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  • Differential-scanning-calorimetry  (8)
  • Ultrastructure  (5)
  • Springer  (13)
  • 1980-1984  (13)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1955-1959
  • 1983  (13)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (13)
Years
  • 1980-1984  (13)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cuticle ; Peristomatal transpiration ; Stomata ; Ultrastructure ; Funaria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cuticle and pore development in the guard cells ofFunaria were investigated with the electron microscope. Pore cuticle formation is simultaneous with the creation of the pore itself. The morphology of the pore cuticle is unlike that of any cuticle described in the literature. It has many lamellae which are penetrated by electron dense fibrils. Three different cuticular morphologies exist from the pore to the subsidiary cell walls. The cuticles on the pore and outer walls contain fibrils that sometimes reach to the surface. The subsidiary cell cuticle lacks fibrils altogether. It is hypothesized that (1) cuticularization of the middle lamella contributes to ventral wall separation and (2) differences in extent of cuticular fibrils are related to greater water loss from stomata than from subsidiary cells (peristomatal transpiration).
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 389-403 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymph node, avian ; Ultrastructure ; Macrophages ; Phagocytic capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the avian lymph node (ALN) is characterized by a thin capsule, thin lymphoreticular cords, and an absence of trabeculae. It is not possible to subdivide the ALN into cortex, paracortex and medulla, or to subdivide the system of sinuses into marginal, trabecular and medullary divisions. The lymphoreticular cords contain avian germinal centers (AGC) with B-lymphocytes and the area of T-lymphocytes. Postcapillary venules are responsible for the recirculation of lymphocytes. Sinus reticular cells do not exist in the ALN, but free macrophages are present. The phagocytic capacity of the macrophages was determined by injection of vital dyes (India ink, Berlin blue) and inoculation with Candida cells. Macrophages filled with markers migrate from the lymph sinuses into the lymphoreticular cords and further into the AGC. The mobility of the macrophages is remarkably lower after phagocytosis of Candida cells.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 286-292 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Differential-scanning-calorimetry ; homologous lecithins ; phase transition enthalpies ; phase transition temperatures ; hydration behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract 1. By means of differential-scanning-calorimetry the phase transition temperatures and -enthalpies were determined and evaluated for the three following lecithin/water systems: 1,2-dimyristoyl-lecithin/water; 1,2-dipalmitoyl-lecithin/water; 1,2-distearoyllecithin/water. 2. The preparation of the lecithin/water mixtures was made by adsorption of water from the gaseous phase. The adsorption isotherms were evaluated by the BET equation. 3. Four phase transitions were found for the monohydrates of the lecithins. The parameters depend systematically on the length of the alkyl residues. 4. In the heterogeneous two phase region the main-transition and the pre-transition occurred. The thermodynamical parameters of both transitions depend on the alkyl chain length. 5. Whole the results refer to the conclusion that the lecithin head group hydration is a stepwise process. The hydration of the first shell is finished if 5 to 6 molecules water per molecule lecithin are present, while the second hydration shell is complete when about 13 water molecules are adsorbed
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Mittels Differential-Scanning-Kalorimetrie wurden die Umwandlungstemperaturen und -enthalpien folgender 3 binärer Systeme im Konzentrationsbereichx W=0,5 bisx W=0,97x W=Molenbruch, bezogen auf Wasser) systematisch untersucht und ausgewertet: 1,2-Dimyristoyllecithin/Wasser, 1,2-Dipalmitoyllecithin/Wasser und 1,2-Distearoyllecithin/Wasser. 2. Die Herstellung der Lecithin/Wasser-Mischungen erfolgte durch Adsorption des Wassers aus der Gasphase. Die Adsorptionsisotherme wird angegeben und mittels BETGleichung ausgewertet. Für die Monoschichtadsorption wird ein Wert von 2,5 mol Wasser/mol Lecithin gefunden. 3. Der Vergleich des Phasenverhaltens der Lecithin-Monohydrate ergibt 4 Umwandlungspeaks, deren Umwandlungsparameter in regelmäßiger Weise von der Kettenlänge der KWReste beeinflußt sind. Sie entsprechen temperaturaufwärts folgenden Strukturänderungen:L C →R α →Q α →H α (L C=lamellare Phase, KW-Ketten rigid;R α=rhomboedrische Phase, KW-Ketten fluid;Q α=kubische Phase, KW-Ketten fluid;H α=hexagonale Phase, KW-Ketten fluid). 