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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (370)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (176)
  • 1985-1989  (289)
  • 1980-1984  (257)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
  • 1987  (289)
  • 1984  (257)
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  • 1985-1989  (289)
  • 1980-1984  (257)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic effects of interleukin 3 on 32D cl23 cells analyzed by NMR (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 133 (1987), S. 351-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: 31P NMR of living 32D cl23 cells and 1H NMR of cell extracts were used to study the metabolic effects of interleukin 3 (IL3). When IL3 was removed from 32D cl23 for 9-10 hours 31P spectra showed a decrease in sugar phosphate, γATP/ADP, αATP/ADP/NAD, and βATP resonances which declined progressively over a time period of up to 16 hours. By comparison, ATP measurements using the luciferin/luciferase method resulted in the decline of ATP levels from 12 hours in the absence of IL3. At this time, viability of the cells was unaffected. For 1H NMR experiments cells were grown in the presence and absence of IL3 for 4 and 24 hours, after which acid cell extracts were prepared. These spectra revealed a four-fold decrease in lactate 4 hours post-IL3 removal. Alanine levels were unchanged but glycine was elevated 1.5-fold whilst various other amino acids were elevated slightly. After 24 hours without IL3, only 22% of cells were viable which was reflected in a general decline of most resonance intensities. These findings suggest that IL3 exerts its effect primarily on glucose metabolism and has a delayed secondary effect on maintenance of ATP levels in the cell. We have demonstrated the applicability of high resolution 1H and 31P NMR to the study of cellular metabolism in hemopoietic cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041330220
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retention of differentiated characteristics by cultures of defined rabbit kidney epithelia (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 130 (1987), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit nephron segments of proximal convoluted tubules (PCT); proximal straight tubules (PST); cortical and medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop (CAL, MAL); and cortical, outer medullary, and inner medullary collecting tubules (CCT, OMCT, IMCT) were individually microdissected and grown in monolayer culture in hormone supplemented, defined media. Factors favoring a rapid onset of proliferation included young donor age, distal tubule origin, and the addition of 3% fetal calf serum to the medium. All primary cultures had polarized morphology with apical microvilli facing the medium and basement membrane-like material adjacent to the dish. Differentiated properties characteristics of the tubular epithelium of origin retained in cultures included ultrastructural characteristics and cytochemically demonstrable marker enzyme proportions. PCT and PST were rich in alkaline phosphatase; CAL stained strongly for NaK-ATPase; CCT contained two cell populations with regard to cytochrome oxidase reaction. A CCT-specific antikeratin antibody (aLEA) was immunolocalized in CCT cultures, and a PST cytokeratin antibody stained PST cultures. The biochemical response of adenylate cyclase to putative stimulating agents was the same in primary cultures as in freshly isolated tubules. In PCT and PST adenylate cyclase activity was stimulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) but not by arginine vasopressin (AVP); CAL and MAL adenylate cyclase was stimulated by neither PTH nor AVP; CCT, OMCT, and IMCT adenylate cyclase was stimulated by AVP but not by PTH. NaF stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in every cultured segment. It is concluded that primary cultures of individually microdissected rabbit PCT, PST, CAL, MAL, CCT, OMCT, and IMCT retain differentiated characteristics with regard to ultrastructure, marker enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, and hormone response of adenylate cyclase and provide a new system for studying normal and abnormal functions of the heterogeneous tubular epithelia in the kidney.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041300210
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PDGF induces c-myc mRNA expression in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells but does not stimulate cell replication (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 132 (1987), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) modulated growth response of the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line, which neither expresses c-sis mRNA nor secretes a PDGF analogue, was characterized. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that the MG-63 cells have 23,000 receptors per cell with a kd of 5 × 10-11 M. The receptor became phosphorylated, in a PDGF concentration-dependent manner, when 32P-orthophosphate-labeled cells were treated with PDGF for 3 h at 4°C. The phosphorylated receptor was identified by autora-diography and gel electrophoresis after isolation of the 32P-labeled receptor using a solid-phase monoclonal antibody directed against phosphotyrosine. Binding of the receptor to the antibody was inhibited by 5 mM phenyl phosphate, further suggesting that PDGF stimulated tyrosine-specific receptor autophosphorylation. In addition, treatment of MG-63 cells with PDGF for 3 h at 37°C induced a 7.5-fold increase in c-myc mRNA accumulation as analyzed on Northern gels. However, MG-63 cells grew equally well in either serum-(which contains PDGF) or plasma-(which does not) supplemented medium. Furthermore, PDGF did not stimulate DNA synthesis in growth arrested MG-63 cells, nor did it potentiate DNA synthesis modulated by somatomedin C. Thus MG-63 cells are a naturally occurring cell variant in which PDGF stimulates c-myc expression but does not modulate mitogenesis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320109
