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  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug  (9)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (9)
  • PANGAEA
  • Springer
  • 1980-1984  (9)
  • 1983  (9)
Collection
Keywords
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (9)
  • PANGAEA
  • Springer
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  • 1980-1984  (9)
Year
  • 1
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    The thymus-adrenal connection: thymosin has corticotropin-releasing activity in primates (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-23
    Description: Endotoxin-free thymosin fraction 5 elevated corticotropin, beta-endorphin, and cortisol in a dose- and time-dependent fashion when administered intravenously to prepubertal cynomolgus monkeys. Two synthetic component peptides of thymosin fraction 5 had no acute effects on pituitary function, suggesting that some other peptides in thymosin fraction 5 were responsible for its corticotropin-releasing activity. In agreement with these observations, total thymectomy of juvenile macaques was associated with decreases in plasma cortisol, corticotropin, and beta-endorphin. These findings indicate that the prepubertal primate thymus contains corticotropin-releasing activity that may contribute to a physiological immunoregulatory circuit between the developing immunological and pituitary-adrenal systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Healy, D L -- Hodgen, G D -- Schulte, H M -- Chrousos, G P -- Loriaux, D L -- Hall, N R -- Goldstein, A L -- CA 24974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 23;222(4630):1353-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/blood ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Kinetics ; Macaca fascicularis ; Thymectomy ; Thymosin/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Thymus Gland/*physiology ; beta-Endorphin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    5-hydroxytryptophan elevates serum melatonin (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: Daytime administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan to sheep elevated serum melatonin more than sevenfold within 2 hours. This suggests that administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan could be used as the basis of a clinical test of pineal function and that melatonin might mediate some clinical effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Namboodiri, M A -- Sugden, D -- Klein, D C -- Mefford, I N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):659-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Melatonin/*blood ; Pineal Gland/physiology ; Rats ; Serotonin/*pharmacology ; Sheep ; Tryptophan/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Bioactive cardiac substances: potent vasorelaxant activity in mammalian atria (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Mammalian atrial extracts possess natriuretic and diuretic activity. In experiments reported here it was found that atrial, but not ventricular, extract also causes relaxation of isolated vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle preparations. The smooth muscle relaxant activity of atrial extract was heat-stable and concentration-dependent and could be destroyed with protease. Rabbit aortic and chick rectum strips were used for the detection of atrial biological activity. The atrial activity was separated by column chromatography into two peaks having apparent molecular weights of 20,000 to 30,000 and less than 10,000. The atrial substance that copurified with the smooth muscle relaxant activity in both peaks caused natriuresis when injected into conscious rats. It appears that atria possess at least two peptides that elicit smooth muscle relaxation and natriuresis, suggesting an endogenous system of fluid volume regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, M G -- Geller, D M -- Cole, B R -- Boylan, J G -- YuSheng, W -- Holmberg, S W -- Needleman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atrial Function ; Chickens ; Chromatography, Gel ; Dogs ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*drug effects ; Natriuresis/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Swine ; Vasodilation/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Implication of nonlinear kinetics on risk estimation in carcinogenesis (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: Efforts in estimating carcinogenic risk in humans from long-term exposure to chemical carcinogens have centered on the problem of low-dose extrapolation. For chemicals with metabolites that interact with DNA, it may be more meaningful to relate tumor response to the concentration of the DNA adducts in the target organ rather than to the applied dose. Many data suggest that the relation between tumor response and concentration of DNA adducts in the target organ may be linear. This implies that the nonlinearities of the dose-response curve for tumor induction may be due to the kinetic processes involved in the formation of carcinogen metabolite--DNA adducts. Of particular importance is the possibility that the kinetic processes may show a nonlinear "hockey-stick" like behavior which results from saturation of detoxification or DNA repair processes. The mathematical models typically used for low-dose extrapolation are shown potentially to overestimate risk by several orders of magnitude when nonlinear kinetics are present.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoel, D G -- Kaplan, N L -- Anderson, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1032-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens/*administration & dosage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Risk
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A major metabolite of arginine vasopressin in the brain is a highly potent neuropeptide (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: A peptide that accumulated as the major product during the proteolysis of arginine vasopressin by rat brain synaptic membranes was isolated and its structure was shown to be the hexapeptide pGlu-Asn-Cys(Cys)-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2. When administered intracerebroventricularly in extremely low doses, this vasopressin fragment and its desglycinamide derivative facilitated memory consolidation in a passive avoidance situation. These vasopressin metabolites, which are devoid of pressor activity, constitute highly potent neuropeptides with selective effects on memory and related processes; they are activated via proteolytic processing of vasopressin by brain peptidases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burbach, J P -- Kovacs, G L -- de Wied, D -- van Nispen, J W -- Greven, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1310-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6351252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/*metabolism/physiology ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Brain/*metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Fluoride directly stimulates proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone-forming cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-21
    Description: Fluoride is one of the most potent but least well understood stimulators of bone formation in vivo. Bone formation was shown to arise from direct effects on bone cells. Treatment with sodium fluoride increased proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone cells in vitro and increased bone formation in embryonic calvaria at concentrations that stimulate bone formation in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farley, J R -- Wergedal, J E -- Baylink, D J -- AM31061/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM31062/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 21;222(4621):330-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase/*metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Development/*drug effects ; Bone and Bones/*cytology/embryology/enzymology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fluorides/*pharmacology ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Pregnancy increases reactivity of mice to phenobarbital (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Compared to nonpregnant controls, pregnant mice injected with phenobarbital had lower concentrations of the drug in the plasma but equivalent concentrations in the brain. In spite of the similar concentrations in the brain, the behavioral response to phenobarbital was greater for pregnant than nonpregnant mice. These results suggest that the concentration of phenobarbital in the plasma, which is commonly used as a basis for adjusting phenobarbital dosage during pregnancy, is not an appropriate indicator of the dynamics of the drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Middaugh, L D -- Zemp, J W -- Boggan, W O -- AA03532/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- DA00041/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA01750/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):534-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Phenobarbital/analysis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Pregnancy/drug effects ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Antipyretic potency of centrally administered alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Centrally administered alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone is much more potent in reducing fever than the widely used antipyretic acetaminophen. This finding supports the hypothesis that the endogenous neuropeptide has a role in the limitation of fever and suggests that it may be clinically useful as an antipyretic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, M T -- Richards, D B -- Lipton, J M -- NS 10046/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):192-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6602381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetaminophen/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*pharmacology ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fever/drug therapy ; Humans ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/*pharmacology ; Rabbits
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Hysteresis in the force-calcium relation in muscle (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: Calcium ions activate muscle contraction. The mechanism depends on the calcium sensitivity of the proteins that regulate contraction. Evidence is presented for the reverse phenomenon, where contraction modulates calcium sensitivity. Increasing the force level increased calcium sensitivity in intact fibers showing that the relation between force and calcium is not unique. A particular calcium concentration can maintain a higher force level than it can create. The results were confirmed in skinned fiber experiments. Transient reduction of the force led to a transient reduction in calcium binding, suggesting a simple mechanism for the hysteresis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ridgway, E B -- Gordon, A M -- Martyn, D A -- NS 08384/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10919/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1075-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aequorin ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/*physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *Muscle Contraction ; Protein Binding ; Thoracica
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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