4. Mit zunehmendem Wassergehalt verschwinden die Hochtemperaturumwandlungen der Monohydrate. Im heterogenen Zweiphasengebiet tritt dann neben der Hauptumwandlung temperaturabwärts zusätzlich die Vorumwandlung auf. Die Parameter beider Umwandlungen sind kettenlängenabhängig. 5. Die Temperaturen der Hauptumwandlungen fallen mit steigendem Wassergehalt, insbesondere in der Nähe des wasserreichen Gebietesx W∼0,85), sprunghaft ab und bleiben im heterogenen Zweiphasengebiet konstant. Umgekehrt steigen die Enthalpien der Hauptumwandlung, bezogen auf die wasserfreien Lecithine, im gleichen Gebiet sprunghaft an. Die Umwandlungsenthalpien der Lecithin/Wasser-Mischung zeigen dagegen einen linearen Verlauf in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt der Mischung. 6. Der Verlauf der Konzentrationsabhängigkeit der Umwandlungstemperaturen und-enthalpien der 3 binären Systeme läßt den Schluß zu, daß die Lecithinkopfgruppe stufenweise hydratisiert wird. Der Aufbau der 1. Hydrathülle ist bei ungefähr 5–6 Molekülen Wasser pro Molekül Lecithin abgeschlossen und die 2. Hydrathülle bei etwa 13 Molekülen Wasser pro Molekül Lecithin abgeschlossen
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 329-334 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Differential-scanning-calorimetry ; 1,2-di-palmitoyl-phosphatidyl-choline/water-mixtures ; phase transitions ; phase diagram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract 1. By means of the differential scanning calorimetry technique the phase diagram of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-lecithin/water was determined. The own results are discussed on a pure thermodynamical point of view together with the literature data. The contradictions which are obvious from the existence of different phase regions in the literature are considered. 2. The thermodynamical parameters of the pre-transitions as a function of the lecithin chain length was analysed and compared. The kinetics of the pre-transition was investigated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Auf der Grundlage kalorimetrischer Messungen wurden die Phasengebiete des Zustandsdiagrammes 1,2-Dipalmitoyllecithin/Wasser exakt ermittelt und thermodynamisch widerspruchsfrei unter Berücksichtigung von Strukturuntersuchungen interpretiert. Die eigenen Ergebnisse werden Literaturdaten gegenübergestellt und diskutiert. 2. Die Analyse der Umwandlungsparameter der Vorumwandlung der untersuchten Lecithine Di-C14-PC, Di-C16-PC, Di-C18-PC und Di-C20-PC im wasserreichen Gebiet (heterogenes Zweiphasengebiet) führt zu einer eindeutigen Kettenlängenabhängigkeit. Untersuchungen zur Kinetik der Rückbildung derL β-Phase zeigen, daß die strukturellen Veränderungen, die mit der Vorumwandlung zusammenhängen, langsame Prozesse sind. 3. Untersuchungen zur Hydratation derL β- undx-Phase ergaben, daß bei 273 K (Eispeak-Auswertung) für alle untersuchten Lecithine ein Wert von 13–14 mol W/mol L gefunden wird. Mit Temperaturerhöhung erhöht sich die Hydratationszahl geringfügig.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 417-422 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Differential-scanning-calorimetry ; homologous phospholipids ; influence of substituents ; phase transition temperatures ; phase transition enthalpies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract By means of the differential scanning calorimetry technique the phase transition temperatures (T u) and enthalpies (ΔH u ) of phospholipid/water systems were evaluated. The major reason of this investigations was the variation of the chemical structure of the phospholipids. The results show that the influence of the substituents, in both, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the phospholipids affects a systematical change in the phase transition parameters.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Unter Verwendung der Methodik der Differential-Scanning-Kalorimetrie wurden die UmwandlungstemperaturenT u und UmwandlungsenthalpienΔH u der thermischen Phasenumwandlung von Phospholipid-Wasser-Systemen unterschiedlicher chemischer Phospholipidstruktur, insbesondere von Ether- und Ketalphospholipiden sowie von Lecithinen mit unterschiedlicher Anzahl von Methylgruppen am N-Atom, untersucht; die Ergebnisse wurden verglichen. 2. Die Variation der Kettenlänge homologer Phospholipide (Lecithine, Kephaline, Etherlecithine, Ketallecithine) führt im wasserreichen heterogenen Zweiphasengebiet zu einem linearen Anstieg derΔH u Werte der Hauptumwandlung. DieT u -Werte steigen monoton an. Kettenverzweigungen im Säurerest der Lecithine bewirken eine Erniedrigung derT u undΔH u -Werte im Vergleich zu den unverzweigten Verbindungen. 