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction and decay of thermotolerance in rainbow trout fibroblasts (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 132 (1987), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Thermotolerance was studied in the rainbow trout fibroblast cell line RTG-2. RTG-2 cultures that had been incubated at 28°C for 24 h were better able to withstand ultimately lethal temperatures above 28°C than RTG-2 cultures that had been maintained at the routine growth temperature of 22°C. This thermotolerance developed rapidly between 3 and 6 h and was fully developed by 24 h at 28°C. After development for 24 hr at 28°C, thermotolerance showed little change over 72 h at 0 and 5°C but approximately a 40 and 60% reduction at 10 and 22°C, respectively. This is the first demonstration of heat-induced thermal resistance in the cells of a poikilothermic vertebrate.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320122
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorylation of the T cell antigen receptor: Multiple signal transduction pathways (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 133 (1987), S. 49-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In our previous description of the murine T cell antigen receptor complex (Samelson et al., 1985a), we demonstrated that the clonotypic α-β heterodimer is associated with four additional polypeptides. These include the 26 kd δ chain, the 25 kd ε chain, a 21 kd glycoprotein probably homologous with the human T3 γ chain, and a 16 kd homodimer, the {chain. These polypeptides are co-immunoprecipitated from T cell clones and normal peripheral T cells with monoclonal antibodies that bind the α-β heterodimer or with antisera that bind the δ chain (Samelson et al., 1986b) or the { chain (Weissman et al., 1986). All of these murine polypeptides have counterparts on human T cells. These results indicated that the T cell antigen receptor is a seven-chain complex.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041330410
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell cycle changes in water properties in sea urchin eggs (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 133 (1987), S. 14-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study concerned changes in the motional properties of cellular water during the first cell cycle of fertilized sea urchin eggs (Lytechinus variegatus). There was a significant decrease in proton NMR T1 relaxation time and in cytoplasmic ice crystal growth during mitosis and a significant increase in T1 time and cytoplasmic ice crystal size during cleavage. This was not caused by egg water content changes as reflected by egg volume measurements. Removal of both the fertilization membrane and the hyaline layer shortly after fertilization did not alter the pattern of T1 time changes at mitosis and cleavage as compared to whole eggs; thus, the pattern of T1 time changes was attributed to intracellular events. Treatment of fertilized eggs with cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, did not block the fall in T1 time at mitosis, but did block cytokinesis and the increase in T1 time, which normally occurred at cleavage. A significant pattern of actin disassembly and reassembly at mitosis and cytokinesis was found by studies on the total amount of monomeric actin (G actin) using the DNase I assay. This led to the hypothesis that the observed changes in T1 time and ice crystal size during the first cell cycle were due to the depolymerization and polymerization of cytoplasmic actin. To test this, the effect of the in vitro polymerization of purified actin on the T1 time and on ice crystal growth was examined. It was concluded that changes in the T1 time and ice crystal growth upon polymerization of actin in vitro resembled the changes seen in vivo. These results suggest that changes in the motional properties of cytoplasmic water during the first cell cycle are due, at least in part, to the state of polymerization of cytoplasmic actin.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041330103
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro fertilization with normal development in the sheep (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 16 (1987), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: ovine ; oocyte ; spermatozoa ; maturation ; fertilization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ovine tubal (n = 87) and ovarian in vitro matured oocytes (n = 99) were fertilized in vitro with ejaculated spermatozoa capacitated for 8 h in modified defined medium buffered with Hepes. High levels of fertilization were obtained as assessed by development to two-to six-cell stage within 40 h (75. 8% for ovulated and 62. 6% for in vitro matured oocytes). Electron microscope analysis of oocytes 20-22 h after insemination indicated that in vitro fertilization approximated the in vivo events. Embryos (two- to six-cell) were transferred surgically to the oviducts of pseudopregnant rabbits. Three days later, 42 (from ovulated oocytes) and 15 (from in vitro matured oocytes) embryos were recovered; 26 (61. 9%) and 10 (66. 6%), respectively, had cleaved at least once. Embryos incubated in vivo (n = 20 from ovulated oocytes; n = 9 from in vitro matured oocytes) were transferred surgically to the uteri of seven and four recipient ewes resulting in four and two pregnancies, respectively, from which three and one, respectively, have been maintained ( 〉 3 months). The first lamb resulting from the in vitro fertilization of an ovulated oocyte was born. In addition, six embryos (two- to four-cell) from tubal oocytes and ten embryos (two- to six-cell) from in vitro matured oocytes were directly transferred to the oviducts of two and three ewes, respectively. Two pregnancies resulting from in vitro matured fertilized oocytes are in progress ( 〉 3 months).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120160207
