z,6Z,9Z-nonadecatriene ; Probole amicaria ; Sicya macularia ; Lomographa semiclarata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex attractants for three species of geometrid moths were discovered during field screening of 3Z,6Z,9Z-trienes, and the racemic monoepoxydienes derived therefrom. MaleProbole amicaria moths were attracted to lure blends containing 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene (6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-19∶H) with 3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-19∶H. 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H was positively identified and 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-19∶H was tentatively identified in extracts of female pheromone glands by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Sicya macularia male moths were attracted by blends of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19∶H and 6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-19∶H. The attractive response was strongly antagonized by small amounts of 3Z,9Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-19∶H, or by larger amounts of 3Z,6Z-cis-9,10-epoxy-19∶H.Lomographa semiclarata male moths were attracted by a variety of lures containing 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H as a major component. 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H was tentatively identified in a female pheromone gland extract by GC-EAD.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2393-2399 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; lure ; attractant ; Eoreuma loftini ; Mexican rice borer ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; monitoring ; development ; populations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Formulations of Mexican rice borer (MRB) pheromone components were more effective in capturing males in fields of sugarcane when dispensed from rubber septa than when evaporated from four other substrates. Concentrations of 0.63–10.0 mg of total pheromone per lure were effective over a 112-day period when formulated in rubber septa in a ratio of 8∶1∶1.3 of (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, and (Z)-13-octadecenal, respectively. Component ratios of 4∶1∶1.3 and 8∶1∶1.3 were equally effective in capturing male MRB, but efficacy decreased with higher relative concentrations of (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate.
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