3. Variation der Substituenten im hydrophoben Teil der Phospholipidmoleküle (Ester, Ether, Ketale) bei gleicher Länge der KW-Ketten führt ebenfalls zu regelmäßigen Veränderungen in den Umwandlungsparametern sowie zu Verschiebungen im Temperaturabstand zwischen Vor- und Hauptumwandlung. 4. Der Einfluß der Anzahl der Methylgruppen am N-Atom der Phosphatidylkopfgruppe zeigt sich insbesondere im Hydratisierungsvermögen der Phospholipide. Mit diesem sind zugleich systematische Verschiebungen der Parameter der Hauptumwandlung im wasserreichen heterogenen Zweiphasengebiet verbunden.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 427-433 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Differential-scanning-calorimetry ; lecithin/cephaline-mixtures ; cephaline/ cephaline-mixtures ; phase diagrams ; demixing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract 1. By means of differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) the miscibility properties of the following ternary mixtures were studied: 1,2-dimyristoyl-cephaline/1,2-dipalmitoyl-cephaline/water (Di-C14-EA/Di-C16-EA/H2O); 1,2-dipalmitoyl-lecithin/1,2-dipalmitoyl-cephaline/water (Di-C16-PC/Di-C16-EA/H2O; 1,2-dipalmitoyl-lecithin/1,2-dipalmitoyl-N-methyl-cephaline/water (Di-C16-PC/Di-C16-MEA/H2O). All mixtures contained always 50 wt.% water. From the phase transition (gel→L α ;L= lamellar,α=fluid hydrocarbon chains) temperatures, evaluated from the dsc curves, the phase diagrams were obtained and compared with the ideal diagrams. 2. The result indicated that for the Di-C14-EA/Di-C16-EA system complete miscibility occurs in both gel andL α phases. The observed phase diagram does not markably differ from that calculated for ideal miscibility. 3. The phase diagram of the system Di-C16-PC/Di-C16-EA shows a peritectic behaviour. The measurements refer to the conclusion that there is a phase separation in the gel phase. The electron microscopic analysis confirm these results. 4. The miscibility properties of the binary system Di-C16-PC/Di-C16-MEA are qualitatively similar to those of the system Di-C16-PC/Di-C16-EA. The analysis of the heat transition enthalpies of the mixtures (Δ¯ H) shows for both systems that in the range of the miscibility gap the value ofΔ¯H is appreciably larger than the value of miscible systems.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Das Mischungsverhalten folgender ternärer Systeme wurde mittels Differential-Scanning-Kalorimetrie untersucht: Dimyristoylkephalin/Dipalmitoylkephalin/Wasser (Di-C14-EA/Di-C16-EA/H2O) Dipalmitoyllecithin/Dipalmitoylkephalin/Wasser (Di-C16-PC/Di-C16-EA/H2O) Dipalmitoyllecithin/Dipalmitoyl-N-methyl-kephalin/Wasser (Di-C16-PC/Di-C16-MEA/H2O). Die Messungen beziehen sich auf 50 Gew.% Wasser. Ziel der kalorimetrischen Untersuchungen war die Aufnahme der Solidus- und Liquidus-Kurven der binären Zustandsdiagramme und deren thermodynamische Berechnung. Es handelt sich dabei um die Phasenumwandlung Gel (Tieftemperaturphase)→L α -Phase (Hochtemperaturphase;L= lamellar,α=KW-Ketten fluid). 2. Die Komponenten des binären Systems Di-C14-EA/Di-C16-EA sind sowohl in derL α -als auch in der Gelphase vollständig mischbar. Der Vergleich des Verlaufs der berechneten mit der experimentell bestimmten Solidus- und Liquiduskurve ergibt nur geringfügige Abweichungen vom idealen Mischungsverhalten. 3. Das Zustandsdiagramm des binären Systems Di-C16-PC/Di-C16-EA zeigt peritektisches Mischungsverhalten. In der Gelphase tritt eine Entmischung der Komponenten auf. Die Entmischungsgebiete konnten elektronenmikroskopisch sichtbar gemacht werden. 4. Das Mischungsverhalten des binären Systems Di-C16-PC/Di-C16-MEA entspricht qualitativ dem des binären Systems Di-C16-PC/Di-C16-EA. Die Analyse des Konzentrationsverlaufes der UmwandlungsenthalpieΔ¯H ergibt wie beim System Di-C16-PC/Di-C16-EA im Entmischungsbereich eine Abweichung zu höheren Werten.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Differential-scanning-calorimetry ; chain branched lecithins ; pre- and maintransitions ; transition enthalpies and temperatures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract 1. By means of differential scanning calorimetry the phase transition temperatures (T u) and phase transition enthalpies (ΔH u) ofα- andβ-branched lecithins were determined. The lecithin samples contained 50% water per weight. 2. The occurrence of the pre-transition was dependent on the position of the methyl group in the acid residue as well as on the length of the carbon chains. TheΔH u values of the pre-transition were about 2.5 kJ·mol−1. 3. The hydration number (HZ) (number of water molecules per lecithin headgroup) was independent on the position of the methyl group and the length of the acyl group. The average HZ-values for all the lecithins studied is about HZ=14+-1. 