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualization and characterization of the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa by immunolocalization with monoclonal antibody (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 17 (1987), S. 245-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: hamster ova ; epi-fluorescence ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody generated against hamster epididymal spermatozoa and recognizing an antigen within the acrosome was used in conjunction with FITC-antimouse immunoglobulin as a marker of the human acrosome during sperm development, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. The specificity of binding of the monoclonal antibody was assessed using immunolocalization by epi-fluorescence and electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence revealed that antibody bound over the entire anterior acrosome in hamster and human spermatozoa. Ultrastructural localization indicated that antigen was predominantly present on the inner face of the outer acrosomal membrane and within the acrosomal content. Qualitative specificity was studied using a highly purified preparation of hamster acrosomes in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Since the antibody rapidly visualized human acrosomes, it was used to detect abnormal acrosome morphology of mature spermatozoa and to mark spermatids present in the ejaculate. During incubation in capacitating medium, changes in the immunofluorescence of live or methanol fixed spermatozoa were correlated with incubation interval and the ability of spermatozoa to fuse with zona-free hamster oocytes. Spermatozoa bound to zona-free hamster oocytes displayed no fluorescence, confirming that acrosome loss occurred before spermatozoa attached to the vitellus.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120170308
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of in utero and in vitro incubation on the lipid-bound fatty acids and sterols of porcine spermatozoa (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 18 (1987), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: sperm ; phospholipid ; neutral lipid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sperm-rich semen and washed porcine spermatozoa were incubated for up to 2 hr either in utero in the presence of oviduct fluid or in vitro at 37°C. Sperm lipids were extracted and separated into phospholid and neutral lipid fractions. Eleven phospholipid and five neutral lipid fatty acids were identified and quantified using GC and GC-MS. The percentage of 22:5n6, the major phospholipid fatty acid, decreased slightly but significantly during 1.5 hr of in utero incubation (41.2-38.0%), but after 2.0 hr of in utero incubation no significant difference was observed (40.0%). None of the phospholipid fatty acids changed in concentration during in vitro incubation. The mole ratio of phospholipid to phospholipid fatty acid (1.00:1.27) did not change during incubation. The levels of neutral lipid-bound 14:0 decreased (43.5% to 31.8%) and that of 18:0 increased (11.1% to 18.2%) during in utero incubation. Similar but less pronounced changes were observed during in vitro incubation. (43.5% to 36.0%; and 11.1% to 15.8%, respectively).Two major sterols, cholestrol (73%) and desmosterol (27%) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mole ratio of phospholipid to sterol (2.47:1:00) did not change during incubation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120180206
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurochemical characterization of embryonic brain development in trisomy 19 (Ts19) mice: Implications of selective deficits observed for abnormal neural development in aneuploidy (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 267-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: mental retardation ; Down syndrome ; cholinergic neurons ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this study, we examined the neurochemical profiles of selected brain regions (cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon/brainstem) in fetal (day 14 to 18 gestation) trisomy 19 (Ts19) mice. The neurochemical characteristics we observed in Ts19 mice were quite different from those we observed previously in Ts16 mice. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was reduced significantly in the cerebral hemispheres, but not in the brainstem/diencephalon, of the fetal Ts19 mouse brain, suggesting a selective vulnerability of telencephalic cholinergic neurons. Additionally, the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) was reduced significantly in both hemispheres and diencephalon/brainstem of late gestation Ts19 fetuses, suggesting a selective vulnerability of GABAergic neurons as well. While the levels of catecholaminergic and dopaminergic markers were reduced significantly at late gestational ages, the relative rate of turnover of dopamine (DA), measured by the ratio of DOPAC/DA, was elevated significantly in Ts19 mice. Neither reduction in the thickness of various cellular zones of the cerebral cortex nor reduced cell density of the cerebral cortex accounts for the alterations in neurochemical parameters observed in Ts19 mice. These results suggest that the effects of the triplication of specific genes on the respective chromosomes, rather than a generalized disruption of developmental homeostasis resulting from extra chromosomal material, may produce selective alterations in neurochemical and neuroanatomical markers observed in these two mouse trisomies.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080409
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