4. The influence of the chain length of theα- andβ- branched acyl groups affects the thermodynamical parameters of the main transitions (gel→L α). TheΔH m andT m-values increased as the chain length increases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Mittels Differential-Scanning-Kalorimetrie wurden die Phasenum-wandlungstemperaturenT u und -enthalpienΔH u α-verzweigtkettiger Lecithine Di-(α- M- Cn)-PC (n=14, 16, 18, 20) undβ-verzweigtkettiger Lecithine Di-(β-M-Cn)-PC (n=14, 16, 18) im heterogenen Zweiphasengebiet (50 Gew.% Wasser) gemessen und mit dem Phasenverhalten unverzweigter Lecithine verglichen. 2. Die Ausbildung der Vorumwandlung ist sowohl von der Kettenlänge als auch von der Position der Methylgruppe am Säurerest abhängig. Bei folgenden Verbindungen wurde eine Vorumwandlung beobachtet: Di-(α-M-C14)-PC, Di-(α-M-C16)-PC, Di-(α-M-C18)-PC und Di-(β-M-C14)-PC. DieΔH u-Werte der Vorumwandlung liegen in der Größenordnung von ∼2,5 kJ·mol−1. Der Temperaturabstand zwischen Vor- und Hauptumwandlung verringert sich in regelmäßiger Weise mit wachsender Länge der methylverzweigten Acylgruppen. 3. Die Anzahl der an der Lecithinkopfgruppe fest gebundenen Wassermoleküle (HZ) ist unabhängig von der Position der Methyl- und Länge der Acylgruppe und beträgt HZ=14±1 mol Wasser pro mol Lecithin. 4. Der Kettenlängeneinfluß derα- undβ-verzweigten Acylgruppen auf die thermodynamischen Parameter der Hauptumwandlung (Gel→L α) äußert sich in einem regelmäßigen Anstieg derΔH m- undT m- Werte.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sea star ; Development ; Cuticle ; Extracellular materials ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of conspicuous extracellular materials during the life history of a sea star (Patiria miniata) is described. The outer surface of the developing sea star is covered by two morphologically different cuticles that appear sequentially during ontogeny. The primary cuticle, which is about 120 nm thick and two-layered, is present from mid-blastula through the end of the larval stage. The secondary cuticle, which is about 1 μm thick and three-layered, first appears on the epidermis of the rudiment region of the larva and, after metamorphosis, covers the entire epidermis of the juvenile and adult stages. During ontogeny, there are only two conspicuous gut cuticles: the first lines the newly invaginated archenteron at the start of the gastrula stage, and the second lines the esophagus during the larval stage. A blastocoelic basal lamina first appears at mid-blastula and persists as subectodermal and subendodermal basal laminae. Ruthenium red-positive granules are detectable between the lateral surfaces of adjacent ectodermal cells during part of the gastrula stage; this transient intercellular material may possibly aid in lateral adhesion between cells.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 147-153 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cortex ; Endodermis ; Picea sitchensis ; Tilia cordata ; Transfer cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The endodermis of bothTilia cordata andPicae citchensis progressess through 3 characteristic phases of development. These developments are delayed somewhat in the xylem pole endodermis ofT. cordata, while inP. sitchensis 3–5 passage cells are found. The cortex ofT. cordata is characterised by very thick walls, while that ofP. sitchensis is characterised by a thick walled layer just outside the endodermis and by 2–3 outer layers of transfer cells.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Differential-scanning-calorimetry ; electron microscopy ; ripple structure ; phospholipid mixtures ; phase diagram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract By means of differential scanning calorimetry and electron microscopy the miscibility properties of the system dipalmitoyllecithin/dipalmitoyl-N-methyl-cephaline/ water (50 wt-% water) was studied. In theL α-phase (high temperature phase) both phospholipids were completely miscible. On the other hand in the low temperature phases demixing occurs in the concentration range fromx MPE≅0.05 tox MPE≅0.35. The electron microscopy confirms these results. The electron microscopic pictures showed the ripple structure of theP β phase.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kalorimetrische Messungen am pseudobinären System Dipalmitoyllecithin/Dipalmitoyl-N-methyl-kephalin im wasserreichen Konzentrationsgebiet (50 Gew. % Wasser) ergaben vollständige Mischbarkeit in derL α-Phase (Hochtemperaturphase) und partielle Entmischung (x MPE≅0.05–0,35) in den Tieftemperaturphasen. Die Mischungsbzw. Entmischungsgebiete in den Tieftemperaturphasen konnten durch die Rippenstruktur derP β-Phase elektronenmikroskopisch nachgewiesen werden.
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